2022年中考英语二轮复习第9讲《阅读理解专题》精讲精练（含答案）

这是一份2022年中考英语二轮复习第9讲《阅读理解专题》精讲精练（含答案），共17页。
一、命题特点
体裁上来看：涉及记叙文、夹叙夹议文、议论文、说明文和应用文；题材内容涉及英语国家文化的多个领域，并逐步增加广告、海报、图画、表格等实用文体。
题型上来看：着重考查学生对整篇文章的把握，侧重考查学生根据语境进行语篇分析和综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。
阅读量上看：逐年增加。
难度上来看：增加了难度，超过了大纲规定的3%的生词率。
二、阅读题型
1._________________：考查学生直接从原文中获取正确信息的能力。这类题目可以分为直接事实题和间接事实题。
2._________________：猜测生词词义、短语和句子意思以及确定代词指代目标的能力。
3._________________：要求读者通过文章所提供的已知信息推测未直接表明的信息。
4._________________：要求读者在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。
三、做题步骤
1. 速读文章抓大意
2. 带题读文作标记
3. 检查题目不留疑
四、阅读禁忌
禁止“指读，声读，译读，精读”
禁止“题目卷面清洁，什么标记都没有”
【试题1】【2015河南中考A篇】
A
A dctr entered the hspital hurriedly after being called in fr an imprtant surgery (外科手术).
He fund the by’s father in the hall waiting wrriedly.
On seeing him, the father cried ut, “Why did yu take all this time t cme? Dn’t yu knw that my sn is in danger? Dn’t yu have any sense f duty?”
The dctr smiled and said, “I am srry. I wasn’t in the hspital and I came as fast as I culd after receiving the call and nw, I wish yu’d calm dwn s that I can d my wrk.”
“Calm dwn?! What if yur sn was in this rm right nw? Wuld yu calm dwn? If yur wn sn dies while waiting fr a dctr, then what will yu d?” said the father angrily. The dctr smiled again and replied, “We will d ur best and yu shuld als pray (祈祷) fr yur sn’s healthy life.”
The surgery tk sme hurs after which the dctr went ut happy, “Thank gdness! Yur sn is saved!” And withut waiting fr the father’s reply he carried n his way running by saying, “If yu have any questins, ask the nurse.”
“Culdn’t he wait sme minutes s that I can ask abut my sn’s state?” shuted the father when seeing the nurse minutes after the dctr left.
The nurse answered, tears cming dwn her face. “His sn died yesterday in a rad accident. He was at the burial (葬礼) when we called him fr yur sn’s surgery. And nw that he saved yur sn’s life, he left running t finish his sn’s burial.”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。
What did the dctr d after he received the call fr the surgery?
A. He asked anther dctr t d his duty.
B. He went t the hspital as sn as pssible.
C. He discussed the by’s state with the father.
D. He waited until his sn’s burial was finished.
The father shuted at the dctr because he thught _______.
A. he had waited t lng
B. n ne cared fr his sn
C. the dctr was cld t him
D. the surgery tk a lng time
Wh tld the truth t the father in the end?
A. The dctr. B. The nurse. C. His sn. D. A patient.
Hw might the father feel after he knew the truth?
A. Angry. B. Excited. C. Srry. D. Dubtful.
What is the best title fr the text?
A. Seeing is believing
B. Time waits fr n man
C. Practice makes perfect
D. Think befre yu decide
一、细节理解题
A
Luca Gramberini has been scuba diving since he was a kid. His family wns a scuba cmpany. Fr the past three summers, Luca has added gardening t his underwater activities. He helps run Nem’s Garden, a prject t grw plants in the sea.
Frm May thrugh September, Luca and ther divers are wrking n Nem’s Garden in the Mediterranean Sea, 150 feet frm the cast f Nli, Italy. Five large balln-like bjects, called bispheres (生物圈) , hld plants such as beans and strawberries. The bispheres are filled with air and placed 20 feet belw the surface. “My father came up with the idea because he lves gardening very much,” Luca said.
Accrding t Luca, the sea is a gd place t grw plants because underwater temperatures remain stable, changing little frm day t night. The bispheres act like greenhuses. Inside the air-filled bispheres, fresh water keeps evaprating (蒸发) , prviding the plants with a gd envirnment t grw in. “We have already seen the plants, grw faster and better,” Luca says. “And there are fewer strms that can knck dwn the bispheres during the summer.”
Luca hpes Nem’s Garden will prvide a new way f grwing crps. “There is nt enugh land n the Earth,” he says. “And in many develping cuntries, bad cnditins make it difficult fr crps t grw.”
