高中英语Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots学案及答案

这是一份高中英语Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots学案及答案，共17页。

Unit 8 Green Living

Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
(　　)1.electricity　 A．n.基础；地基
(　　)2.firm B．n.树根
(　　)3.institute C．adj.坚实的；稳固的
(　　)4.foundation D．n.电
(　　)5.root E．n.机构；研究院
[答案]　1－5　DCEAB
B．短语匹配
(　　)1.make a difference A．尽自己所能做某事
(　　)2.not be bothered to do sth.
B．致力于
(　　)3.take action C．起作用；产生重大影响
(　　)4.do my part for sth. D．懒得做某事
(　　)5.be committed to E．采取行动
[答案]　1－5　CDEAB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．smog n. 雾霾
2．ocean n. 海洋，大海
3．extinction n. 灭绝
4．transport n. 交通运输系统，运输方式
5．recycle vi.&vt. 再利用，回收利用
6．flat n. 一套公寓房，一套住房
adj. 平坦的
7．shoot n. 芽，苗；嫩枝
　 vt. 射中；射击
8．brick n. 砖，砖块
9．desert n. 沙漠
10．carbon n. 碳

Ⅰ.语境填词
desert；balance；recycle；battery；foundation；extinction；firm；transport；institute；global
1．We should recycle garbage，not burn it.
2．Respect and love provide a solid foundation for marriage.
3．If you have to climb up，use a firm platform or a sturdy ladder.
4．There is a middle school attached to the institute．
5．We need to take a more global approach to the problem.
6．Try to keep a balance between work and relaxation.
7．An efficient transport system is critical to the long­term future of London.
8．They have driven the rhino to the edge of extinction．
9．The vehicles have been modified to suit conditions in the desert．
10．The man in the garage said he would charge up my car battery．
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Climate change is a terrible problem and it absolutely (absolute) needs to be solved.
2．Will global(globe) warming mean the spread of tropical parasitic diseases?
3．The government's industrial(industry) policy has been fiercely attacked by the left.
4．Most of us need to lead more balanced(balance) lives to be healthy and happy.
5．All this has happened because you couldn't be bothered (bother)to give me the message.
6．Fruit juices can be harmful(harm) to children's teeth.
7．It is now firmly(firm) established as one of the leading brands in the country.
8．We need to examine all the costs involved(involve) in the project first.

1．Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.
比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。
2．To inspire young people to take action for the environment，animals and their community，Roots & Shoots was established.
为了鼓励年轻人对环境、动物及其社区采取行动，建立了“根和芽”组织。
3．The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation，and shoots seem small and weak，but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.
这个组织被称为“根和芽”，因为树根在地下缓慢移动以形成坚实的基础，而嫩枝看起来又小又弱，但它们可以打破砖墙，以达到光明。
4．Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a better place to live in.
成百上千的根和芽可以解决问题，改变世界，使之成为一个更适合居住的地方。
5．That's what Roots & Shoots is all about：the value and importance of each individual—human，animal or plant.
这就是“根和芽”的全部意义：每个人、动物或植物的价值和重要性。

