还剩19页未读，
继续阅读
北师大版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 9 LearningLesson 1 Active Learning导学案
展开
这是一份北师大版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 9 LearningLesson 1 Active Learning导学案，共22页。
Unit 9 Learning
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.approach A．v.&n.尝试；试图
( )2.automatic B．vt.忽视；置之不理
( )3.flexible C．n.方法
( )4.attempt D．adj.灵活的，可变通的
( )5.ignore E．adj.自动的；无意识的
[答案] 1－5 CEDAB
B．短语匹配
( )1.reflect on A．以……为根据
( )2.work out B．在……的中心
( )3.be based on... C．总之；简而言之
( )4.in short D．思考
( )5.at the heart of E．弄懂某事物；计算出
[答案] 1－5 DEACB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．partner n. 搭档，同伴
2．inner adj. 内部的
3．promote vt. 促进，增进
4．unlikely adj. 不大可能的
5．dinosaur n. 恐龙
6．data n. 资料；数据
7．reflect vi.&vt. 仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映
8．argue vi. 争论，争吵
Ⅰ.语境填词
promote；partner；ignore；automatic；inner；flexible；data；approach；attempt；unlikely
1．They have built hotels in most unlikely places.
2．These data have been collected from various sources.
3．We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information.
4．The United States has always been China's third major trade partner．
5．Michael needed to express his inner tensions.
6．The couple made an unsuccessful attempt at a compromise.
7．You need to be more flexible and imaginative in your approach.
8．You don't have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.
9．She said her husband ignored her.
10．This heating system has an automatic temperature control.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Your clothes are often a reflection(reflect) of your personality.
2．We are working on the assumption(assume) that everyone invited will turn up.
3．We had an argument(argue) with the waiter about the bill.
4．The campsite provided only basic(base) facilities.
5．Pakistan came into existence(exist) as an independent country after the war.
6．Children often behave badly out of ignorance (ignore)．
7．My first impression (impress) of him was bad.
1．Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions，while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.
你内心的声音表达你的个人观点，而外在的声音则从你所听到或所读到的内容来告诉你观点。
2．If you keep paying too much attention to it，you risk missing important information.
如果你一直太关注它，你就有可能错过重要的信息。
3．The answers will lead you to further learning，and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
答案将引导你进一步学习，而问题的解决将帮助你对这个话题有更高的理解。
4．If you try to find out the source of an idea，no matter how crazy it seems，you will increase your chance of learning something.
如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，不管它看起来有多疯狂，你将增加你学习一些东西的机会。
5．This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.
另一方面，也不要以为有些人总是正确的，因为他们是谁，或者仅仅因为他们是你的朋友。
名师圈点
①assume vt.认为；假定，假设
②automatic adj.自动的；无意识的
③take part in 参加；参与
④suggest doing sth.建议做某事
⑤outer adj.外部的，外面的
⑥inner adj.内部的
⑦express vt.表达
⑧personal adj.个人的
⑨in the way of妨碍
⑩pay attention to注意；关注
⑪risk vt.冒险
risk doing sth.冒险做某事
⑫openminded adj.思想开放的；开明的
⑬make decisions做出决定
⑭argue vi.争论，与争吵
argue with与……争吵
⑮flexible adj.灵活的，可变通的
⑯end up以……结束
⑰promote vt.促进，增进
⑱achieve vt.实现；完成
⑲in short简而言之
⑳curious adj.好奇的；有好奇心的
be curious about对……感到好奇
attempt vt.尝试；试图 n．努力，尝试
attempt to尝试
entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地
unlikely adj.不大可能的
aspect n．方面
be based on...以……为根据
dinosaur n．恐龙
exist vi.存在；实际上有
data n．资料；数据
miss out错过；遗漏
opportunity n．机会；机遇
ignore vt.忽视；置之不理
cannot help doing情不自禁地做……
after all毕竟；终究
separate vt.&vi.隔开
adj.不同的；独立的
原文呈现
ACTIVE LEARNING
by Kevin Daum
Most people assume①that the human brain is set on“automatic②”that means it learns all by itself.But this isn't always true.We need to train ourselves to be better learnersto actively take part in③ the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt.These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”．I suggest doing④five things to take an active role in your learning.
1．Listen to the outer⑤voice
There are two kinds of voices：the inner⑥voice and the outer voice.Your inner voice expresses⑦your personal⑧opinions，while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.[1] Although，your inner voice can be useful，it can also get in the way of⑨learning.If you keep paying too much attention to⑩it，you risk missing important information⑪.Instead，active learners are openminded⑫and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying，not on what their brain is saying in the background.In this way，they are in a better position to make decisions⑬.
[1]while是转折连词，表示“然而”；what引导宾语从句作from的宾语。
2．Argue with⑭your inner voice
If you find your inner voice difficult to control，you can argue with it as most active learners do.When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong，think about why the speaker/writer may be right.Be flexible⑮in your opinions and you might end up⑯agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.If not，at least you have “listened to” another point of view.
3．Ask questions
Asking questions is the easiest way to promote⑰active learning.When you get information from someone，from books or the Internet，ask two，three，even five questions about the topic.The answers will lead you to further learning，and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve⑱a higher level of understanding about the topic.In short⑲：Do not stop being curious⑳.
4．Get to the truth
Active learners do not accept everything they learn.They attempt tofind the truth at the heart of each idea.Even when an idea sounds entirelyunlikely，there may be an aspectof it that is based ontruth.So if someone says that dinosaursstill existtoday，think about why they believe this.Where does the idea come from？Do they have enough data to support their views？If you try to find out the source of an idea，no matter how crazy it seems，you will increase your chance of learning something[2]．
[2]no matter how引导让步状语从句。
5．Focus on the message
Many people miss outon learning opportunitiesbecause they let their feelings get in the way.They refuse to learn or ignorewhat is said because of who the speaker/writer is.It is true that we cannot help disliking32some people—this is human nature，after all.But do not forget you can still learn from them.Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.Instead，they separatethe message from the messenger.This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.
译文参考
主动学习
凯文·道姆
大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动的”——这意味着它可以自己学习所有的东西。但这并不总是真的。我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者，积极参与学习过程并思考我们学过的东西。这种学习行为叫作“主动学习”。为了积极主动地学习，我建议做五件事。
1．听外面的声音
有两种声音：内心的声音和外在的声音。你内心的声音表达你的个人观点，而外在的声音则从你所听到或所读到的内容来告诉你观点。虽然，你内心的声音是有用的，但它也会妨碍学习。如果你一直太关注它，你就有可能错过重要的信息。相反，积极的学习者思想开放，专注于说话者或作者在说什么，而不是他们的大脑在后台说什么。这样，他们就能更好地做出决定。
2．与你内心的声音争论
如果你发现你内心的声音很难控制，你可以像大多数积极的学习者那样与之争论。当你内心的声音告诉你一个说话或作者是错的，想想为什么说话人或作者可能是对的。在你的观点上灵活些，最终你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。如果不是，至少你有“听”另一个观点。
3．提出问题
提问是促进主动学习的最简单的方法。当你从某人那里，从书本或互联网上得到信息，问两个、三个甚至五个关于这个话题的问题。答案将引导你进一步学习，而问题的解决将帮助你对这个话题有更高的理解。简而言之：不要停止好奇。
4．找到真相
积极的学习者不会接受他们所学的一切。他们努力从每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。即使一个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也许有某个方面是基于事实的。所以如果有人说恐龙今天仍然存在，想想他们为什么相信这一点。这个想法是从哪里来的？他们有足够的资料支持他们的观点吗？如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，不管它看起来有多疯狂，你将增加你学习一些东西的机会。
5．专注于信息
许多人错失了学习的机会，因为他们让自己的感情成为障碍。他们拒绝学习或忽视所说的话，因为他是演讲者或作者。的确，我们情不自禁讨厌一些人——这毕竟是人性。但别忘了你仍然可以从中学习。积极的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感觉来判断人。相反，他们把信息和信使分开。另一方面，也不要以为有些人总是正确的，因为他们是谁，或者仅仅因为他们是你的朋友。
速读P52－53教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．It is always wrong to assume that the human brain is set to be “automatic”．
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．The outer voice expresses your personal opinions.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．If you pay too much attention to your inner voice，you are at the risk of missing important information.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Active learners can argue with their inner voice.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Many people lose learning chances because they let their feelings get in the way.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BBAAA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息
A．why the speaker/writer may be right
B．why they believe this
C．what you hear or read
D．that means it learns all by itself
E．what the speaker/writer is saying
1．Most people assume that the human brain is set to be “automatic”— ．
2．The outer voice tells you about opinions from ．
3．Active learners are openminded and focus on ．
4．When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong，think about ．
5．If someone says that dinosaurs still exist today，think about ．
[答案] 1－5 DCEAB
Ⅲ.表格填空
ACTIVE LEARNING
Listen to the outer voice
Inner voice expresses your personal opinions；1.outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.Inner voice can get in the way of learning.Active learners focus on 2.what the speaker/writer is saying.