Thugh the prject has just started, Nem’s Garden has achieved success and is mving t different areas. “We’re ging t try grwing ther plants.” Luca says. “We hpe t set up bispheres in ther cuntries. There are many pssibilities.”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。
Nem’s Garden is a prject t ______.
A. d scuba diving in the sea B. stp strms in the sea
C. make fresh water frm the sea D. grw plants under the water
The passage is prbably taken frm the _______ part f a newspaper.
A. travel B. science C. health D. sprts
B
What can we learn abut Wine and Beer Festivals?
A. The Stuttgart Wine Festival lasts ver tw weeks.
B. Munch Oktberfest is ne f the biggest festivals in the wrld.
C. Mre than ne millin visitrs cme t Munich Oktberfest.
D. Peple can taste ver 250 kinds f wines at the Stuttgart Wine Festival.
二、猜测词义题
A
In Germany, teachers and students’ relatinship is mre frmal than yu might be used t. Teachers are respected and students must use the frmal “Sie (德语：您)” when talking t teachers.
The underlined wrd “respected” can be best translated int ______.
A. 受人尊敬的B. 令人害怕的C. 高收入的D. 有权势的
B (文章同细节理解题A篇)
The underlined wrd “stable” in paragraph 3 means ______ in Chinese.
A. 平衡的 B. 正常的 C. 稳定的 D. 合适的
C
Rachel Carsn’s mst famus bk, Silent Spring came ut in 1962. In this bk, she pinted ut that the use f sme kinds f pesticides (杀虫剂) like DDT wuld cause the number f birds t decline because it wuld kill them as well. Finally, in Nvember 1969, the United States gvernment decided that the use f DDT must be stpped in tw years.
The Chinese meaning f the wrd “decline” in this passage is prbably “_______”.
A. 增加B. 减少C. 维持D. 翻番
D (文章同主旨大意题C篇)
The underlined wrd “remunerated” in the passage means “_______”.
A. trained B. praised C. accepted D. paid
E
Skin (皮肤) cvers ur bdies. Every time we mve, ur skin mves, t. Try this: Pull up the skin frm the back f yur hand and then let it g. What happens? The skin ges back t its first psitn. That means that skin is elastic—we can mve it and pull it but it always ges back.
What’s the meaning f the underlined wrd “elastic” in the third paragraph?
A. Able t mve arund r turn arund.
B. Able t becme sfter r harder when needed.
C. Able t becme thick r thin, but can’t g back.
D. Able t becme larger and then g back t its usual size.
三、逻辑推理题
A
Bags f Lve
Last year, I wrked in a middle schl near my mther’s huse, and I stayed with her fr a mnth. During that time, I helped her d sme husewrk and buy sme fd.
After the first week, I nticed that the fd was eaten up very quickly. Then I began keeping an eye n my mum. T my surprise, I fund that she wuld put sme f the fd int a paper bag and g ut with it at abut nine every mrning. And finally, I decided t fllw her. I saw her taking the fd t the street children. She wuld als spend a lt f time talking and playing with them.
One day, I talked t a neighbr and fund ut that my mum was well-knwn in the area. The children were very friendly with her and even thught f her as their wn mther. Then it hit me—why wuldn’t she want t tell me abut it? Was she wrried that I wuld stp buying fd if I fund ut?
When my mum gt hme, I gave her a big hug (拥抱). I tld her she didn’t need t keep it a secret frm me. And she tld me smething abut the children. Sme f them lived with an ld lady in a small huse. Others slept n the street. Fr years, she was helping the pr street children by giving them fd. After she tld me everything, I was s mved by hw selfless (无私的) she was. She helped thers in need. As her sn, I was s prud f my mum.
I cntinued t buy fd fr my mum after that. But I always added ne mre bag fr her ther children.
The writer added ne mre bag f fd t _______.
A. make friends with the children B. get a hug frm his mther
C. becme well-knwn in the area D. help the pr street children
B
If a family f fur g t the theatre in the evening, they have t pay at least ______ dllars fr the tickets.
A. 85 B. 100C. 120D. 140
C
What d yu think the passage is?
A. An advertisement.
B. A ntice.
C. A stry.
D. A reprt.
四、主旨大意题
A (文章同细节理解题A篇)
The best title fr this passage is _______.
A. Gardens in the sea B. Prjects fr summer activities
C. Plants in greenhuses D. Cnditins fr crp grwing
B (选自一篇文章的第四段)
Scientists nw understand that a fire can be a natural part f a healthy frest. As a result, cuntries like Australia allw mre fires t burn naturally. Smetimes, firefighters even start fires t get rid f (去除) dead wd. Of curse, they carefully cntrl the fires. The fire thins ut ld trees. This allws sunlight t reach the grund. As a result, fires help new trees t grw. Therefre, if a fire is nt a serius threat (威胁) t peple, firefighters may let it burn naturally.