名师圈点
①suffer from 患有；遭受
②just­me­ism以自我为中心
③brush vt.刷净；刷亮
④litter n．垃圾
⑤not be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事
⑥so what 那又怎么样
⑦millions of数百万
⑧matter vi.要紧；有影响
⑨anyway adv.无论如何；不管怎么样
⑩gallon n．加仑
⑪harmful adj.有害的；可致伤害的
⑫take action采取行动；采取措施
⑬establish vt.建立；确立
⑭institute n．机构；研究院
⑮Jane Goodall珍·古道尔——世界上拥有极高声誉的动物学家，致力于野生动物的研究、教育和保护。她二十多岁时前往非洲的原始森林，为了观察黑猩猩，度过了三十八年的野外生涯。她奔走于世界各地，呼吁人们保护野生动物、保护地球环境。
⑯chimpanzee n．黑猩猩
⑰whole­heartedly adv.全心全意地；一心一意地
⑱be committed to致力于
⑲secure adj.安全的
⑳firm adj.坚实的；稳固的
foundation n．基础；地基
brick n．砖；砖块
wag vt.&vi.(狗)摇(尾巴)
thirsty adj.渴的；饥渴的
individual n．个人
make a difference 起作用；产生重大影响
原文呈现
ROOTS & SHOOTS
Most people suffer from①what is known as “Just­me­ism”②.What is that？Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush③your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter ④and can't be bothered to⑤pick it up.You know that all those things are wrong，but so what⑥？“What difference can it possibly make？”you say to yourself.“There are millions of ⑦people in the world and I'm just me.How can it matter⑧if I leave one little tap running，one little light on or leave a little piece of litter on the road？And anyway⑨，no one will know.”Of course，it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world.But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves：“It doesn't matter.It's just me.And，anyway，no one knows.”Millions of gallons⑩of water would be wasted；millions of lights would be left on；millions of pieces of litter would be dropped.And all of this would be very harmful⑪.
To inspire young people to take action⑫for the environment，animals and their community，Roots & Shoots was established⑬.This institute⑭was set up in the early 1990s by Dr.Jane Goodall⑮，a scientist who's the world's best­known expert on wild chimpanzees⑯.In addition to her research，she has been whole­heartedly⑰committed to⑱environmental protection.The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people，from pre­schoolers to university students，so they can help to build a future that is secure ⑲and live together in peace with nature.
The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm⑳foundation，and shoots seem small and weak，but they can break open brickwalls to reach the light.The roots and shoots are you，your friends and young people all around the world.Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a better place to live in.
Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile，when you make a dog wagits tail，and when you water a thirstyplant？One cheered­up person，one happy dog，one flowering plant，and you.That's what Roots & Shoots is all about：the value and importance of each individual—human，animal or plant.Dr.Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that：“Every individual matters.Every individual has a role to play.Every individual makes a difference.”You get to choose：Do you want to use your life to make the world a better place for people，animals and the environment？Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart？Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared future？You cannot be absent.
译文参考
根和芽
大多数人都患有所谓的“唯我主义”。那是什么？比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。你知道所有这些都是错的，但那又怎样？“有什么影响吗？”你对自己说。“世界上有数百万人，我只是我。如果我让一个小水龙头开着，一盏小灯点着，一小块垃圾留在路上，那又有什么关系呢？不管怎样，没人会知道的。”当然，如果世界上只有几个人也没关系。但想想所有数百万人对自己说：“没关系。只有我。而且，无论如何，没人知道。”数百万加仑的水会被浪费掉，数百万盏灯会一直亮着，数百万块垃圾会被丢弃，这一切将是非常有害的。
为了鼓励年轻人对环境、动物及其社区采取行动，建立了“根和芽”组织。这个研究所是由世界上最著名的野生黑猩猩专家、科学家珍·古道尔博士在20世纪90年代初建立的。除了自己的科研，她还全身心地投入环保事业。“根和芽”的全部目的是教育年轻人，从学前儿童到大学生，使他们能够帮助建设一个安全的未来，并与自然和平共处。
这个组织被称为“根和芽”，因为树根在地下缓慢移动以形成坚实的基础，而嫩枝看起来又小又弱，但它们可以打破砖墙，以达到光明。根和芽是你和你的朋友以及全世界的年轻人。成百上千的根和芽可以解决问题，改变世界，使之成为一个更适合居住的地方。
当你让一个悲伤的人微笑时，你认为你有助于使世界变得更美好吗？当你让狗摇尾巴的时候？当你给干渴的植物浇水时？一个振作起来的人，一只快乐的狗，一棵开花的植物，还有你。这就是“根和芽”的全部意义：每个人、动物或植物的价值和重要性。珍·古道尔博士认为，最重要的是：“每个人都很重要。每个人都有自己的角色。每个人都起重要作用。”你可以选择：你想用你的生命让世界变得对人、动物和环境更美好吗？你想让“根和芽”扎根于每个人的心中吗？你想成为分享未来的社会的一分子吗？你不可能缺席。


