2022年中考英语二轮复习第2讲《动词分类与谓语动词》精讲精练（含答案）

这是一份2022年中考英语二轮复习第2讲《动词分类与谓语动词》精讲精练（含答案），共18页。

一、动词种类
情态动词用法：
没有人称和数的变化；
不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形构成谓语部分；
变否定，情态动词后直接加nt；
变疑问，情态动词直接提前。
can & culd
表_________He can speak English.
He culd ride a bike when he was 7.
He is s yung that he can’t lk after himself.
He culdn’t write when he was nly 2.
I will be able t speak German fluently smeday.
表_________Can yu pass me sme paper?
Culd yu please tell me where the bkstre is?
Yu can g nw.
表_________—Wh is singing in the next rm? Is it Lucy?
—It can’t be her. She has gne t New Yrk.
may & might
表_________—May I knw yur name?
—Might I knw yur name?
—Yes, yu __________.
—N, yu __________.
Yu may g nw.
表__________She may knw the answer, but I’m nt sure.
—Have yu decided where t g fr yur weekend?
—Nt yet. We may g t Qingda.
must & have t
___________ The mvie is bring. I must g nw.
Drivers must wear the safety belt when driving. This is the traffic rule.
My mther called me. I have t g nw.
—Dad, must I practice the pian tday?
—Yes, yu _______.
—N, yu ______./ N, yu dn’t have t. Yu may d it tmrrw.
___________Yu mustn’t nip ff the flwers.
Yu dn’t have t be in a hurry.
（没必要）
表_________—Whse ntebk is this?
—It must belng t Tm. I saw he used it just nw.
He must have knwn the truth.
need
___________Yu need nt get here early.
—Need I repeat it?
—Yes, yu ______./ N, yu _______.
___________ She needs a dictinary t help her study.
I need t make a phne call.
The rm needs cleaning.
情态动词表推测——一肯，一否，三个不一定
—Whse ntebk is this?
—It must belng t Tm. I saw he used it just nw.
—Wh is singing in the next rm? Is it Lucy?
—It can’t be her. She has gne t New Yrk.
She may/might/culd knw the answer, but I’m nt sure.
情态动词+现在完成时
1、表对过去的猜测、可能性
①must have dne“一定做了…”用于肯定句，语气最强。
The light is ff. He must have slept.
②may/ might have dne可能做了…，语气弱，可能性小。其否定式意为“可能不…”，如：He might nt have been in. 他可能不在家。might比may可能性更小。
③can (culd) nt have dne“不可能做了…”，语气强，can, culd也可用于疑问句，表可能性，如：Culd he have left?
2、表示虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，“本来应该”而“没有…”。
①shuld (ught t) have dne. 本来应该做，而没做到 如：
Yu shuld have asked him fr help. (事实上没求他帮忙)
②culd have dne 本来能够…，如：He culd have passed the exam. (结果没通过)
③might have dne 本来可以…
④needn’t have dne 本来没必要…
Yu needn’t have taken a taxi. It is nt far. (事实上坐出租车了)
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤had better have dne sth. 用于事后的建议，含轻微的责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”。
= 6 \* GB3 ⑥表示wuld rather have dne sth.“当时宁愿做了某事”，表示“后悔”的意思。
shuld, ught t, culd, might, had better, wuld rather也可用于否定句式，意思与上述在肯定句中的意思正好相反。
二、时态
（一）时态分类
（二）各个时态的用法（详细用法请参考附录1）
一般现在时：反复性 规律性 经常性、客观事实真理、主将从现
一般过去时：过去的动作或状态、过去经常或习惯
一般将来时：将来的动作或状态、计划打算、现进表将来
过去将来时：从过去某一时刻看将来、主过从过(wuld + v.)
现在进行时：此时此刻、现阶段
过去进行时：过去某一时刻(段)正在进行、过去频繁发生
现在完成时：过去发生影响现在、过去发生持续现在将来
过去完成时：过去的过去
—____the film befre?
—Yes. I ___it the day befre yesterday.
A. Have yu seen; saw
B. Did yu see; have seen
C. Have yu seen; have seen
D. Have yu seen; was seeing
（三）易混时态区分：一般过去时VS现在完成时
—___________(see) the film the day befre yesterday ?
—Yes, I _____________(see) it already. It is really interesting.
（四）完成时态中瞬间动词变延续性动词汇总
瞬间动词_______（有/无）现在完成时用法；当瞬间动词用于现在完成时中，并与__________连用时，需要将瞬间动词转换成相应的延续性动词
—Yur sister lks very happy!