What is the main idea f Paragraph 4?
A. Fires are serius threats t human beings.
B. Australian firefighters dn’t put ut fires.
C. Fires can play an imprtant rle in frests.
D. It’s difficult fr firefighters t cntrl the fires.
C
Making a gd jb chice is almst as gd as chsing a gd life. S, chsing a jb is ne f the mst imprtant decisins t make in life.
Fr my jb, there are three imprtant things that I will cnsider:
The first ne—that I must wrk in an area I like—is mst imprtant t me. Smene nce said if yu find a jb that yu enjy, then yu wn’t have t wrk anther day. I wuld like t wrk in an area where I can be mre creative. I wuld like t be the mst valuable member there. All this is pssible nly if I like what I d.
The secnd ne is that the area f my wrk must lead me t slve sme new and hard prblems. I wuld like t stay in the same area fr a lng time. In rder fr this t happen, the wrk must prvide enugh prblems. Mre than just wrking t live, I enjy making a difference and trying my best fr the whle prgress. I wuld als like t be well remunerated fr my hard wrk, s I can lead a cmfrtable life with this hard-wn mney. Then I can prvide the best fr my family.
The third imprtant thing is that I wuld like t wrk in an area that wuld help ther peple. The wrk in my mind is in fields such as the army, training r management. In such areas, I can help t develp the abilities f thers and bring ut their best. It wuld be a mst satisfying jb t help yung peple t becme the best that they can be. When I becme ld, I wuld like t lk back with a great sense f satisfactin that thusands f peple have becme better persns thrugh my wrk.
I accept the idea that n ne shuld make a chice f a jb suddenly r quickly. He shuld decide what he wants t be in the lng run. Then, he shuld decide hw he wrks twards it. He shuld study the prper curses, read the bks and speak t knwledgeable persns in that field befre making a jb chice. A gd chice will mst prbably lead t a better life.
What is the best title fr the passage?
A. My Jb Chice
B. My Favrite Jb
C. My Cmfrtable Life
D. My Sense f Satisfactin
Wine and Beer Festivals, Germany
September is als a great mnth fr wine as the new kinds are ready fr tasting. The Stuttgart Wine Festival (29th August—9th September) is ne f the biggest festivals, with ver ne millin visitrs. At the festival, yu can taste ver 250 kinds f wines frm the area. If yu prefer beer t wine, there’s the wrld-famus Munich Oktberfest, which starts n 22nd September and cntinues until 7th Octber.
The Princess
And
The Frg
Tickets Infrmatin
Dates:
30th July — 8th August
Mn — Fri 10am, 7pm
Sat — Sun 10am, 2pm, 7pm
Venue:
Esplanade Theatre
Duratin:
1.5 hurs
Ticket prices:
$25 per child r adult (day shws)
$35 per child r adult (evening shws)
Family Packages:
$85 fr 4 tickets (10am, 2pm shws)
$120 fr 4 tickets (7pm shws)
Latecmer Plicy:
Please arrive early. Latecmers will nt be allwed t enter until a prper break in the shws.
Tel:
617-219-4300
Children:
As curtesy t ther audience members, children belw three years ld will nt be allwed in.
Off the Beaten Cart Path
The best-selling travel bk which includes ver 200 new places f interest, ver 200 new full-clr phtgraphs, and all-new, up-t-date maps. It includes ver 1,000 f the United States mst must-see destinatins (目的地).
Cver Price: $30.00 Our Price: $19.80
Parents
The mst ppular magazine fr parents wh want t raise smart and lving children. It has child develpment guidance, advice n yur child’s health and safety, and the best way t encurage yur child’s learning.
Cver Price: $26.00 Our Price: $12.60
Best Weekend Prjects
The prjects (方案) are chsen frm 80 special ideas t create an unusual living space. They are practical, as well as creative. They will imprve yur hme and yard and can be made n weekends. And the mst imprtant f all, they are easy t fllw.
Cver Price: $17.95 Our Price: $13.90
Lucky
The shpping magazine with the best buys, and the fashin tips (小贴士). Yu’ll need them befre yu g t the stres. What makes Lucky really special is that it gives yu the infrmatin yu need befre anyne else has it.