速读P31教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．It doesn't matter to drop a piece of litter.
A．Right.　　　B．Wrong.　　　C．Not mentioned.
2．Roots & Shoots was established to inspire people to take measures to protect the environment.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Jane Goodall is a scientist and expert on wild chimpanzees.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．According to the passage，roots can break obstacles to reach light.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Roots & Shoots lays stress on the value of each individual.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案]　1－5　BAABA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．who's the world's best­known expert on wild chimpanzees
B．that is secure and live together in peace with nature
C．what is known as “Just­me­ism”
D．while you brush your teeth
E．if there were just a few people in the world
1．Most people suffer from ．
2．Well，say you leave the tap running ．
3．It wouldn't matter ．
4．This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr.Jane Goodall，a scientist ．
5．The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people，from pre­schoolers to university students，so they can help to build a future ．
[答案]　1－5　CDEAB
Ⅲ.表格填空
ROOTS & SHOOTS
Just­me­ism
Leave the tap 1.running while you brush your teeth；Leave a light 2.on when you go out；Drop a piece of 3.litter but do not pick it up.
The establishment of it
Jane Goodall，who is the best­known expert on wild 4.chimpanzees，set up Roots & Shoots.Its purpose is to educate young people to help to build a 5.future that is secure and live together in peace with nature.
The 6.reason for its name
Roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm 7.foundation.
Shoots seem small and weak，but they can break open brick walls to reach the 8.light.
Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it 9.a better place to live in.
What is it about？
The value and importance of each 10.individual—human，animal or plant.


细读P31教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Part 1 (Para.1)　　　 A．The meaning of its name.
2．Part 2 (Para.2)　 B．What is“Just­me­ism”？
3．Part 3 (Paras.3～4)　　 C．The establishment of Roots
& Shoots.
[答案]　1－3　BCA
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．According to the passage，which is not a phenomenon about “Just­me­ism”？
A．Leaving the tap running while you brush your teeth.
B．Dropping a piece of litter.
C．Suffering from a disease.
D．Leaving a light on when you go out.
2．According to the passage，Jane Goodall did many things except ．
A．founding Roots & Shoots
B．being committed to environmental protection
C．educating young students
D．researching wild chimpanzees
3．What does Jane Goodall mean by saying “Every individual matters.”？
A．Every person can solve difficult matters.
B．Every person can make a difference to make the world a better place.
C．Every person can found his own organisation.
D．Every person can do their own research.
4．What's the purpose of Roots & Shoots?
A．To educate old people.
B．To educate young people.
C．To educate middle­aged people.
D．To educate children.
[答案]　1－4　CCBB
Ⅲ.读后续写/概要写作微技能
A．阅读课文中含有描述观点态度的语句。
1．It's just me.
2．Every individual has a role to play.
3．Every individual makes a difference.
B．判断下列语句中哪些不是描述观点态度的语句。
1．Most people suffer from what is known as “Just­me­ism”．
2．How can it matter if I leave one little tap running?
3．The roots and shoots are you，your friends...

[答案]　1，3


1．industry n．工业；生产制造→industrial adj.工业的
2．balance n．平衡→balanced adj.平衡的；均衡的
3．bother vt.使(某人)烦恼(或担忧、不安)；给(某人)造成麻烦(或痛苦)；打扰；→bothered adj.担心的；烦恼的
4．firm adj.坚实的；稳固的→firmly adv.坚实地；稳固地
5．involve vt.参与；包含→involved adj.作为一部分；有关联；关注；关系密切

firm adj.坚实的；稳固的；强硬的；牢固的 n．公司；商号v.使强壮；(股票、物价等)稳步上涨
①Bake the cakes until they are firm to the touch.
adj.坚实的；稳固的
②A foreign firm has bought the shares in his company. n.公司
③This product claims to firm your body in six weeks. v.使强壮
④We need to take a firm line on tobacco advertising. adj.强硬的
⑤This book will give your students a firm grasp of English grammar. adj.牢固的

