2022年中考英语二轮复习第11讲《词语运用专题》精讲精练（含答案）

这是一份2022年中考英语二轮复习第11讲《词语运用专题》精讲精练（含答案），共10页。

《义务教育新课程标准》对词语运用试题的界定：
要求初中毕业生能够理解和领悟词语的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义；能够了解常用语言形式的基本结构和常用表意功能；能够根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；掌握单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配的使用等。
词语运用命题特点：
近几年，河南省中考英语词语运用题，保持了应用性、探究性、综合性和时代性的特征，着重考查了学生的基础能力、综合能力和书面表达能力。词语运用题主要考查学生对知识应用的熟练程度，对语言的迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力。
题材：故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等。
考察范围：介词、动词、形容词、连词、代词、名词、数词、习惯表达等，既注重语法知识和习惯用语的考查，又加强对篇章结构的理解，同时强调了写的成分。（具体见考点分布表）
河南中考英语词语运用题考点分布表：
（一）重点考查单词拼写、语言基础知识，在考查词汇的同时考查读与写的能力。这就要求考生首先要把握住短文的主旨大意，答题时除了考虑词法、句法，还要研究语篇中句子的结构、衔接和连贯等问题。
（二）以上表格显示词语运用主要考查包括名词、动词、副词、连词、代词以及介词等，基本包括所有词类。文体方面主要是以记叙文为主。今年河南省中考英语词语运用试题可能会延续以前的考查模式，设空时仍然会以名词、动词、形容词等实词为主，副词等其他的虚词也会有所涉及。
（三）重视句子之中或句子与句子之间的联系，侧重所给词的变化，如名词、动词、数词、代词、形容词等形式上的变化。
（四）试题选材符合考生的书面表达水平，文体偏重记叙文，以故事类的话题为主，短文内容贴近学生的学习和生活。词数在200左右。短文共设10个小题，每空一词，第一句话一般不设空，试题力求答案的唯一性。
词语运用注意事项
形式、词法、句法、基础知识
词语运用试题的做题步骤：
1、跳过空格，通读全文，了解大意。
2、复读全文，确定语义，判断词形。
3、利用语境，确定词形。
4、复读全文，验证答案。
词语运用的关键：
________ _________
1. 定词：
_________________________________________________________________________
2. 变形：
a._______________________________________________________________________
b._______________________________________________________________________
c._______________________________________________________________________
d._______________________________________________________________________
e._______________________________________________________________________
一、定词 ______________________
用方框内所给的词或短语进行填空，两项多余。
Tday I’m ging t talk abut rainfrests. Are yu __________ with them? They’re interesting and exciting places! Many kinds f the wrld’s plants and animals live in the rainfrests.
Hwever, rainfrests are __________ nw—they are disappearing very fast because they are cut dwn r burnt every day. As a result, __________ animals and plants are dying ut.
Maybe yu have never been t a rainfrest, s why shuld yu prtect them ___________? Rainfrests are imprtant t everyne. They are imprtant because the plants in the rainfrests make xygen. We need xygen t breathe.
Rainfrest als help t cntrl the weather. When trees are cut dwn, it _________ htter. Besides, ne quarter f ur __________ cme frm plants. Many f these plants can be fund nly in rainfrests. There is a lt that we have nt learnt abut rainfrests. If we __________ them, we will never find ut.
In my pinin, ur future _____________ saving the rainfrests. We must tell mre peple hw imprtant rainfrests are s that they will stp ding harm t them. We must prtect the rainfrests nw. We have t act nw t save ur nly hme.
二、变形 ______________________
a. 动词—___________________________________________________________________
“What is the by ding?” I asked myself and lked clsely. “Oh, he is _________ (pick) up a cin frm the grund.” When he ________ (stand) up, we saw each ther.
I asked him if he ________ (need) sme mney. He replied, “N. That’s kay.”
Frm her sad lk, Susie nticed that Mrs. Smith must ____________ (cry) fr a lng time.
They ___________ (live) here since 2000.
There is a German prverb that says, “Friendship is a plant that must be ________ (water).”