Cver Price: $18.50 Our Price: $15.50
【精讲精练】
A
Why are yur study habits different frm thse f yur friends? Why d yu seem t learn faster in sme classes while mre slwly in thers? One reasn yu may nt knw is that peple have different learning types. Scientists say there are three different learning types: Visual (视觉型), Auditry (听觉型), and Kinesthetic (动觉型).
Visual learners learn best by seeing. If yu seem t easily remember infrmatin frm pictures, graphs (图表) and vides, yu are prbably a visual learner. Yu’re nt gd at cpying dwn what the teacher says in class. Never mind. Yu can draw graphs r pictures instead, if yu find that wrks better fr yu.
Auditry learners learn best by hearing. If yu seem t easily remember things by hearing them, then yu are prbably an auditry learner. Yu must listen carefully while the teacher is speaking because it’s the easiest way fr yu t learn. Smetimes yu may find that taking ntes stps yu frm listening carefully. After class, yu can write dwn what yu remember r brrw yur friends’ ntes t cpy.
Kinesthetic learners learn best by ding. If yu seem t learn best by wrking with yur hands, yu are prbably a kinesthetic learner. Taking ntes by writing can make yu pay clse attentin t infrmatin as yu receive it. Of curse, yu can learn best by making full use f labs r ther class activities.
Hpe yu learn better by knwing what yur persnal learning type is.
There are _______ different learning types accrding t the passage.
A. twB. threeC. furD. five
Jude can remember the wrds f a sng quickly by listening t it nce r twice. She might be a/an _______ accrding t the passage.
A. auditry learnerB. visual learner C. strange leanerD. usual learner
Kinesthetic learners learn best by _______.
A. remembering infrmatin frm vides
B. listening t teachers in class
C. drawing graphs r pictures
D. ding things with their hands
The best title f this passage may be “_______”.
A. Study HabitsB. Ways t Study
C. Learning TypesD. Reasns t Learn
B
New Technlgy Revlutinizes (变革) Learning
Mre and mre peple believe that technlgies are great fr learning. Tday, such teaching tls as iPads are used in a lt f curses, including language, histry and science.
Many teachers are supprters f using iPads in language learning. They say that students nw have much mre time fr discussin in the classrm. Instead f spending valuable class time listening t texts r watching teaching vides, students can d this n their wn and cme t class prepared fr discussin.
The teachers als say that iPads allw students t learn at their wn pace. Sme students might listen t a dialgue nly nce and understand it, s they can save time fr ding ther things. Other students, hwever, might need t listen t the same dialgue again and again t understand it. Using iPads is especially helpful t students wh are learning a language at different paces.
The students wh are using the new tl in sme curses are als happy. They believe that using iPads is a mre enjyable way t learn (such as listening t stries and watching mvies). The class has becme much mre interesting and creative.
There are ther advantages fr students. By using iPads, they can pay mre attentin t the material and learn mre. Teaching ntes are stred in their iPads and are easy t find. Sme students spend mre time studying nw. “I can listen t my language material r watch teaching vides n the bus, instead f having t wait until I get hme,” a student explained.
Many adults cmplain that technlgies such as iPads are ding harm t students. They wrry that students might use iPads t dwnlad teaching ntes and use them t cheat during exams. Sme believe that iPads may separate students frm each ther. If a student spends mre time watching vides n an iPad, he will have fewer pprtunities t have face-t-face cmmunicatin with thers.
Hwever, technlgies are already a part f mst students’ day-t-day lives. As fr cheating, teachers can ask students t hand in their iPads when they take exams. Educatin needs t make changes with the times as technlgy is playing an imprtant part. We shuld lk frward t a wnderful future when iPads and ther technlgies can add a lt t the classrm.
What des the expressin “at their wn pace” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Accrding t their wn timetable. B. Withut their teachers’ help.
C. Because f their wnderful gals. D. Against their parents’ hpe.
Frm the passage we can learn that ______.
A. students with iPads have less discussin in class
B. students get mre fun frm learning with iPads
C. iPads help students save time waiting fr buses
D. iPads prevent students frm cheating in exams
The writer prbably agrees that ______.
A. teachers can take cntrl f students’ learning
B. exam results depend a lt n new technlgy
C. technlgy in educatin has a bright future
D. nte-taking is as helpful as vide-watching
【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
二、阅读题型
1. 细节理解题 2. 猜测词义题 3. 逻辑推理题 4. 主旨大意题
【试题1】46—50：BABCD
一、细节理解题 1—4：DBD
二、猜测词义题 1—5：ACBDD
三、逻辑推理题 1—3：DCA
四、主旨大意题 1—3：ACA
【精讲精练】
A篇：1—4：BADC
B篇：5—7：ABC