Argue with your inner voice
Argue with your inner voice as most 3.active learners do.Be 4.flexible in your opinions.If not，at least you have “listened to” another point of view.
Ask questions
Asking questions is the easiest way to 5.promote active learning.Ask questions about the topic and the 6.answers will lead you to further learning.Do not stop being 7.curious.
Get to the truth
Attempt to find the 8.truth at the heart of each idea，you will increase your chance of learning something.
Focus on the message
Do not judge people based on first 9.impressions or personal feelings.Separate the message from the 10.messenger.
细读P52－53教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1 A．Ask questions.
2．Para.2 B．Get to the truth.
3．Para.3 C．Listen to the outer voice.
4．Para.4 D．Focus on the message.
5．Para.5 E．Argue with your inner voice.
6．Para.6 F．The introduction of “active
learning”．
[答案] 1－6 FCEABD
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What is active learning?
A．To learn all by itself.
B．To train ourselves and take part in the learning process.
C．To suggest doing something.
D．To assume something.
2．What's the result if you attach great importance to your inner voice?
A．You will miss important information.
B．You will be openminded.
C．You will focus on what the speaker/writer is saying.
D．You will make better decisions.
3．What will active learners do if their inner voice is difficult to control?
A．They will think about the outer voice.
B．They will argue with it.
C．They will end up disagreeing with the speaker/writer.
D．They will stick to the view of theirs.
4．According to the passage，which one is NOT true?
A．Asking questions will lead you to further learning.
B．Working out questions will help you achieve a higher level of understanding.
C．Stopping being curious.
D．Not to accept everything you learn.
5．What can we learn from the text?
A．The outer voice expresses your personal opinions.
B．Active learners focus on what their brain is saying in the background.
C．Active learners accept everything they learn.
D．Active learners don't judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.
[答案] 1－5 BABCD
Ⅲ.读后续写/概要写作微技能
A．阅读课文中含有给出建议的语句。
1．I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning.
2．In short：Do not stop being curious.
3．Do not just assume that some people are always right.
B．判断下列语句中哪些不是给出建议的语句。
1．If you keep paying too much attention to it，you risk missing important information.
2．Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
3．Active learners do not accept everything they learn.
[答案] 1；3
1．reflect vt.&vi.仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映→reflection n．映射；发射；思考→reflective adj.沉思的；深思的；典型的
2．assume vt.认为；假定，假设→assumption n．假定；假设→assumed adj.假设的；假定的
3．argue vi.争吵，争论→argument n．争论，争吵
4．base vt.基础；以……为根据n.根基；底部；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的；简单的
5．ignore vt.忽视；置之不理→ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的→ignorance n．无知；愚昧
6．impress vt.给……留下印象；使铭记→impression n．印象；感想→impressive adj.令人钦佩的，给人印象深刻的
1．reflect vt.& vi.反射，映射；反映；表达(意见)；仔细思考
①The sea reflected back the bright sunlight. 反射
②Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.
反映；表达
③On the way home he reflected that the interview had gone well.
仔细思考
2．ignore vt.忽视；忽略；置之不理
①He ignored all the “No parking” signals and parked his car here.
忽视
②She ignored him and carried on with her work. 置之不理
Words and Phrases
reflect vi.& vt.反映；反射；仔细思考；表达(意见)；沉思
(教材P52) to reflect on思考
[例1] The sunlight reflected off the snowcovered mountains.
阳光从被雪覆盖的山峦反射回来。
[例2] His image was reflected many times in the mirror.
他的影像在那面镜子里多次反射出来。
[造句] 我们都应该给自己时间来深思。
We should all give ourselves time to reflect.
[知识拓展]
(1)reflect sb./ sth.in sth. 映出；反映
reflect on/upon 仔细想；考虑；反省
reflect that... 思考……
(2)reflection n. 反映；反射；映像；
沉思；深思；思考
a reflection on... 反映了……
on reflection 经再三思考
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She could see herself reflected in his eyes.
②I'm sitting in the small yard，reflecting on the plan.
③The moon looks bright because of the reflection(reflect) of light.
[小片段助记]
This is a good time to reflect on who you are too.How is God's image reflected in your relationships?
argue vi.争论，争吵；论证；证明
(教材P52) Argue with your inner voice
与你内心的声音争论
[例1] We're always arguing with each other.
我们总是互相争论。
[例2] He argued that they needed more time to finish the project.
他表明他们需要更多的时间来完成该项目。
[造句] 最近的事态发展表明政府改变了政策。
These latest developments argue a change in government policy.
[知识拓展]
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth.
与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth. 为支持/反对某事而辩论
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n. 理由；论据；争论
beyond argument 无需争论
have an argument with...over/about
就……和……争论
get into an argument with 和……争论
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They argued for the right to strike.
②It's no use arguing about the question with him for he won't change his opinion.
③They argued him into cycling(cycle) instead of driving there.
[小片段助记]
The workers，who argued for their own rights，argued with the boss for a few days，but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages.
assume vt.认为；假定，假设；承担(责任)
(教材P52) Most people assume that the human brain is set on“automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动的”——这意味着它可以自己学习所有的东西。
[例1] Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
咱们暂时假设计划成功。
[例2] People assume they know me through and through the moment we meet.
人们一见到我，就自以为对我了如指掌了。
[造句] 法庭承担了保障这个女孩福利的责任。
The court assumed the responsibility for the girl's welfare.
[知识拓展]
(1)assume＋n.＋(to be)n./adj. 认为……是……
It is (generally) assumed that... 人们(普遍)认为……
(2)assumption n. 假定，假设
make assumptions about... 假定……
on the assumption that... 假定……
(3)assuming (that)...＝supposing (that)...
假定……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is assumed that there is a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.
②We assume him to be (be) innocent before hearing the evidence against it.
③Assuming (assume) the house is for sale, would you buy it?
④A lot of people make an assumption(assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World.
end up doing最后；最终
(教材P53) Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
在你的观点上灵活些，最终你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。
[例1] If you don't know what you want，you might end up getting something you don't want.
如果你不知道自己想要什么，到头来你可能得非所愿。
[例2] If you always give in to others you will end up feeling like a doormat.
如果你总是屈服于人，你最终会觉得自己像一个受气包。
[造句] 消费者最终承担这笔额外成本。
Consumers end up bearing this extra cost.
[知识拓展]
end up 结束；告终
end up with 以……结束，以……告终
end up as 最后成为
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is possible that one day we will end up with a disability.
②They win no one's trust and will end up having (have)no friends at all.
③Stop spending so fast，or you'll end up as a beggar.