—Yeah, she has finally bught the dress she wants mst.
—Ww, yur watch lks nice. Is it new?
—N, I _________ (buy) it since 3 years ag.
将下列瞬间动词转换为相应的延续性动词：
clse  __________ cme  __________g  __________
finish __________ die  __________put n _________
lse  __________ jin  __________get up  _________
buy  __________ brrw  _________pen  __________
leave  __________fall asleep  __________
wake up  __________arrive/reach  __________
start/begin  __________catch a cld  __________
三、语态
（一）主动语态和被动语态
主动语态：动作的 _________ 作主语。I bught a bk.
被动语态：动作的 _________ 作主语。A bk was bught by me.
（二）被动语态用法
不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁
需要强调或突出动作的承受者
动作的发出者不是人
（三）被动语态基本结构：_________________
（四）各种时态下主动语态、被动语态构成
【小试牛刀】
The building can___________ (see) frm every part f the city. It _________ (build) many years ag.
Yesterday Tm _________ (tell) me that his bike ________ (break) last week.
The students ___________ ften ___________ (tell) t take care f their desks and chairs.
Nw he __________ (be) asked if the meeting ___________ (hld) next Friday.
My teacher gave me a new bk yesterday.
_________________________________________________________________________
She is lking fr her keys at the mment.
_________________________________________________________________________
I saw sme girls playing tennis n the playgrund when I passed.
_________________________________________________________________________
In the ld days, the emplyer made their emplyees wrk in the factry frm mrning t evening.
_________________________________________________________________________
一般过去时
现在完成时
侧重点
过去的时态；
侧重表示过去的动作，与现在无关
现在的时态；
侧重过去的动作对现在的影响
例句
I saw a mvie last night.
强调昨晚上看电影的动作
I have seen the mvie befre.
强调我了解电影内容
时间状语
ag, yesterday, last…, in 2000, just nw等
befre, already, yet, s far, ever, never, just, recently, since, fr, lately, still等
（不能与一般过去时的时间状语连用）
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去将来时
一般将来时
（五）主动表被动
That bk is really _____________________(值得一读).
Harry Ptter _______________________(卖得很好).
My bike __________________________(需要修理了).
Great changes _____________(发生了) in the cuntryside in recent years.
【精讲精练】
一、找出下列句子中的动词，并指出其属于什么动词
He ften drew pictures n the flr with chalk and when his mther saw what he had dne, she wuld quickly clean them with a mp.
Li Jun, a 17-year-ld girl frm Shenzhen Freign Language Schl, still can’t believe her 10-day free training camp in the Alps in Switzerland last mnth was true.
The American fficial, the French, Japanese wh had spken earlier all lwered their heads in shame, and did nt dare t answer.
It’s OK if it takes yu a while t feel yurself again when yu g t a new place r meet new peple.
The drunken man asked the plice if they knew where Mabel was as he was put int the back seat f the plice car.
二、单项选择
Chsing the right circle f friends will _______ us a lt f trubles, heartaches and pssibly a life f deep regret.
A. saveB. shareC. keepD. bring
It is helpful t ______ a gd habit f reading in language learning.
A. takeB. shwC. develpD. match
The clth ______ very sft and cmfrtable.
A. smellsB. tastesC. feels D. sunds
The plane will ______ frm Beijing Capital Airprt and land in Lndn.
A. take upB. take utC. take awayD. take ff
—Hw des the animal get fd?
—It desn’t need t d anything. The zkeeper will _____ it with fd and drink.
A. fferB. prvideC. divideD. give
—Where are yu ging?
—I’m ging t the airprt t ______ my friend, Mary. She is ging t Lndn n hliday.
A. see ffB. put ffC. take ffD. send ff
—My grandma is ill in bed.
—Srry t hear that. Why nt ______ a dctr?
A. send frB. send upC. send awayD. send ut
—D yu miss yur sn wh is at university, Mrs. Zhang?
—N. I ften ______ him, and make telephne calls t him.
A. think abutB. hear frm
C. lk afterD. learn frm
—We must act nw because time is ______.
—Yes. Let’s start.
A. cming utB. giving ut
C. putting utD. running ut
—D yu still have a headache, Bill?
—N, it’s ______. I’m all right nw, Mum.
A. drppedB. ranC. leftD. gne
Yu _______ smke in the hspital.
A. needn’t B. ughtn’t tC. ught t nt D. may nt
—Anther cup f cffee?
—N, thanks. I _____ be ff. Mary is waiting fr me.
A. can B. may C. must D. might
—May I watch TV fr a while?