The bk written by Lu Xun ________ (sell) well.
__________ (think) abut the cnnectins (联系) between wrds may help yu t remember them.
Many children are left alne in the cuntryside. Let’s try ur best ___________ (help) them.
Wuld yu please give me as many ___________ (suggest) as pssible?
The windw __________ (break) by Jim yesterday has been mended.
Dn’t yu see a by __________ (run) twards us?
b. 形容词副词—_____________________________________________________________
The shark gt her left arm, and hurt her _________ (bad). Luckily, she tried her best and swam back t the land.
He felt ________ (true) srry fr what he said.
This kind f cffee tastes very _________ (well).
Her little dg died yesterday. This made her very __________ (happy).
A persn wh is __________ (hnest) always tells lies.
She didn’t give up her dream f becming a surfer, but she had t practice _________ (hard) than befre.
Ma Yun, head f Alibaba, is ne f _____________ (rich) persns in the wrld.
There’s nt much ____________ (different) in price between the tw mbile phnes.
c. 名词—___________________________________________________________________
All thse freign __________ (thief) have been caught.
All parents wrry abut their _________ (child) success.
D yu knw the girl? She is a friend f my _________ (sister).
The stry is really __________ (humr). It makes all f us laugh a lt.
I want t learn hw t eat __________ (health).
d. 数词—___________________________________________________________________
Mst peple speak English as a ________ (tw) language.
Tw ________ (five) f the students in ur class are league members.
They g t the library ________ (ne) a week.
e. 代词—___________________________________________________________________
Mther asked the Greens t help ________ (they) t sme pears.
My hbby is reading cmic bks, what abut ________(yu)?
There isn’t ____________ (smething) wrng with the cmputer.
f. 介词连词
年份
分类
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
文体
记叙文
记叙文
记叙文
记叙文
记叙文
记叙文
词数
239
230
204
192
152
197
话题
讲述了当今社会人们把太多时间放在智能手机上，却忽略真实生活中的人和事的现象
讲述了一种当前最受欢迎的心形手势
高中的学生在奥克兰的机场卖咖啡的故事
讲述了一个“以其人之道，还治其人之身”的故事
迈克尔·杰克逊的经历和演唱生涯
人生价值
考点分布（分值）
名词
2
2
2
2
2
1
代词
1
1
1
1
1
1
动词
3
3
3
3
2
2
形容词
2
2
/
2
1
2
连词
1
1
1
/
/
1
介词
/
1
/
1
1
1
副词
1
/
2
1
2
1
数词
/
/
1
/
1
1
varius similar with care familiar in truble
destry medicines depends n machines gets
【精讲精练】
A
请用适当的词完成下面的短文。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
The Great Wall is knwn as the eighth wnder f the wrld. Every year thusands f turists frm all ver the wrld cme t visit this place f 1_______ in China.
Last Saturday I went t the Great Wall 2________ sme f my friends. It was a sunny day. On ur way up, we saw many vlunteers keeping rder in the sun. They helped the elders with their bags, 3_______ phts fr sme turists and answered peple’s questins. Thugh they are very 4_______, they didn’t stp t have a rest. We were deeply mved when we saw this.
Just at that mment, we saw 5_______ little by standing alne and crying. We went ver and asked what 6_______ t him. Frm his answer we knew that he culdn’t find his mther. We tld him nt t 7_______ abut it and then we tried t get in tuch with his mther with the phne number he gave us. Twenty minutes 8_______, his mther turned up. When she saw her sn, she was very excited and thanked 9_______ with tears in her eyes.
That day we nt nly enjyed the beauty f the Great Wall, but als felt the warmth f the sciety. 10_______ everyne can reach ut a helping hand t thers, the wrld arund us will be mre and mre harmnius (和谐的).
1.________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5.__________
6.________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 10._________
B
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词）
Frank was a curius by. The first time he saw an hurglass (沙漏), he wndered what it was.
His mther said, “An hurglass is made in the s___11___ f 8. The sand is put in at ne end, and runs thrugh a small hle in the m___12___. It takes the sand exactly an hur t run thrugh.”