[名师点津]
end up后面可以跟形容词、介词短语动词ing形式作状语。
work out制定出；锻炼身体，做运动；计算出；弄懂某事物；进展
(教材P53) The answers will lead you to further learning，and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
答案将引导你进一步学习，而问题的解决将帮助你对这个话题有更高的理解。
[例1] To work out a plan，one has to start with investigation.
制定计划要从调研入手。
[例2] The price per pound works out at ￡3.20.
每磅价格合计3.20英镑。
[造句] 谈判人员定于今天晚些时候进行会面，商定一个折中方案。
Negotiators are due to meet later today to work out a compromise.
[知识拓展]
work at 从事；致力于，钻研
work for 为……工作，为……做事
work off 除去；解除
work on 继续工作；影响；从事
work over 检查；研究
work with 与……共事，与……合作
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I have had to work for every single penny I earned.
②I spent some time (in) working over these books.
attempt v．& n．尝试；试图；努力
(教材P53) They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.
他们努力从在每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。
[例1] I passed my driving test at the first attempt.
我考汽车驾驶执照一次就通过了。
[例2] I will attempt to answer all your questions.
我将努力回答你的全部问题。
[造句] 他试图掌控公司，但以失败告终。
He failed in his attempt to take control of the company.
[知识拓展]
(1)attempt to do sth. 试图/努力做某事
attempt doing sth. 试着做某事
(2)at the/one's first attempt 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do(sth.) 试图做某事
make an/no attempt to do(sth.) 企图做某事/没有做某事的企图
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Not many people can answer this question at the first attempt.
②The climbers will make an attempt to reach(reach) the summit today.
③Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.
base n．基础；以……为根据；根基；底座；源泉vt.以……为据点(或总部等)；把(总部等)设在
(教材P53) Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely，there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.
即使一个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也许有某个方面是基于事实的。
[例1] The harbour is an important naval base.
该港是一个重要的海军基地。
[例2] But if we want to base action on evidence and answers，we are only at the start.
但如果我们想以证据和答案作为行动基础，这才刚刚开始。
[造句] 上海是中国最重要的工业基地。
Shanghai is the most important industrial base of China.
[知识拓展]
(1)base...on/upon... 把……建立在……；以……为根据
be based on/upon 以……为根据/基础
(2)basis n. 基础；原因；基准，准则
on the basis of... 在……基础上
(3)basic adj. 基础的；基本的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Canadian libel law is based(base) on English common law.
②Some videos have been banned on the basis(base) that they are too violent.
③Hospitals lack even basic(base) drugs for surgical operations.
[小片段助记]
The basis of the theory is based on the research conducted by the famous professor.On the basis of it, we can put it into effect in many fields of our life.
exist vi.存在；实际上有；生存
(教材P53) So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today，think about why they believe this.
所以如果有人说恐龙今天仍然存在，想想他们为什么相信这一点。
[例1] The problem only exists in your head，Jane.
这个问题不过是你的想象，简。
[例2] They can't exist on the money he's earning.
他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。
[造句] 他认为自己看不见的东西就不存在。
He thought that if he couldn't see something，it didn't exist.
[知识拓展]
(1)exist in 存在于……之中
exist on＝live on 靠……为生
There exist... 有……，存在……
(2)existence n. 存在；生存
in existence 存在
out of existence 消失
come into existence 出现，产生
bring into existence 使……出现/产生
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We often report problems that exist in the work.
②It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income.
③New companies come into existence(exist) every year.
ignore vt.忽视；置之不理；不理会，不顾
(教材P53) They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.
他们拒绝学习或忽视所说的话，因为他是演讲者或作者。
[例1] I made a suggestion but they chose to ignore it.
我提了个建议，但他们不予理会。
[例2] The government had ignored his views on the subject.
政府没有理睬他对这一问题的看法。
[造句] 这些是事实，不能视而不见。
These are facts and you can't just ignore them.
[知识拓展]
(1)ignorant adj. (对某事物)不了解的；无知的
be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道/没有意识到某事
(2)ignorance n. 无知；愚昧；不知道
be in ignorance of/about sth. 不知道某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I said hello to her，but she ignored (ignore) me completely.
②To say you were ignorant of/about the rules is no excuse.
③If he did wrong，it was only through ignorance(ignore)．
[小片段助记]
The design completely ignored the concept, because the designer was ignorant of it.His ignorance caused the company a great loss.
impression n．印象；感想
(教材P53) Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.
积极的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感觉来判断人。
[例1] It made a very forceful impression on me.
它给我留下深刻的印象。
[例2] What were your first impressions of college?
你对大学的第一印象是什么？
[造句] 他告诉了我他的计划，给我留下了一个好印象。
He has told me his plans and made a good impression on me.
[知识拓展]
(1)have/get a good/bad/deep impression on
对……有好的/坏的/深刻的印象
leave/make a good/bad/deep impression on
给……留下好的/坏的/深刻的印象
(2)impress vt. 给……留下印象；印上
impress sb.with sth. 使某人铭记某事；用……打动
be impressed with... 对……印象深刻
impress sth.on sth./sb./one's mind
把某物印在某物上/使某人铭记某事
(3)impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We left/made the impression on audience that we were determined to win.
②He impressed her with his honesty.
③Our teacher impressed the importance of knowledge on us.
④The general is an impressive(impress) man.
[小片段助记]
Shenzhen impresses tourists from home and abroad.First，they have a good impression on the city's road and traffic.Besides，the city impresses its friendliness and hospitality upon their minds.Above all，many places of interest in this city are very impressive，such as Window of the World，the Happy Valley and so on.
Sentence Patterns
部分否定
(教材P52) But this isn't always true.
但这并不总是真的。
[句式分析]
[例1] The world is not always what we wish it to be.
世界并不总是如我们所愿。
[例2] I don't always stay at the same hotel.
我并不总住在同一家旅馆。
[造句] 新目标并不总是与现行政策一致。
New goals are not always consistent with the existing policies.
[知识拓展]
部分否定：某些表示全体意义的代词、形容词、副词与not连用表示部分否定，如代词all，both和形容词whole，every等所修饰的名词词组，包括every所构成的复合代词。某些副词如altogether，entirely，wholly，quite等也是如此。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①这两姐妹并不都喜欢这部电影。
Both of the sisters don't like the film．
②我们不全都来自农村。
Not all of us come from the countryside.
祈使句＋and＋陈述句
(教材P53) Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
在你的观点上灵活些，最终你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。
[句式分析]
本句使用了“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，祈使句表示条件或假设，相当于if引导的条件状语从句；陈述句表示结果或推论。and表示递进关系，含有“那么”之意。
[例1] Hurry up，and you will catch the bus.
快点，你就会赶上那班公共汽车。
[例2] Work hard and you will succeed.
努力工作你就会成功。
[造句] 再给我一个小时，我就会完成工作。
Give me one more hour，and I'll get the work finished.
[知识拓展]
祈使句＋and ＋简单句
祈使句＋or＋简单句
名词短语＋and＋简单句
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Hurry up，or you will not be able to catch the first bus.
②One more minute，and I will finish my paper.
教材
高考
1.to reflect on
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
2.Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.
(2020·北京卷)They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were smarter than the Neanderthals.
3.Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
(2020·北京卷) Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
4.They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.
(2020·浙江卷)Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in, through agriculture.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．More effort，and you will succeed.
2．The increase in crime is a sad reflection(reflect) on our society today.
3．Assuming(assume) it's possible，how much information can we send?
4．There's a strong argument(argue) for lowering the price.
5．She dreamed of a different life but ended up living(live) in a country far away from the city.
6．One of the first questions they attempted to answer(answer) was where does stability come from?
7．Now look at a few of them and some basic(base) examples of using them.
8．You may be stuck with a miserable existence(exist) for the rest of your life.
9．I met some ignorant(ignore) people who called me all kinds of names.
10．The results I have seen show an impressive(impress) and rapid impact on health outcomes.