—N, yu _______. Yu have t finish yur hmewrk first.
A. shuldn’t B. needn’tC. mustn’t D. wn’t
—I can’t give up smking, dctr.
—Fr yur health, I’m afraid yu ________.
A. may B. canC. have t D. must
Mr. White _____ at 8:30 fr the meeting, but he didn’t shw up.
A. shuld have arrived B. shuld arrive
C. shuld have had arrived D. shuld be arriving
When winter cmes, ______ spring be far behind?
A. shuldB. needC. mustD. can
—Will yu answer the telephne? It ______ be yur mther.
—Srry. I ______. I’m very busy.
A. can; mustn’tB. will; can’tC. may; can’tD. need; will
Yu ______ drive yur car s fast. It’s very dangerus.
A. wuldn’tB. shuldn’tC. culdn’tD. mightn’t
—Shall we meet at the statin at 8 a.m.?
—In fact we ______. The train ______ until 10 a.m.
A. mustn’t; desn’t leaveB. mustn’t; leaves
C. needn’t; wn’t leaveD. needn’t; will leave
—Are yu ging anywhere?
—I ______ abut visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind.
A. thinkB. have thughtC. will thinkD. thught
—Des this bus g t the beach?
—N. Yu ______ the wrng way. Yu want the Number 11.
A. gB. were gingC. are gingD. wuld g
—Is Tm at hme?
—N, he ______ t twn.
A. has beenB. has gneC. gesD. will g
The fficial said they ______ a new law t prtect the turists the next year.
A. makesB. wuld makeC. madeD. have made
It ______ usually ______ at this time f year, but tday it is raining heavily.
A. is; rainingB. wn’t; rainC. has; rainedD. desn’t; rain
I ______ my hmetwn fr a lng time. I really miss it!
A. leftB. went away frm
C. have leftD. have been away frm
When we hurried t the cinema, the film ______ fr ten minutes.
A. had been nB. had begun
C. has begunD. begun
—What language ______ in that cuntry?
—German and English.
A. are speakingB. are spken
C. speakD. is spken
The mbile phne has influenced peple’s life a lt since it ______.
A. inventsB. was inventedC. is inventedD. invented
Bambs can ______ paper.
A. used t makeB. be used make
C. be used t makeD. be used t making
—Wuld yu mind my sitting here?
—Srry, it ______ already.
A. has takenB. is taking C. has been takenD. tk 【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
动词种类：
主动词，分为系动词（状态系动词、保持系动词、变化系动词、感官系动词）和实义动词（及物动词、不及物动词）
助动词分为助动词(d/des/did/ding/dne, is/are/am/was/were/being/been, have/has/had/having/had, will/wuld/shall/shuld)和情态动词(will/wuld/shall/shuld, can/culd/may/might, need/must/have t/had better/ught t…)
表能力
表请求许可
表猜测
表请求许可can/may; can’t/may nt/mustn’t
表猜测（可能性）
必须（主客观）must; needn’t
禁止（否定）
表肯定猜测（一定）
需要 情态动词 must; needn’t
需要 实义动词
时态分类：
按时间分：过去、现在、将来
过去：一般过去（v-ed）、过去进行（was/were ding）、过去将来（wuld+v.）、过去完成（had+dne）
现在：一般现在（v.）、现在进行（am/is/are+ding）、现在完成（have/has+dne）
将来：一般将来（will+v. / be ging t+v.）
A
Did yu see
have seen
有
时间段
have had
be clsed be here be there be ver be dead wear be lst be in/be a member f be up have keep be pen be away (frm) be asleep be awake be (in/at) be n have a cld
发出者 承受者
be dne
（四）各种时态下的主动语态和被动语态构成
v.(v.-s) am/is/are +dne
am/is/are +ding am/is/are being dne
have/has +dne have/has been dne
v-ed was/were dne
was/were ding was/were being dne
had +dne had been dne
wuld +v. wuld be dne
will +v. will be dne
【小试牛刀】
be seen，was built；tld，brke；are，tld；is，will be held；
I was given a new bk by my teacher yesterday. / A new bk was given t me by my teacher yesterday.
Her keys are being lked fr by her at the mment.
Sme girls were seen playing tennis n the playgrund by me when I passed.
In the ld days, the emplyees were made t wrk by the emplyer in the factry frm mrning t evening.
（五）主动表被动
wrth reading；sells well；needs repairing / t be repaired；have taken place
【精讲精练】
二、单项选择
1-5：ACCDB6-10：AABDD11-15：BCCCA
16-20：DCBCD 21-25：CBBDD 26-30：ADBCC