Words and Phrases
　 balance n．平衡；天平v.保持平衡；权衡
(教材P28)　maintaining the balance between human and nature
保持人与自然的平衡
[例1]　I struggled to keep my balance on my new skates.
我穿着新溜冰鞋，努力保持平衡。
[例2]　How long can you balance on one leg?
你单腿能站多久？
[造句]　政府得找到某种方法来平衡这两种需求。
The government has to find some way to balance these two needs.
[知识拓展]
(1)keep the balance of nature 保持自然界的平衡
a pair of balance 一副天平
be out of balance 失去平衡
lose/keep one's balance 失去/保持平衡
on balance 权衡之后，总的来说
(2)balanced adj. 保持平衡的；显示平衡的
(3)balance sth. against sth. 权衡；斟酌；比较
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①We should keep the balance of nature.
②The key is to develop a balanced(balance) and varied program that is fun as well as progressive.
③On balance，we remain cautious about the prospects for US equities.
④You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.
[小片段助记]
On balance, she is one of the best players on the balance beam.To keep her figure, she has a balanced diet in her daily life.At one time, in one competition, she lost her balance and failed in the competition.
　 bothered adj.担心的；烦恼的
(教材P30)　Drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.
丢了垃圾就懒得捡了。
[例1]　I just can't be bothered to look after the house.
我就是不想费事照看这所房子。
[例2]　I couldn't be bothered to go through the rigmarole of changing clothes.
我不想再费事儿换衣服了。
[造句]　我懒得化妆。
I can't be bothered to make up my face.
[知识拓展]
(1)be bothered to do　　 费心做某事
(2)bother vt. 打扰；烦扰
　 n. 麻烦；不便
bother sb.with/about sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother about sth. 为某事烦恼
bother to do sth. 特意/特地做某事
have much bother (in) doing sth.
做某事有麻烦/费劲
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①I don't want to bother her with/about my problems at the moment.
②Tourists do not need to bother about transportation and lunch.
③I had no bother (in) finding(find) your house.
　 harmful adj.有害的；可致伤害的
(教材P31)　And all of this would be very harmful.
这一切将是非常有害的。
[例1]　Many household products are potentially harmful.
很多家用产品有潜在的害处。
[例2]　The new drug has proved to have harmful side effects.
这种新药有副作用。
[造句]　凡是损害公共利益的行为，都应该制止。
Any conduct harmful to the public interest must not be permitted.
[知识拓展]
(1)be harmful to...　 对……有害
(2)harm n. 损害，伤害
　 　 vt. 伤害，损害
do sb.harm＝do harm to sb. 对某人有害
There is no harm in doing sth. 不妨做某事
it does no harm to do sth. 不妨做某事
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It does no harm to think twice before buying the products advertised by the stars.
②Do you think that work without rest will do harm to your health?
③There is no harm in using(use) the environmentally friendly products.
[小片段助记]
Plastic is harmful to the environment.The harm may not be realised by most people, but it does do harm to us everywhere.
　 be committed to投入；承担；致力于；完全旨在
(教材P31)　In addition to her research，she has been whole­heartedly committed to environmental protection.
除了自己的科研，她还全身心地投入环保事业。
[例1]　All of us，myself included，have been totally committed to the Party.
我们大家，包括我本人在内，一直都对党绝对忠诚。
[例2]　The government is committed to protecting the interests of tenants.
政府承诺保护租户们的利益。
[造句]　那位医生致力于实用医学。
The doctor was/is committed to practical medicine.
[知识拓展]
commit vt.　 投入，犯(罪)；做(错事等)；
把……委托于，交付
commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth.
承诺某人/自己(做)某事
commit sb./oneself to do sth. 承诺某人/自己做某事
commit to... 忠于……，全身心地投入……
commit a crime 犯罪
commit suicide 自杀
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①The President is committed to reforming(reform) health care.
②He committed himself(him) to the study of plants.
[名师点津]
commit oneself to(doing)sth.表示“专心致志于……”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
　make a difference 起作用；产生重大影响
(教材P31)　Every individual makes a difference.
每个人都起重要作用。
[例1]　I believed that I can make a difference in this world.
我坚信世界一定会因我而不同。
[例2]　Nothing I say is going to make a difference with you.
我说的话对你来说没有什么影响。
[造句]　你的支持肯定对我的事业很有影响。
Your support will certainly make a difference in my cause.
[知识拓展]
make some difference　 有一些影响/关系
make no difference 没有影响；无所谓
make any difference 有……区别
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It will make no difference(different) whether you go or not.
②Whether it rains or not makes no difference to me.
　involve vt.参与；包含
(教材P31)　It is by acting together，in this exciting way，that we can involve thousands—millions—of people，and this is what is going to change the world.
正是通过共同行动，以这种令人兴奋的方式，我们才能让成千上万的人参与进来，这将改变世界。
[例1]　The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.
考试将包括回答一些关于一张照片的问题。
[例2]　There was a serious incident involving a group of youths.
有一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件。
[造句]　父母应当参与孩子的教育。
Parents should involve themselves in their child's education.
[知识拓展]
involve doing sth.　　　 包含/需要做某事
involve sb.in (doing) sth. (使)参加，加入
be/get involved in 参加，参与；专心于
be involved with... 与……关系密切
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Try to involve as many children as possible in the game.
②Painting the room involved moving(move) out the piano.
③If I were you，I wouldn't get involved in their problems.
　absent adj.缺席；不在v.缺席
(教材P31)　You cannot be absent.
你不可能缺席。
[例1]　Love was totally absent from his childhood.
他童年时没有得到丝毫关爱。
[例2]　He absented himself from the meeting yesterday.
他昨天没有出席会议。
[造句]　他病了，这是他缺席的原因。
He is ill.That's why he is absent.
[知识拓展]
(1)be absent from...　　 不参加……；缺席……
(2)in the absence of sb.＝in one's absence
某人不在时
absence of mind 心不在焉
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①It was his absence (absent) of mind during driving that resulted in a terrible accident.
②However，learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.
③He was absent from the conference yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.
Sentence Patterns
　 leave...doing...句型
(教材P31)Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth...
比方说你在刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流……
[句式分析]
本句是一个复合句，句中while引导时间状语从句；running是现在分词，作leave的宾语补足语。
[例1]　Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain.
不要让她一直在外面雨里等。
[例2]　The news left me wondering what would happen next.
这个消息使我想知道接着会发生什么事情。
[造句]　他们一起出去了，留下我自己坐在那里。
They went off together and left me sitting there.
[知识拓展]
leave sb./sth.doing(sth.)　　 使某人/物正做(某事)
leave sth.done 让/使某事被做
leave sb./sth.＋n./adj./adv./介词短语
使某人/物成为或止于某种状态
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Accidents left the police running(run) from one place to another.
②They laid down the little hero，leaving his face exposed(expose)．
③His parents died，leaving(leave) him an orphan.
　 “make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(教材P31)Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a better place to live in．
成百上千的根和芽可以解决问题，改变世界，使之成为一个更适合居住的地方。
[句式分析]
本句是一个复合句，make it a better place to live in是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，此处用名词作宾补；to live in作定语修饰a better place。
[例1]　We made him captain of our football team.
我们推选他作我们足球队的队长。
[例2]　If you won't do it willingly，I'll make you do it!
你如果不愿意做那件事，我会强迫你去做！
[造句]　我们选他当班长。
We made him our monitor.
[知识拓展]
在“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构中除了形容词可以作宾语补足语外，不定式、过去分词、介词短语、名词或名词短语都可以作宾语补足语。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①He tries to make his ideas known(know)．
②Though he had often made his little sister cry，today he was made to cry(cry) by his little sister.