Ⅱ.短语填空
brush up；reflect on；argue with；work out；in short；attempt to；be based on；at the heart of
1．For some teachers，half of their rating is based on how well their students do.
2．Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium.
3．Money lies at the heart of the debate over airline safety.
4．I could have brushed up a bit more on my facts before I met him.
5．The spy attempted to escape to a neighbouring country.
6．I argued with him for hours，but had to give up in the end.
7．As I waved goodbye to them，I reflected on the significance of what I had seen.
8. In short，this is a time for us to be pragmatic，but also optimistic.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Anyone can be an active learner if he/she trains actively.Active learners don't pay too much attention 1.to the inner voice because it can stop them from fully 2.understanding (understand) what they're hearing or reading.3.To be(be) an active learner, you can also react to your inner voice, for example, arguing with your inner voice, and questioning your point of view.Ask as many 4.questions (question) as you can because the answers will lead you 5.to further learning, and the way of 6.working (work) out questions will help you 7.to achieve (achieve) a higher level of understanding about the topic.Don't accept everything you learn and try to find the 8. truth(true) at the heart of each idea so you can understand why people believe this.Finally, don't let your feelings get in the way when you're learning.Even if you cannot help 9.disliking(dislike) some people, you may still be able to learn 10.from them.
v．ing或不定式作宾语
[观察例句]
1．I want to have a walk after supper.
2．He considered it his duty to support his family.
3．She doesn't know how to run the machine.
4．I did remember seeing him somewhere last Sunday.
5．Before class，you will be asked to stop talking and smoking.
6．Would you mind opening the window for me?
[归纳用法]
1．下列动词常接不定式作宾语
三个希望两答应(hope，wish，want，agree，promise)
两个要求莫拒绝 (demand，ask，refuse)
设法学会做决定 (manage，learn，decide)
不要假装在选择 (pretend，choose)
afford，agree，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，beg，choose，claim，dare，decide，demand，deserve，determine，expect，fail，fear，get，guarantee，hate，help，hope，hurry，intend，learn，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，seem，tend，threaten，want，wish，swear
＋ to do sth.
They agreed to give it to me the next day.
They hope to find new resources for mankind.
I demand to see your director.
I happened to know the answer to your question.
To my disappointment，my father doesn't agree to buy me a new bike.
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①I expected to meet(meet) your friend，but my car broke down on the way.
②The flu is believed to be caused(cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
③Remember to put(put) back the magazine when you finish reading it.
2．下列动词常跟动名词作宾语
admit，advise，allow，anticipate，appreciate，avoid，ban，confess，consider，delay，deny，detest，dislike，encourage，endure，enjoy，ensure，escape，excuse，face，fancy，feel like，finish，forbid，forgive，give up，imagine，involve，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，omit，pardon，permit，postpone，practice，prevent，put off，quit，recall，recommend，report，resist，risk，save，suggest，tolerate，understand，can't help，can't resist (忍不住)
＋ doing
I admitted breaking the window.
We are considering moving to Seattle.
Would you mind turning off the light in the room?
Have you finished reading the book?
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①He got well prepared for the job interview，for he couldn't risk losing(lose) the good opportunity.
②We are considering making(make) a new decision.
③Our monitor suggested having(have) a discussion on the new holiday plan.
3．下列动词之后，既可跟不定式作宾语，又可跟动词ing形式作宾语，含义有细微差别
★love，like，hate，prefer，dislike
表经常性的、习惯性的行为多用动词ing形式作这类动词的宾语；表具体、某次特定的、带将来意味的行为多用不定式作这类动词的宾语。
I like swimming，but I don't like to swim today. (前者表经常性的行为，后者表示一次具体的行为)
★begin，start，continue
如强调“有意识”行为，多跟doing形式作宾语；如强调“无意识”行为，多跟to do作宾语；
当这三个词用于进行时态时，后面跟to do为佳；
当这三个词之后跟表示“精神状态或心理活动”的词时，只能跟to do作宾语。
I started learning English when I was ten. (表示有意识的行为)
It began to rain when I got home last night. (表示无意识的行为)
The bus is starting to run. (进行时，跟不定式)
I continue to feel sick. (表心理活动)
I begin to doubt his honesty. (表心理活动)
★want，need，require
句型sb./sth.want/need/require doing意为“某人/某物需要……”。动词ing形式与句子主语在逻辑上含动宾关系，用主动形式表被动含义，此句中的doing可用to be done代替。
My bike needs repairing.＝My bike needs to be repaired.
The old man requires looking after.＝The old man requires to be looked after.
句型 sb.want/need/require to do意为“某人想要做……”。不定式与句子主语在逻辑上含主谓关系。
She wants to talk with me.
remember to do sth.记住要做某事(不定式表示行为尚未发生)
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(动词ing形式表示行为已经发生)
forget to do sth.忘记了要做某事(不定式表示行为尚未执行)
forget doing sth.忘记了做过某事(动词ing形式表示行为已经执行)
regret to do sth.对要做的事感到抱歉(不定式表示行为紧跟在regret之后发生)
regret doing sth.后悔做过某事(动词ing形式表示行为发生在regret之前)
try to do sth.尽力做某事，努力做某事(不定式表示设法完成某种困难较大的事)
try doing sth.试着做某事(动词ing形式强调方法是否得当，看看会发生什么)
can't help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事
can't help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
go on to do sth.(已做完一件事)接着做(另一件事)
go on doing sth.继续做同一件事
stop to do sth.(停止一件事)接着做(另一件事)
stop doing sth.停止做某事
mean to do sth.打算做……(主语为人)
mean doing sth.做某事意味着做……(主语为物)
4．疑问词之后接不定式，不接动词ing形式。下列动词后常接“疑问词 ＋ 不定式”。
疑问词(也称连接代/副词)有：what，where，who(m)，when，how，whether，which(why 除外，why not do)
tell，advise，show，teach，find out，decide，discuss，learn，forget，inquire，know，explain，remember，see，understand，wonder
＋ wh疑问词 ＋to do sth.
She will tell you which bus to take.
Have you decided when to start?
He doesn't know what to do.
如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用“it”作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。如下列动词：
think/believe/consider/find/feel/know/make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.
I found it necessary to talk to him again.
I find it difficult to understand him.
We thought it wrong not to help her.
They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
I know it impossible to finish so much homework in a day.
He makes it a rule to give short speeches.
I find it easy to get on with her.
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①I remember meeting(meet) her somewhere before.
②We love having (have) a swim in the sea every afternoon.
③I'd like to have (have) a cup of coffee with sugar and milk.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I am sorry to miss catching(catch) the first bus.
2．I am considering going(go) there by bicycle.
3．He finished reading(read) the novel in two days.
4．Do remember to meet(meet) her at the station tomorrow.
5．We'd love to have(have) a swim in the sea this afternoon.
6．She doesn't know how to run(run) the machine.
7．I want to listen(listen) to some music after class.
8．Would you like to go(go) with me or would you rather stay at home?
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
I want the best for my kids，as any parent 1.does (do)．I occasionally need 2.to remind(remind) myself that they are their own little people on their own journeys in life.
As parents it's our responsibility 3.to teach(teach)，guide and encourage our kids.If we do our job right they are most likely 4.to become(become) responsible contributing members of society.
The old 5.saying(say) that “the apple doesn't fall far from the tree”，is an understatement at best.Truth is that children learn how 6.to behave(behave)，act，and deal with life situations first and foremost by 7.watching(watch) their parents.If dad sits on the couch all day and doesn't lift a finger 8.to help(help) with housework，chances are his own son (and daughter) will grow up 9.believing(believe) this is how people are supposed 10.to act(act)．
To tell the truth，I suggest learning more from carefree，cute kids.
