2022年中考英语二轮复习第4讲《名词冠词代词》精讲精练（含答案）

这是一份2022年中考英语二轮复习第4讲《名词冠词代词》精讲精练（含答案），共18页。
名词、冠词、代词
【知识点睛】
一、名词

难点1：某国人变复数
国家
人(单数)
人(复数)
China


Japan


England


France


Germany


India


America


Australia


Italy


Arab


Canada


Europe


难点2：双重所有格VS of所有格
a picture of my teacher’s
a picture of my teacher
我老师的一张照片
（强调我老师的众多照片中的一张，不一定是我老师本人）
我老师本人的一张照片
（强调我老师本人）


难点3：名词作定语
运动会：a _________ meeting two _________ meetings
服装店：a _________ store two _________ stores
男教师：a _________ teacher two _________ teachers
女医生：a _________ doctor five _________ doctors
★★除这个别名词外，其余名词作定语要用_________，如“许多苹果树many _________ trees”。

二、冠词
（一）冠词分类 __________、__________、__________
（二）不定冠词的用法
1. 用于单数可数名词前，泛指“某一、任一”
2. 用于序数词(除first外)前，表示“再一、又一”
3. 用于固定搭配中：
a few/little/bit; have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest; (感冒)______________; (玩得高兴)_______________; in a hurry; for a while; keep a diary; (帮助某人) ____________
（三）定冠词的用法
1. the表示特指
__________________：Kim has a cat. The cat is black.
_____________________：Let’s go to the supermarket!
____________________：I know the girl in red.
2. the表示“独一无二”
3. the + 序数词，eg: on _____ second floor
4. the + 形容词原级，表示“一类人”，eg: 老人：__________
5. the + 形容词比较级，______ ______ (tall) of the two boys
6. the + 形容词最高级，eg: ______ most beautiful city
7. the + 年份的复数，表示某年代，in the 1990s
8. 用在姓氏的复数前，指代一家人或夫妻，eg: 格林一家_______
9. 西洋乐器的名词前加 play ______ piano
10. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the，eg: the Great Wall
11. 用在固定短语中：
in the morning/afternoon/evening; in the daytime; in the end; (一直)____________; at the same time; by the way; in the open air; (在……岁时)____________; at the beginning of; on the other side of; in the middle of; at the moment
（四）零冠词的用法
1. 不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时前面用零冠词。
Man can’t live without water.
Horses are domestic animals.
2. 某些专有名词，如人名、地名、国名、物质名词、抽象名词表示泛指时前面用零冠词。
China is a great country.
Mary lives in New York.
3. 名词前已有名词所有格，物主代词或this, that, every修饰时，用零冠词。
Every student likes English in our ______ class.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
4. 在节日、日期、星期、月份、季节等前面用零冠词，但若特指某年的某月或某年的某季节时，要在月份、季节前加the。
June 1st is Children’s Day.
Spring comes after winter.
He was born in _______ autumn of 1990.
5. 表示称呼或表示头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补语时用零冠词。
This is Professor Li.
6. 三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前用零冠词。
have _______ breakfast play ______ football Do you like ______ English?
7. “专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的名词前用零冠词。
Huanghe Road
8. by + 交通工具，交通工具名词前使用零冠词。
by _______ bus on _______ bus
9. 在公共假日、节日名词前用零冠词。
New Year’s Day, Women’s Day
10. 在某些固定短语中：
day and night; face to face; side by side; step by step; at school / work / home; (在危险中)___________; in bed; in time; at noon/night/dawn; (值日)__________
难点1：用a还是an ?
a用在以___________开头的单词或字母前
an用在以___________开头的单词或字母前
在26个字母中，单个字母前用不定冠词an的有____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____、____
以字母U开头的常见单词
____ university ____ useful book ____ ugly man ____ umbrella
____ unhappy man ____ unusual story ____ used car

难点2：名词被such, half, what, many, so, how, too, quite, rather, very等修饰时，不定冠词的位置问题
例如：___ such ___ honest ___ boy
half hour what nice day very interesting story many man
so nice girl how nice film quite good book rather useful tool

三、代词
（一）人称代词、物主代词、反身代词

第一人称
第二人称
第三人称

单
复
单
复
单
复
人称代词（主格）
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
人称代词（宾格）