教材
高考
1....you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.
(2020·江苏卷)The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.
2.And all of this would be very harmful.
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ) These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
3.Every individual makes a difference.
(2020·浙江卷) ...others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.
4.It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands—millions—of people, and this is what is going to change the world.
(2020·天津卷) As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else's shadow...


Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Every day I am made to have(have) an egg and some milk.
2．Her remarks left me wondering(wonder) her purpose.
3．First，she told them how the student made a difference to her and the class.
4．He committed himself(him) to the cause of modernizing the country's industry.
5．Doctors cannot be bothered to explain(explain) what they do.
6．I believe you know that smoking is harmful(harm) to health.
7．Their missiles are viewed as a defensive and deterrent force.
8．The programme presented a balanced(balance) view of the two sides of the conflict.
9．They were more concerned with how the other women had dressed than in what the speaker was saying.
10．Some people tried to stop the fight but I didn't want to get involved(involve)．
Ⅱ.短语填空
not be bothered to do；take action；all around the world；make a difference；be committed to
1．The sea air has made a difference to her health.
2．I am making new friends with beautiful souls all around the world．
3．The group was committed to achieving its aims through peaceful means.
4．The firemen took action immediately to stop the forest fire spreading.
5．The grass needs cutting but I am not bothered to do it today.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Most people suffer from “Just­me­ism”．You leave the tap 1.running(run) while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out and drop a piece of litter 2.but not pick it up，which is 3.harmful(harm) to our world.Jane Goodall，4.who is best­known for wild chimpanzees，set up Roots & Shoots.Its purpose is 5.to educate(educate) young people to help to build a future that is secure and
live together in peace 6.with nature.Roots move 7.slowly(slow) under the ground to make a firm foundation，and shoots seem small and weak，but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a better place 8.to live(live) in.Roots & Shoots is all about：the value and 9.importance(important) of each individual—human，animal or plant.Jane Goodall believes that every individual has a role to play and every individual makes a 10.difference(different)．