Unit 9 Learning
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.approach A．v.&n.尝试；试图
( )2.automatic B．vt.忽视；置之不理
( )3.flexible C．n.方法
( )4.attempt D．adj.灵活的，可变通的
( )5.ignore E．adj.自动的；无意识的
[答案] 1－5 CEDAB
B．短语匹配
( )1.reflect on A．以……为根据
( )2.work out B．在……的中心
( )3.be based on... C．总之；简而言之
( )4.in short D．思考
( )5.at the heart of E．弄懂某事物；计算出
[答案] 1－5 DEACB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．partner n. 搭档，同伴
2．inner adj. 内部的
3．promote vt. 促进，增进
4．unlikely adj. 不大可能的
5．dinosaur n. 恐龙
6．data n. 资料；数据
7．reflect vi.&vt. 仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映
8．argue vi. 争论，争吵
Ⅰ.语境填词
promote；partner；ignore；automatic；inner；flexible；data；approach；attempt；unlikely
1．They have built hotels in most unlikely places.
2．These data have been collected from various sources.
3．We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information.
4．The United States has always been China's third major trade partner．
5．Michael needed to express his inner tensions.
6．The couple made an unsuccessful attempt at a compromise.
7．You need to be more flexible and imaginative in your approach.
8．You don't have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.
9．She said her husband ignored her.
10．This heating system has an automatic temperature control.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Your clothes are often a reflection(reflect) of your personality.
2．We are working on the assumption(assume) that everyone invited will turn up.
3．We had an argument(argue) with the waiter about the bill.
4．The campsite provided only basic(base) facilities.
5．Pakistan came into existence(exist) as an independent country after the war.
6．Children often behave badly out of ignorance (ignore)．
7．My first impression (impress) of him was bad.
1．Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions，while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.
你内心的声音表达你的个人观点，而外在的声音则从你所听到或所读到的内容来告诉你观点。
2．If you keep paying too much attention to it，you risk missing important information.
如果你一直太关注它，你就有可能错过重要的信息。
3．The answers will lead you to further learning，and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
答案将引导你进一步学习，而问题的解决将帮助你对这个话题有更高的理解。
4．If you try to find out the source of an idea，no matter how crazy it seems，you will increase your chance of learning something.
如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，不管它看起来有多疯狂，你将增加你学习一些东西的机会。
5．This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.
另一方面，也不要以为有些人总是正确的，因为他们是谁，或者仅仅因为他们是你的朋友。
名师圈点
①assume vt.认为；假定，假设
②automatic adj.自动的；无意识的
③take part in 参加；参与
④suggest doing sth.建议做某事
⑤outer adj.外部的，外面的
⑥inner adj.内部的
⑦express vt.表达
⑧personal adj.个人的
⑨in the way of妨碍
⑩pay attention to注意；关注
⑪risk vt.冒险
risk doing sth.冒险做某事
⑫openminded adj.思想开放的；开明的
⑬make decisions做出决定
⑭argue vi.争论，与争吵
argue with与……争吵
⑮flexible adj.灵活的，可变通的
⑯end up以……结束
⑰promote vt.促进，增进
⑱achieve vt.实现；完成
⑲in short简而言之
⑳curious adj.好奇的；有好奇心的
be curious about对……感到好奇
attempt vt.尝试；试图 n．努力，尝试
attempt to尝试
entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地
unlikely adj.不大可能的
aspect n．方面
be based on...以……为根据
dinosaur n．恐龙
exist vi.存在；实际上有
data n．资料；数据
miss out错过；遗漏
opportunity n．机会；机遇
ignore vt.忽视；置之不理
cannot help doing情不自禁地做……
after all毕竟；终究
separate vt.&vi.隔开
adj.不同的；独立的
原文呈现
ACTIVE LEARNING
by Kevin Daum
Most people assume①that the human brain is set on“automatic②”that means it learns all by itself.But this isn't always true.We need to train ourselves to be better learnersto actively take part in③ the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt.These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”．I suggest doing④five things to take an active role in your learning.
1．Listen to the outer⑤voice
There are two kinds of voices：the inner⑥voice and the outer voice.Your inner voice expresses⑦your personal⑧opinions，while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.[1] Although，your inner voice can be useful，it can also get in the way of⑨learning.If you keep paying too much attention to⑩it，you risk missing important information⑪.Instead，active learners are openminded⑫and focus on what the speaker/writer is saying，not on what their brain is saying in the background.In this way，they are in a better position to make decisions⑬.
[1]while是转折连词，表示“然而”；what引导宾语从句作from的宾语。
2．Argue with⑭your inner voice
If you find your inner voice difficult to control，you can argue with it as most active learners do.When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong，think about why the speaker/writer may be right.Be flexible⑮in your opinions and you might end up⑯agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.If not，at least you have “listened to” another point of view.
3．Ask questions
Asking questions is the easiest way to promote⑰active learning.When you get information from someone，from books or the Internet，ask two，three，even five questions about the topic.The answers will lead you to further learning，and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve⑱a higher level of understanding about the topic.In short⑲：Do not stop being curious⑳.
4．Get to the truth
Active learners do not accept everything they learn.They attempt tofind the truth at the heart of each idea.Even when an idea sounds entirelyunlikely，there may be an aspectof it that is based ontruth.So if someone says that dinosaursstill existtoday，think about why they believe this.Where does the idea come from？Do they have enough data to support their views？If you try to find out the source of an idea，no matter how crazy it seems，you will increase your chance of learning something[2]．
[2]no matter how引导让步状语从句。
5．Focus on the message
Many people miss outon learning opportunitiesbecause they let their feelings get in the way.They refuse to learn or ignorewhat is said because of who the speaker/writer is.It is true that we cannot help disliking32some people—this is human nature，after all.But do not forget you can still learn from them.Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.Instead，they separatethe message from the messenger.This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.
译文参考
主动学习
凯文·道姆
大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动的”——这意味着它可以自己学习所有的东西。但这并不总是真的。我们需要训练自己成为更好的学习者，积极参与学习过程并思考我们学过的东西。这种学习行为叫作“主动学习”。为了积极主动地学习，我建议做五件事。
1．听外面的声音
有两种声音：内心的声音和外在的声音。你内心的声音表达你的个人观点，而外在的声音则从你所听到或所读到的内容来告诉你观点。虽然，你内心的声音是有用的，但它也会妨碍学习。如果你一直太关注它，你就有可能错过重要的信息。相反，积极的学习者思想开放，专注于说话者或作者在说什么，而不是他们的大脑在后台说什么。这样，他们就能更好地做出决定。
2．与你内心的声音争论
如果你发现你内心的声音很难控制，你可以像大多数积极的学习者那样与之争论。当你内心的声音告诉你一个说话或作者是错的，想想为什么说话人或作者可能是对的。在你的观点上灵活些，最终你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。如果不是，至少你有“听”另一个观点。
3．提出问题
提问是促进主动学习的最简单的方法。当你从某人那里，从书本或互联网上得到信息，问两个、三个甚至五个关于这个话题的问题。答案将引导你进一步学习，而问题的解决将帮助你对这个话题有更高的理解。简而言之：不要停止好奇。
4．找到真相
积极的学习者不会接受他们所学的一切。他们努力从每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。即使一个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也许有某个方面是基于事实的。所以如果有人说恐龙今天仍然存在，想想他们为什么相信这一点。这个想法是从哪里来的？他们有足够的资料支持他们的观点吗？如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，不管它看起来有多疯狂，你将增加你学习一些东西的机会。
5．专注于信息
许多人错失了学习的机会，因为他们让自己的感情成为障碍。他们拒绝学习或忽视所说的话，因为他是演讲者或作者。的确，我们情不自禁讨厌一些人——这毕竟是人性。但别忘了你仍然可以从中学习。积极的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感觉来判断人。相反，他们把信息和信使分开。另一方面，也不要以为有些人总是正确的，因为他们是谁，或者仅仅因为他们是你的朋友。
速读P52－53教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．It is always wrong to assume that the human brain is set to be “automatic”．
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．The outer voice expresses your personal opinions.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．If you pay too much attention to your inner voice，you are at the risk of missing important information.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Active learners can argue with their inner voice.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Many people lose learning chances because they let their feelings get in the way.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BBAAA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息
A．why the speaker/writer may be right
B．why they believe this
C．what you hear or read
D．that means it learns all by itself
E．what the speaker/writer is saying
1．Most people assume that the human brain is set to be “automatic”— ．
2．The outer voice tells you about opinions from ．
3．Active learners are openminded and focus on ．
4．When your inner voice tells you a speaker/writer is wrong，think about ．
5．If someone says that dinosaurs still exist today，think about ．
[答案] 1－5 DCEAB
Ⅲ.表格填空
ACTIVE LEARNING
Listen to the outer voice
Inner voice expresses your personal opinions；1.outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read.Inner voice can get in the way of learning.Active learners focus on 2.what the speaker/writer is saying.