形物代








名物代








反身代词








难点1：代词的用法
This morning ______(她) invited _______(我) to _______(她的) birthday party. The party is _______(她的), not _______(我的).
难点2：反身代词的常用短语
自学___________________ 自学___________________
苏醒___________________ 独自___________________
随便吃___________________ 玩得愉快___________________
伤着某人自己___________________
难点3：人称代词主格作主语的语序
单数形式(二、三、一) _______, _______ and _______ (I, he/she, you)
复数形式(一、二、三) _______, _______ and _______(we, they, you)
承认错误时(第一人称放前) _______ and _______ (I, John)
难点4：人称代词it用法小结
1. 指代前面提到过的事物。
Do you use your dictionary now? Can I borrow _______?
Mom, my friend has a beautiful skirt. I want _______, too.
2. 用来代替指示代词this或that。
—What’s this?
—_______ a pen.
3. 指不明性别的婴儿或不明身份的人。
Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who _______ is.
4. 指时间或季节。—What’s the time now? —It’s ten o’clock.
5. 表天气。—What’s the weather like? —It’s sunny.
6. 表距离。How far is it from home to school?
7. 用作___________。
It is adj. (for / of sb.) + to do sth.
It’s one’s turn / duty to do sth.
It’s adj. that…
8. 用作形式宾语 Do you think/find _______ + adj. to do sth.?
（二）疑问代词
Who wants to go with me? who作_______、_______
Who are you talking about? To whom are you talking?
宾从：Can you tell me ___________________________________?
Whose book is this? whose作_______
—What’s your father? —He is a worker. what询问_______
—Who is that girl? —She is my sister. who询问_______
—What would you like? —I’d like a cup of juice. what没有_______
Which do you like, spring or summer? which有_______
(which指一定范围内，特指的人或物)
（三）不定代词：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。
some (something，somebody，someone)
any (anything，anybody，anyone)
no (nothing，nobody，no one)
every (everything，everybody，everyone)
all，each，both，much，many，(a) little，(a) few，other(s)，another，none，one，either， neither等　
一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。
❤❤复合不定代词/副词
some一些
any任何；一些
no 无
every每个
somebody
anybody
nobody
everybody
someone
anyone
no one
everyone
something
anything
nothing
everything
somewhere
anywhere
nowhere
everywhere
1. 复合不定代词作主语时，都作______看待，其谓语动词用______________ 形式。
2. 复合不定代词/副词若有定语修饰，该定语要放在复合不定代词/副词________。
For lunch, we had something very special—Malaysian yellow noodles.
Do you have anything to say?
Can you find ________ (else, anyone)?
Did you go ________ (interesting, somewhere)?
❤两者三者

其一
都
都不
两者



三者及以上



either / neither of + 名词/代词复数 + 谓语动词_____数
either…or…或neither…nor…连接两个名词作主语，需要遵循________原则
❤肯定否定

肯定
否定
修饰可数名词复数


修饰不可数名词



❤other一族：

泛指（≥3者/部之一）
特指（两者/部之一）
单数
another /another one
the other /the other one
复数
others/other ones
the others/the other ones
We have two cats. ______ is black and ______ is white.
A. One; one B. One; the other
C. One; other D. One; another
❤其他
each & every 每一个
There are trees on ______ side of the road.
______ student passed the exam.
______ of us wears a yellow T-shirt.
each强调_______，作主语时，谓语动词用_________形式。另外，其可以用来指______或______以上的人或物。
every强调_______，修饰名词时谓语动词要用________ 形式。只可以用来指______或______以上的人或物。
each可以用作_______，而every不可以。（each of）
如：Each of the boys has got a pencil and some paper.
【精讲精练】
一、单项选择
( )1. Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many ______ in it.
A. flowers B. grass C. villages D. water
( )2. —What’s in the cupboard?
—A few ______, but little ______.
A. apples; coffee B. coffee; apples
C. apple; coffees D. coffee; apples
( )3. He gave us ______ on how to protect eyes.
A. some advices B. some advice
C. an advice D. a advice
( )4. The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many ______ there.
A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabbit
( )5. A group of ______ are talking with two ______ over there.
A. Frenchmen; Germans B. Frenchmen; Germen
C. German; Frenchmen D. Germans; Frenchmans
( )6. There are ______ and ______ on the table.
A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges
B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange
C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange
D. two boxs of cakes; four bottles of orange
( )7. ______ mothers are ______ teachers.
A. Lucy’s and Mary; woman B. Lucy and Mary; woman
C. Lucy’s and Mary’s; women D. Lucy and Mary’s; women
( )8. —With whom did you watch 2014 World Cup Opening Ceremony?
—______.
A. A friend of mine B. A friend of me
C. A friend of my sister D. A friend of you
( )9. —How far is it from your home to school?
—It’s about twenty ______ walk.
A. minute’s B. minutes’ C. minutes D. minute
( )10. There is no ______ that phones play an important part in modern life.
A. question B. problem C. answer D. doubt