Frank w___13___ the little stream f sand. He was i___14___, because it wuld nt run faster. “Let me shake it, mther,” said he. “It is lazy, and will never get thrugh.”
“It will, Sn,” said his mther. “The sand mves little by little, but it mves all the time. When yu lk at the hands f the clck, yu think they g very s___15___, but they never stp. While yu are at play, the sand is r___16___, grain by grain. The hands f the clck are mving, secnd by secnd. At night, the sand in the hurglass has run thrugh twelve times. The hur hand f the clck has mved a___17___ its great face. This is because they keep wrking every minute. They d nt stp t t___18___ hw much they have t d and hw lng it will take them t d it.”
Nw, Frank’s mther wanted him t learn a little pem, but he said, “Mther, I can never learn i___19___.” His mther said, “Study all the time. N___20___ stp t ask hw lng it will take t learn it.”
Frank fllwed his mther’s advice. He studied line after line, very busily; and in ne and a half hurs he knew the pem perfectly.
11.________ 12._________ 13._________ 14._________ 15.__________
16.________ 17._________ 18._________ 19._________ 20.__________
C
用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。
Animals are imprtant in Indian culture and are treated in a special way. Fr example, a lt f elephants aren’t 21______. They are dmesticated (驯养的). They aren’t kept as pets, but as wrking animals. Every wrking elephant 22______ its wn keeper. An elephant and its keeper meet fr the first time when they are bth yung, and they grw up tgether. In fact, their relatinship cntinues fr the rest f the elephant’s 23______ —perhaps 40 years. Lts f elephants wrk in the frest, mving heavy 24______ when they are cut dwn. Sme give rides t turists, r 25______ peple during celebratins and festivals. Keepers take excellent care f their elephants, feeding them 26______ and giving them a bath at the end f the wrking day.
27______ special animal in India is the cw. Cws are prtected animals, 28______ they aren’t kept n farms r killed fr fd, althugh peple d use their milk. S in India yu can ften see cws walking arund twns and cities, and nbdy tries 29______ them. If they sit dwn in the middle f the rad, peple 30______ drive arund them! D yu think it’s interesting?
21. __________ 22. __________23. __________ 24. __________25. __________
26. __________ 27. __________ 28. __________ 29. __________30. __________
anther carry cntrl have life well tree s usual wild
【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
词语运用的关键：定词 变形
1. 定词：动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、连词、冠词、感叹词
2. 变形：
a. 动词：时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性变化等
b. 形容词/副词：词性变化、反义词、级别变化等
c. 名词：单复数、名词所有格、词性变化等
d. 数词：基数词序数词变化、单复数等
e. 代词：单复数、反身代词、(人称代词)主宾格、形物代/名物代、(不定代词)肯否含义等
一、定词 （动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、连词、冠词、感叹词）
familiar, in truble, varius, with care, gets, medicines, destry, depends n
二、变形
a. 动词—时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性变化等
1. picking；std2. needed3. have cried4. have lived5. watered
6. sells7. Thinking8. t help 9. suggestins 10. brken 11. running
b. 形容词副词—词性变化、反义词、级别变化等
12. badly 13. truly 14. gd 15. unhappy 16. dishnest
17. harder18. the richest 19. difference
c. 名词—单复数、名词所有格、词性变化等
20. thieves 21. children’s 22. sister’s 23. humrus24. healthily
d. 数词—基数词序数词变化、单复数等
25. secnd 26. fifths 27. nce
e. 代词—单复数、反身代词、(人称代词)主宾格、形物代/名物代、(不定代词)肯否含义等
28. themselves 29. yurs 30. anything
【精讲精练】
A篇
1. interest 2. with 3. tk 4. tired 5. a
6. happened 7. wrry8. later 9. us 10. If
B篇
11. shape 12. middle 13. watched 14. impatient 15. slw/slwly
16. running 17. arund 18. think 19. it 20. Never
C篇
21. wild 22. has 23. life 24. trees 25. carry
26. well27. Anther 28. s 29. t cntrl 30. usually