Argue with your inner voice
Argue with your inner voice as most 3.active learners do.Be 4.flexible in your opinions.If not，at least you have “listened to” another point of view.
Ask questions
Asking questions is the easiest way to 5.promote active learning.Ask questions about the topic and the 6.answers will lead you to further learning.Do not stop being 7.curious.
Get to the truth
Attempt to find the 8.truth at the heart of each idea，you will increase your chance of learning something.
Focus on the message
Do not judge people based on first 9.impressions or personal feelings.Separate the message from the 10.messenger.
细读P52－53教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1 A．Ask questions.
2．Para.2 B．Get to the truth.
3．Para.3 C．Listen to the outer voice.
4．Para.4 D．Focus on the message.
5．Para.5 E．Argue with your inner voice.
6．Para.6 F．The introduction of “active
learning”．
[答案] 1－6 FCEABD
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What is active learning?
A．To learn all by itself.
B．To train ourselves and take part in the learning process.
C．To suggest doing something.
D．To assume something.
2．What's the result if you attach great importance to your inner voice?
A．You will miss important information.
B．You will be openminded.
C．You will focus on what the speaker/writer is saying.
D．You will make better decisions.
3．What will active learners do if their inner voice is difficult to control?
A．They will think about the outer voice.
B．They will argue with it.
C．They will end up disagreeing with the speaker/writer.
D．They will stick to the view of theirs.
4．According to the passage，which one is NOT true?
A．Asking questions will lead you to further learning.
B．Working out questions will help you achieve a higher level of understanding.
C．Stopping being curious.
D．Not to accept everything you learn.
5．What can we learn from the text?
A．The outer voice expresses your personal opinions.
B．Active learners focus on what their brain is saying in the background.
C．Active learners accept everything they learn.
D．Active learners don't judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.
[答案] 1－5 BABCD
Ⅲ.读后续写/概要写作微技能
A．阅读课文中含有给出建议的语句。
1．I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning.
2．In short：Do not stop being curious.
3．Do not just assume that some people are always right.
B．判断下列语句中哪些不是给出建议的语句。
1．If you keep paying too much attention to it，you risk missing important information.
2．Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
3．Active learners do not accept everything they learn.
[答案] 1；3
1．reflect vt.&vi.仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映→reflection n．映射；发射；思考→reflective adj.沉思的；深思的；典型的
2．assume vt.认为；假定，假设→assumption n．假定；假设→assumed adj.假设的；假定的
3．argue vi.争吵，争论→argument n．争论，争吵
4．base vt.基础；以……为根据n.根基；底部；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的；简单的
5．ignore vt.忽视；置之不理→ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的→ignorance n．无知；愚昧
6．impress vt.给……留下印象；使铭记→impression n．印象；感想→impressive adj.令人钦佩的，给人印象深刻的
1．reflect vt.& vi.反射，映射；反映；表达(意见)；仔细思考
①The sea reflected back the bright sunlight. 反射
②Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.
反映；表达
③On the way home he reflected that the interview had gone well.
仔细思考
2．ignore vt.忽视；忽略；置之不理
①He ignored all the “No parking” signals and parked his car here.
忽视
②She ignored him and carried on with her work. 置之不理
Words and Phrases
reflect vi.& vt.反映；反射；仔细思考；表达(意见)；沉思
(教材P52) to reflect on思考
[例1] The sunlight reflected off the snowcovered mountains.
阳光从被雪覆盖的山峦反射回来。
[例2] His image was reflected many times in the mirror.
他的影像在那面镜子里多次反射出来。
[造句] 我们都应该给自己时间来深思。
We should all give ourselves time to reflect.
[知识拓展]
(1)reflect sb./ sth.in sth. 映出；反映
reflect on/upon 仔细想；考虑；反省
reflect that... 思考……
(2)reflection n. 反映；反射；映像；
沉思；深思；思考
a reflection on... 反映了……
on reflection 经再三思考
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She could see herself reflected in his eyes.
②I'm sitting in the small yard，reflecting on the plan.
③The moon looks bright because of the reflection(reflect) of light.
[小片段助记]
This is a good time to reflect on who you are too.How is God's image reflected in your relationships?
argue vi.争论，争吵；论证；证明
(教材P52) Argue with your inner voice
与你内心的声音争论
[例1] We're always arguing with each other.
我们总是互相争论。
[例2] He argued that they needed more time to finish the project.
他表明他们需要更多的时间来完成该项目。
[造句] 最近的事态发展表明政府改变了政策。
These latest developments argue a change in government policy.
[知识拓展]
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth.
与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth. 为支持/反对某事而辩论
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n. 理由；论据；争论
beyond argument 无需争论
have an argument with...over/about
就……和……争论
get into an argument with 和……争论
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They argued for the right to strike.
②It's no use arguing about the question with him for he won't change his opinion.
③They argued him into cycling(cycle) instead of driving there.
[小片段助记]
The workers，who argued for their own rights，argued with the boss for a few days，but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages.
assume vt.认为；假定，假设；承担(责任)
(教材P52) Most people assume that the human brain is set on“automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.大多数人认为人类的大脑是“自动的”——这意味着它可以自己学习所有的东西。
[例1] Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
咱们暂时假设计划成功。
[例2] People assume they know me through and through the moment we meet.
人们一见到我，就自以为对我了如指掌了。
[造句] 法庭承担了保障这个女孩福利的责任。
The court assumed the responsibility for the girl's welfare.
[知识拓展]
(1)assume＋n.＋(to be)n./adj. 认为……是……
It is (generally) assumed that... 人们(普遍)认为……
(2)assumption n. 假定，假设
make assumptions about... 假定……
on the assumption that... 假定……
(3)assuming (that)...＝supposing (that)...
假定……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is assumed that there is a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.
②We assume him to be (be) innocent before hearing the evidence against it.
③Assuming (assume) the house is for sale, would you buy it?
④A lot of people make an assumption(assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World.
end up doing最后；最终
(教材P53) Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
在你的观点上灵活些，最终你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。
[例1] If you don't know what you want，you might end up getting something you don't want.
如果你不知道自己想要什么，到头来你可能得非所愿。
[例2] If you always give in to others you will end up feeling like a doormat.
如果你总是屈服于人，你最终会觉得自己像一个受气包。
[造句] 消费者最终承担这笔额外成本。
Consumers end up bearing this extra cost.
[知识拓展]
end up 结束；告终
end up with 以……结束，以……告终
end up as 最后成为
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It is possible that one day we will end up with a disability.
②They win no one's trust and will end up having (have)no friends at all.
③Stop spending so fast，or you'll end up as a beggar.
[名师点津]
end up后面可以跟形容词、介词短语动词ing形式作状语。
work out制定出；锻炼身体，做运动；计算出；弄懂某事物；进展
(教材P53) The answers will lead you to further learning，and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic.
答案将引导你进一步学习，而问题的解决将帮助你对这个话题有更高的理解。
[例1] To work out a plan，one has to start with investigation.
制定计划要从调研入手。
[例2] The price per pound works out at ￡3.20.