( )11. He was born in Italy, but he had made China his ______.
A. family B. address C. house D. home
( )12. The customers are pleased with the ______ of the restaurant.
A. balance B. experience C. surface D. service
( )13. —Why didn’t Sally play the violin at the concert last night?
—She said that her hand hurt, but that was only a (n) ______. I saw her play tennis just now.
A. matter B. excuse C. result D. expression
( )14. ________ it is today!
A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather
C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather
( )15. This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them.
A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying
( )16. —How many ______can you see in the picture?
—Only one.
A. dog B. sheep C. child D. cat
( )17. —Well, you look so happy!
—Because I got a good ____.
A. work B. news C. job D. advice
( )18. A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______ second.
A. / B. the C. a D. an
( )19. The operation is _____ success and the patient is now out of _____ danger.
A. a, the B. a, 不填 C. 不填, the D. 不填, 不填
( )20. As _____ writer, he was _____ complete failure.
A. a, a B. a, the C. 不填, 不填 D. a, 不填
( )21. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _____.
A. on the Sunday B. on a Sunday
C. on Sunday D. at a Sunday
( )22. As is known to us all, _____ tiger is in _____ danger of becoming extinct.
A. the, a B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. 不填, the
( )23. As we know, England is ______ European country and Singapore is ______ Asian country.
A. an; an B. an; a C. a; a D. a; an
( )24. There is ______ “o” and ______ “x” in “box”.
A. a; an B. an; a C. a; a D. an; an
( )25. ______ Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.
A. / B. A C. An D. The
( )26. The education of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.
A. /; / B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /
( )27. Every year ______ Mother’s Day is on ______ second Sunday in May.
A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /
( )28. —What do you usually have for ______ breakfast, Peter?
—A fried egg, three pieces of bread and a glass of milk.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )29. —Sonia, is this your dictionary?
—Oh, no, it’s not ______. Ask Li Lei. He is looking for ______.
A. me; hers B. mine; him C. my; her D. mine; his
( )30. —Come in please, kids. Make ______ at home.
—Thank you, Mrs. White.
A. yourselves B. yourself C. yours D. you
( )31. We all got wet in the rain because ______ of us had an umbrella.
A. both B. none C. no one D. neither
( )32. —I haven’t got a digital camera.
—I think you should buy ______. It’s useful for you.
A. this B. one C. that D. it
( )33. —What a cold day! Stella, what would you like, hot coffee or juice?
—______ is OK. I really don’t mind.
A. Any B. Neither C. Both D. Either
( )34. —What did you buy in the shop the day before yesterday?
—______. Because ______ there isn’t good enough.
A. Something; nothing B. Anything; something
C. Nothing; everything D. Anything; everything
( )35. There is ______ with the washing machine. It doesn’t work.
A. wrong seriously nothing B. seriously wrong something
C. something seriously wrong D. anything seriously wrong
( )36. —Could we see each other at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning?
—Sorry, let’s make it ______ time.
A. other’s B. the other C. another D. other
( )37. Lucy and I are classmates. We _______ in Class One.
A. all are B. are all C. both are D. are both
( )38. —How many students are there in the classroom?
—__________. They are all in the lab.
A. Some B. None C. All D. Neither
( )39. —Would you like to have _______ cake?
—No, thanks. I’ve had two. That’s enough.
A. other B. others C. another D. the other
二、填空题
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40. The young man found it difficult to have dinner because some of his __________ (牙齿) had been pulled out.
41. It is 100 meters’ race. = It is a _____________ race.
42. There is ______ woman over there. ______ woman is Meimei’s mother.
43. He often goes to ______ school by ______ bike.
44. What _______ important news!
45. _______ am a monkey. Do you like ______? ______ name is Gugu. This house is ______. (I)
46. ________ (we) are in Class One. ________ (they) are in Class Two. ________ (we) classroom is bigger than ________ (they). ________ (we) often play basketball with ________ (they).



【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
名词分类：专有名词
普通名词：可数名词（个体名词、集体名词）
不可数名词（物质名词、抽象名词）
名词的数：可数名词（单数、复数—规则变化、不规则变化）
不可数名词—借助计量单位词表示量
名词所有格：’s（各有各’s，共有共’s）
of
双重所有格：n. + of + n’s n. + of + 名物代
句法功能：作主语、宾语、表语
a Chinese Chinese
a Japanese Japanese
an Englishman Englishmen
a Frenchman Frenchmen
a German Germans
an Indian Indians
an American Americans
an Australian Australians
an Italian Italians
an Arab Arabs
a Canadian Canadians
a European Europeans
sports sports clothes clothes man men woman women
单数 apple
不定冠词 定冠词 零冠词
have a cold have a good time do sb. a favor
（三）定冠词的用法
前文已经提到过
说话双方都知道的事物
有定语修饰的
the the old the taller the the Greens the all the time at the age of
（四）零冠词的用法
D the / / / / the/a in danger on duty/watch
辅音音素 元音音素 A E F H I L M N O R S X
a a an an an an a
/ an / half an hour what a nice day a very interesting story many a man
so nice a girl how nice a film quite a good book rather a useful tool
三、代词
me my mine myself us our ours ourselves you your yours yourself you your yours yourselves him his his himself her her hers herself it its its itself them their theirs themselves
she me her hers mine
teach oneself learn by oneself come to oneself by oneself help oneself to sth. enjoy oneself hurt oneself
you he/she I we you they I John
it it It’s it 形式主语 it
（二）疑问代词
主语 宾语
who/whom you are talking to
定语 工作/职业 身份 范围 范围
单数 单数第三人称 后面 anyone else somewhere interesting
either both neither
any all none
单 就近
a few few
a little little
B
each Every/Each Each 个体 单数 两者 两者 整体 单数 三者 三者 代词
【精讲精练】
1-5：AABCA 6-10：CCABD 11-15：DDBAA
16-20：BCCBA 21-25：BBDDD 26-30：BBDDA 31-35：BBDCC
36-39：CDBC
40. teeth 41. 100-meter 42. a; The
43. /; / 44. / 45. I; me; My; mine
46. We; They; Our; theirs; We; them