v．­ing和v.­ed作定语、状语和补足语
[观察例句]
1．The experience gained will be of great value and importance for all of us.
2．The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.
3．Looking out of the window，I saw a woman walking in the street.
4．Asked why he was late，he cried.
5．We saw them walking across the road.
6．I found my hometown almost completely rebuilt.
[归纳用法]
一、分词和分词短语作定语
分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词通常位于其所修饰的名词之前；有时单个的分词用作定语也可以放在所修饰的名词之后，这多半是因为该名词或代词不适合作前置定语，或者为了动作的暂时性。如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
We didn't reach any agreement on the problem discussed.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.
He likes to drink cold boiled water.
The man sitting in the corner is my brother.(＝The man who is sitting in the corner is my brother.)
[即学即练1]　单句语法填空
①We can see the part of the moon lighted(light) by sunlight.
②Most of the people invited(invite) to the party did not come.
③The people working(work) with me treat me like their friend.
④Do you know the teacher talking(talk) with the students?
二、分词和分词短语作状语
分词作状语表时间、原因、方式和伴随状况。
Heated，the metal expands.(＝When it is heated，the metal expands.)
Being a teacher，I must work hard.
She stood there，waiting for a bus.
He came in，followed by a group of students.
[名师点津]
generally/frankly/strictly speaking，considering，judging by/from，supposing，taking everything into account，concerning，compared to/with等作独立成分，用来解释整句话，当固定短语用。
Generally speaking，houses in America are bigger than houses in this country.
Judging from your accent，you must be from Scotland.
Supposing we lose，what shall we do?
They had a heated discussion concerning certain problems.
Compared to you，I'm old.
Considering his age，he is unfit for the job.
[即学即练2]　单句语法填空
①Accompanied(accompany) by his friend，he went to the railway station.
②Given(give) better attention，the plants could grow better.
③We often provide our children with toys，footballs or basketballs，thinking(think) that all children like these things.
④Hearing(hear) the news，tears came into his eyes.
三、分词和分词短语作宾补
当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用现在分词(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词。
We saw him talking to her.(正在进行)
She kept us waiting here for an hour.(一直处于某种状态)
感官动词feel，listen to，hear，see，look at，watch，notice等后面的宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用现在分词；是被动关系时，用过去分词作宾补。
I saw him beaten by Tom.(him与beaten是被动关系)
We heard them singing downstairs.(them与singing是主动关系)
变为被动语态时，除主语和宾语互换位置外，分词不动。
They were seen walking across the road.
The children were heard singing songs.
[即学即练3]　单句语法填空
①They shut the door and left the fire burning(burn)．
②He watched the balloon blown(blow) away.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Back from his two­year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken(take) good care of at home.
2．Annie Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed(appoint) to guard her.
3．When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，telling(tell) me stories till I was asleep.
4．When we got a call saying(say)she was short­listed，we thought it was a joke.
5．The sports meet held(hold) last week is of great importance.
6．He raised his voice in order to make himself heard(hear)．
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
A cook was caught 1.smoking(smoke) red­handed and the owner of the restaurant made him hit on road immediately.With so many staff 2.looking (look) at him，he felt very embarrassed.His colleagues found it right for him 3.to be punished(punish)，because the 4.lighted(light) cigarette ends could cause the whole restaurant to catch fire.The cook begged the owner to give him the last chance.The owner eventually had him apologize and got him 5.fined(fine)．The cook was allowed to remain.Now，he is seen 6.mopping(mop) the floors hard and I notice many customers 7.passing(pass) him.He reminded them to mind the sign，8.reading(read) “NO SMOKING ！” I hear a voice in my heart 9.saying(say) “respect yourself and you will feel 10.valued(value)”．