每磅价格合计3.20英镑。
[造句] 谈判人员定于今天晚些时候进行会面，商定一个折中方案。
Negotiators are due to meet later today to work out a compromise.
[知识拓展]
work at 从事；致力于，钻研
work for 为……工作，为……做事
work off 除去；解除
work on 继续工作；影响；从事
work over 检查；研究
work with 与……共事，与……合作
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I have had to work for every single penny I earned.
②I spent some time (in) working over these books.
attempt v．& n．尝试；试图；努力
(教材P53) They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.
他们努力从在每个观点最核心的地方寻找真相。
[例1] I passed my driving test at the first attempt.
我考汽车驾驶执照一次就通过了。
[例2] I will attempt to answer all your questions.
我将努力回答你的全部问题。
[造句] 他试图掌控公司，但以失败告终。
He failed in his attempt to take control of the company.
[知识拓展]
(1)attempt to do sth. 试图/努力做某事
attempt doing sth. 试着做某事
(2)at the/one's first attempt 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do(sth.) 试图做某事
make an/no attempt to do(sth.) 企图做某事/没有做某事的企图
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Not many people can answer this question at the first attempt.
②The climbers will make an attempt to reach(reach) the summit today.
③Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.
base n．基础；以……为根据；根基；底座；源泉vt.以……为据点(或总部等)；把(总部等)设在
(教材P53) Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely，there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth.
即使一个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也许有某个方面是基于事实的。
[例1] The harbour is an important naval base.
该港是一个重要的海军基地。
[例2] But if we want to base action on evidence and answers，we are only at the start.
但如果我们想以证据和答案作为行动基础，这才刚刚开始。
[造句] 上海是中国最重要的工业基地。
Shanghai is the most important industrial base of China.
[知识拓展]
(1)base...on/upon... 把……建立在……；以……为根据
be based on/upon 以……为根据/基础
(2)basis n. 基础；原因；基准，准则
on the basis of... 在……基础上
(3)basic adj. 基础的；基本的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Canadian libel law is based(base) on English common law.
②Some videos have been banned on the basis(base) that they are too violent.
③Hospitals lack even basic(base) drugs for surgical operations.
[小片段助记]
The basis of the theory is based on the research conducted by the famous professor.On the basis of it, we can put it into effect in many fields of our life.
exist vi.存在；实际上有；生存
(教材P53) So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today，think about why they believe this.
所以如果有人说恐龙今天仍然存在，想想他们为什么相信这一点。
[例1] The problem only exists in your head，Jane.
这个问题不过是你的想象，简。
[例2] They can't exist on the money he's earning.
他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。
[造句] 他认为自己看不见的东西就不存在。
He thought that if he couldn't see something，it didn't exist.
[知识拓展]
(1)exist in 存在于……之中
exist on＝live on 靠……为生
There exist... 有……，存在……
(2)existence n. 存在；生存
in existence 存在
out of existence 消失
come into existence 出现，产生
bring into existence 使……出现/产生
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We often report problems that exist in the work.
②It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income.
③New companies come into existence(exist) every year.
ignore vt.忽视；置之不理；不理会，不顾
(教材P53) They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker/writer is.
他们拒绝学习或忽视所说的话，因为他是演讲者或作者。
[例1] I made a suggestion but they chose to ignore it.
我提了个建议，但他们不予理会。
[例2] The government had ignored his views on the subject.
政府没有理睬他对这一问题的看法。
[造句] 这些是事实，不能视而不见。
These are facts and you can't just ignore them.
[知识拓展]
(1)ignorant adj. (对某事物)不了解的；无知的
be ignorant of/about sth. 不知道/没有意识到某事
(2)ignorance n. 无知；愚昧；不知道
be in ignorance of/about sth. 不知道某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I said hello to her，but she ignored (ignore) me completely.
②To say you were ignorant of/about the rules is no excuse.
③If he did wrong，it was only through ignorance(ignore)．
[小片段助记]
The design completely ignored the concept, because the designer was ignorant of it.His ignorance caused the company a great loss.
impression n．印象；感想
(教材P53) Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings.
积极的学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感觉来判断人。
[例1] It made a very forceful impression on me.
它给我留下深刻的印象。
[例2] What were your first impressions of college?
你对大学的第一印象是什么？
[造句] 他告诉了我他的计划，给我留下了一个好印象。
He has told me his plans and made a good impression on me.
[知识拓展]
(1)have/get a good/bad/deep impression on
对……有好的/坏的/深刻的印象
leave/make a good/bad/deep impression on
给……留下好的/坏的/深刻的印象
(2)impress vt. 给……留下印象；印上
impress sb.with sth. 使某人铭记某事；用……打动
be impressed with... 对……印象深刻
impress sth.on sth./sb./one's mind
把某物印在某物上/使某人铭记某事
(3)impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We left/made the impression on audience that we were determined to win.
②He impressed her with his honesty.
③Our teacher impressed the importance of knowledge on us.
④The general is an impressive(impress) man.
[小片段助记]
Shenzhen impresses tourists from home and abroad.First，they have a good impression on the city's road and traffic.Besides，the city impresses its friendliness and hospitality upon their minds.Above all，many places of interest in this city are very impressive，such as Window of the World，the Happy Valley and so on.
Sentence Patterns
部分否定
(教材P52) But this isn't always true.
但这并不总是真的。
[句式分析]
[例1] The world is not always what we wish it to be.
世界并不总是如我们所愿。
[例2] I don't always stay at the same hotel.
我并不总住在同一家旅馆。
[造句] 新目标并不总是与现行政策一致。
New goals are not always consistent with the existing policies.
[知识拓展]
部分否定：某些表示全体意义的代词、形容词、副词与not连用表示部分否定，如代词all，both和形容词whole，every等所修饰的名词词组，包括every所构成的复合代词。某些副词如altogether，entirely，wholly，quite等也是如此。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①这两姐妹并不都喜欢这部电影。
Both of the sisters don't like the film．
②我们不全都来自农村。
Not all of us come from the countryside.
祈使句＋and＋陈述句
(教材P53) Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
在你的观点上灵活些，最终你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。
[句式分析]
本句使用了“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，祈使句表示条件或假设，相当于if引导的条件状语从句；陈述句表示结果或推论。and表示递进关系，含有“那么”之意。
[例1] Hurry up，and you will catch the bus.
快点，你就会赶上那班公共汽车。
[例2] Work hard and you will succeed.
努力工作你就会成功。
[造句] 再给我一个小时，我就会完成工作。
Give me one more hour，and I'll get the work finished.
[知识拓展]
祈使句＋and ＋简单句
祈使句＋or＋简单句
名词短语＋and＋简单句
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Hurry up，or you will not be able to catch the first bus.
②One more minute，and I will finish my paper.
教材
高考
1.to reflect on
(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
2.Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.
(2020·北京卷)They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were smarter than the Neanderthals.
3.Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.
(2020·北京卷) Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
4.They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea.
(2020·浙江卷)Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in, through agriculture.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．More effort，and you will succeed.
2．The increase in crime is a sad reflection(reflect) on our society today.
3．Assuming(assume) it's possible，how much information can we send?
4．There's a strong argument(argue) for lowering the price.
5．She dreamed of a different life but ended up living(live) in a country far away from the city.
6．One of the first questions they attempted to answer(answer) was where does stability come from?
7．Now look at a few of them and some basic(base) examples of using them.
8．You may be stuck with a miserable existence(exist) for the rest of your life.
9．I met some ignorant(ignore) people who called me all kinds of names.
10．The results I have seen show an impressive(impress) and rapid impact on health outcomes.
Ⅱ.短语填空
brush up；reflect on；argue with；work out；in short；attempt to；be based on；at the heart of
1．For some teachers，half of their rating is based on how well their students do.
2．Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium.
3．Money lies at the heart of the debate over airline safety.
4．I could have brushed up a bit more on my facts before I met him.
5．The spy attempted to escape to a neighbouring country.
6．I argued with him for hours，but had to give up in the end.
7．As I waved goodbye to them，I reflected on the significance of what I had seen.
8. In short，this is a time for us to be pragmatic，but also optimistic.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Anyone can be an active learner if he/she trains actively.Active learners don't pay too much attention 1.to the inner voice because it can stop them from fully 2.understanding (understand) what they're hearing or reading.3.To be(be) an active learner, you can also react to your inner voice, for example, arguing with your inner voice, and questioning your point of view.Ask as many 4.questions (question) as you can because the answers will lead you 5.to further learning, and the way of 6.working (work) out questions will help you 7.to achieve (achieve) a higher level of understanding about the topic.Don't accept everything you learn and try to find the 8. truth(true) at the heart of each idea so you can understand why people believe this.Finally, don't let your feelings get in the way when you're learning.Even if you cannot help 9.disliking(dislike) some people, you may still be able to learn 10.from them.
v．ing或不定式作宾语
[观察例句]
1．I want to have a walk after supper.
2．He considered it his duty to support his family.
3．She doesn't know how to run the machine.
4．I did remember seeing him somewhere last Sunday.
5．Before class，you will be asked to stop talking and smoking.
6．Would you mind opening the window for me?
[归纳用法]
1．下列动词常接不定式作宾语
三个希望两答应(hope，wish，want，agree，promise)
两个要求莫拒绝 (demand，ask，refuse)
设法学会做决定 (manage，learn，decide)
不要假装在选择 (pretend，choose)
afford，agree，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，beg，choose，claim，dare，decide，demand，deserve，determine，expect，fail，fear，get，guarantee，hate，help，hope，hurry，intend，learn，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，seem，tend，threaten，want，wish，swear
＋ to do sth.
They agreed to give it to me the next day.
They hope to find new resources for mankind.
I demand to see your director.
I happened to know the answer to your question.
To my disappointment，my father doesn't agree to buy me a new bike.
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①I expected to meet(meet) your friend，but my car broke down on the way.
②The flu is believed to be caused(cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
③Remember to put(put) back the magazine when you finish reading it.
2．下列动词常跟动名词作宾语
admit，advise，allow，anticipate，appreciate，avoid，ban，confess，consider，delay，deny，detest，dislike，encourage，endure，enjoy，ensure，escape，excuse，face，fancy，feel like，finish，forbid，forgive，give up，imagine，involve，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，omit，pardon，permit，postpone，practice，prevent，put off，quit，recall，recommend，report，resist，risk，save，suggest，tolerate，understand，can't help，can't resist (忍不住)
＋ doing
I admitted breaking the window.
We are considering moving to Seattle.
Would you mind turning off the light in the room?
Have you finished reading the book?
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①He got well prepared for the job interview，for he couldn't risk losing(lose) the good opportunity.
②We are considering making(make) a new decision.
③Our monitor suggested having(have) a discussion on the new holiday plan.
3．下列动词之后，既可跟不定式作宾语，又可跟动词ing形式作宾语，含义有细微差别
★love，like，hate，prefer，dislike
表经常性的、习惯性的行为多用动词ing形式作这类动词的宾语；表具体、某次特定的、带将来意味的行为多用不定式作这类动词的宾语。
I like swimming，but I don't like to swim today. (前者表经常性的行为，后者表示一次具体的行为)
★begin，start，continue
如强调“有意识”行为，多跟doing形式作宾语；如强调“无意识”行为，多跟to do作宾语；
当这三个词用于进行时态时，后面跟to do为佳；
当这三个词之后跟表示“精神状态或心理活动”的词时，只能跟to do作宾语。
I started learning English when I was ten. (表示有意识的行为)
It began to rain when I got home last night. (表示无意识的行为)
The bus is starting to run. (进行时，跟不定式)
I continue to feel sick. (表心理活动)
I begin to doubt his honesty. (表心理活动)
★want，need，require
句型sb./sth.want/need/require doing意为“某人/某物需要……”。动词ing形式与句子主语在逻辑上含动宾关系，用主动形式表被动含义，此句中的doing可用to be done代替。
My bike needs repairing.＝My bike needs to be repaired.
The old man requires looking after.＝The old man requires to be looked after.
句型 sb.want/need/require to do意为“某人想要做……”。不定式与句子主语在逻辑上含主谓关系。
She wants to talk with me.
remember to do sth.记住要做某事(不定式表示行为尚未发生)
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(动词ing形式表示行为已经发生)
forget to do sth.忘记了要做某事(不定式表示行为尚未执行)
forget doing sth.忘记了做过某事(动词ing形式表示行为已经执行)
regret to do sth.对要做的事感到抱歉(不定式表示行为紧跟在regret之后发生)
regret doing sth.后悔做过某事(动词ing形式表示行为发生在regret之前)
try to do sth.尽力做某事，努力做某事(不定式表示设法完成某种困难较大的事)
try doing sth.试着做某事(动词ing形式强调方法是否得当，看看会发生什么)
can't help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事
can't help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
go on to do sth.(已做完一件事)接着做(另一件事)
go on doing sth.继续做同一件事
stop to do sth.(停止一件事)接着做(另一件事)
stop doing sth.停止做某事
mean to do sth.打算做……(主语为人)
mean doing sth.做某事意味着做……(主语为物)
4．疑问词之后接不定式，不接动词ing形式。下列动词后常接“疑问词 ＋ 不定式”。
疑问词(也称连接代/副词)有：what，where，who(m)，when，how，whether，which(why 除外，why not do)
tell，advise，show，teach，find out，decide，discuss，learn，forget，inquire，know，explain，remember，see，understand，wonder
＋ wh疑问词 ＋to do sth.
She will tell you which bus to take.
Have you decided when to start?
He doesn't know what to do.
如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用“it”作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。如下列动词：
think/believe/consider/find/feel/know/make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.
I found it necessary to talk to him again.
I find it difficult to understand him.
We thought it wrong not to help her.
They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
I know it impossible to finish so much homework in a day.
He makes it a rule to give short speeches.
I find it easy to get on with her.
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①I remember meeting(meet) her somewhere before.
②We love having (have) a swim in the sea every afternoon.
③I'd like to have (have) a cup of coffee with sugar and milk.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I am sorry to miss catching(catch) the first bus.
2．I am considering going(go) there by bicycle.
3．He finished reading(read) the novel in two days.
4．Do remember to meet(meet) her at the station tomorrow.
5．We'd love to have(have) a swim in the sea this afternoon.
6．She doesn't know how to run(run) the machine.
7．I want to listen(listen) to some music after class.
8．Would you like to go(go) with me or would you rather stay at home?
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
I want the best for my kids，as any parent 1.does (do)．I occasionally need 2.to remind(remind) myself that they are their own little people on their own journeys in life.
As parents it's our responsibility 3.to teach(teach)，guide and encourage our kids.If we do our job right they are most likely 4.to become(become) responsible contributing members of society.
The old 5.saying(say) that “the apple doesn't fall far from the tree”，is an understatement at best.Truth is that children learn how 6.to behave(behave)，act，and deal with life situations first and foremost by 7.watching(watch) their parents.If dad sits on the couch all day and doesn't lift a finger 8.to help(help) with housework，chances are his own son (and daughter) will grow up 9.believing(believe) this is how people are supposed 10.to act(act)．
To tell the truth，I suggest learning more from carefree，cute kids.
相关学案
高中英语Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots学案及答案： 这是一份高中英语Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots学案及答案，共17页。
高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 7 ArtLesson 1 Masterpieces导学案： 这是一份高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 7 ArtLesson 1 Masterpieces导学案，共18页。
高中北师大版 (2019)Lesson 3 The Secrets of Your Memory导学案： 这是一份高中北师大版 (2019)Lesson 3 The Secrets of Your Memory导学案，共21页。
