2022年高考英语语法解析--情态动词考查热点透视学案

这是一份2022年高考英语语法解析--情态动词考查热点透视学案，共8页。学案主要包含了情态动词表推测，“情态动词+完成式”，常见的情态动词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
情态动词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，下面通过一些考题出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。
一、情态动词表推测
1. 肯定的推测一般用must, shuld, may(might)或culd(不用can)，其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”;shuld的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测;may(might)，culd的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。
①Helen _______ g n the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet.
A. shall B. must
C. may D. can
②—I’ve taken smene else’s green sweater by mistake.
—It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green.
A. has t be B. will be
C. mustn’t be D. culd be
③I have lst ne f my glves. I _______ it smewhere.
A. must drp
B. must have drpped
C. must be drpping
D. must have been drpped
④If I ____ plan t d anything I wanted t ,I’d like t g t Tibet and travel thrugh as much f it as pssible.
A. wuld B. culd
C. had t D. ught t
Key: C D B B
2. 否定推测分为两种情况：
1)语气不很肯定时，常用may nt, might nt或culd nt，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。
Yu might just as well tell the manufacturer that male custmers ______ nt like the design f the furniture.
A. must B. shall
C. may D. need
Key： C
2)否定语气较强时，则用can’t，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。
①—D yu knw where David is? I culdn’t find him anywhere.
—Well. He ______ have gne far——his cat’s still here.
A. shuldn’t B. mustn’t
C. can’t D. wuldn’t
②— Isn’t that Ann’s husband ver there?
— N, it _______ be him I’m sure he desn’t wear glasses.
A. can’t B. must nt
C. wn’t D. may nt
Key: C A
3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或culd。
Mr. Bush is n time fr everything. Hw ______ it be that he was late fr the pening ceremny?A. can B. shuld
C. may D. must
Key：A
4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”;否定推测常用“can, culd, may, might等+完成式”。
①I was n the highway when this car went past fllwed by a plice car. They _______ at least 150 kilmeters an hur.
A. shuld have been ding
B. must have been ding
C. culd have dne
D. wuld have dne
②He _______ have cmpleted his wrk; therwise, he wuldn’t be enjying himself by seaside. A. shuld B. must
C. wuldn’t D. can’t
③—Tm is never late fr wrk. Why is be absent tday?
—Smething ________ t him.
A. must happen
B. shuld have happened
C. culd have happened
D. must have happened
④ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternn, s he_____yur lecture.
A. culdn’t have attended
B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended
D. shuldn’t have attended
Key: B B D A
二、“情态动词+完成式”
1. “shuld(ught t)+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
①—I’ll tell Mary abut her new jb tmrrw.
— Yu________ her last week.
A. ught t tell
B. wuld have tld
C. must tell
D. shuld have tld
②Oh, I’m nt feeling well in the stmach, I _____ s much fried chicken just nw.
A. shuldn’t eat
B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shuldn’t have eaten
D. mustn’t eat
Key: D C
2. “culd+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。
He paid fr a seat, when he ______ have entered free.
A. culd B. wuld
C. must D. need
Key：A
3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：
Yu needn’t have watered the flwers, fr it is ging t rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。
— Catherine, I have cleaned the rm fr yu.
— Thanks. Yu ______ it. I culd manage it myself.
A. needn’t d
B. needn’t have dne
C. mustn’t d
D. shuldn’t have dne
Key: B
情态动词考查热点透视(2)
三、常见的情态动词
1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
①“The interest be divided int five parts, accrding t the agreement made by bth sides，” declared the judge.
A. may B. shuld
C. must D. shall
②—Excuse me, but I want t use yur cmputer t type a reprt.
— Yu ______ have my cmputer if yu dn’t take care f it.A. shan’t B. might nt
C. needn’t D. shuldn’t
③ — The rm is s dirty. ______ we clean it?
— Of curse.
A. Will B. Shall
C. Wuld D. D
Key: D A B
2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”;mustn’t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。
①Jhn, lk at the time. _______ yu play the pian at such a late hur?
A. Must B. Can
C. May D. Need
②Tm, yu leave all yur clthes n the flr like this!A. wuldn’t B. mustn’t
C. needn’t D. may nt
Key: A B
3. needn’t表示“没有必要”。
— Lucy desn’t mind lending yu her dictinary.
— She ______. I’ve already brrwed ne.
A. can’t B. mustn’t
C. needn’t D. shuldn’t
Key: C
4. wuld表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
When he was there, he ___ g t that cffee shp at the crner after wrk every day.
A. wuld B. shuld
C. had better D. might
Key: A
5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able t，而不能用culd。
The fire spread thrugh the htel very quickly but everyne _____ get ut.
A. had t B. wuld
C. was able t D. culd
Key：C
6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况
①—Write t me when yu get hme.
— _______.
A. I must B. I shuld
C. I will D. I can
② — Culd I call yu by yur first name?
—Yes, yu ______.
A. will B. culd
C. may D. might
Key：C C
巩固练习：
1. Michael ______ be a pliceman, fr he is much t shrt.
A. needn’t B. can’t
C. shuld D. may
2. I tld Sally hw t get here, but perhaps I ____ fr her.
A. had t write it ut
B. must have written it ut
C. shuld have written it ut
D. ught t write it ut
3. Jack _____ yet, therwise he wuld have telephned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived
B. shuldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived
D. needn’t have arrived
4. Sir, yu ______be sitting in this waiting rm. It is fr wmen and children nly.
A. mustn’t B. can’t
C. wn’t D. needn’t
5. A left-luggage ffice is a place where bags _______ be left fr a shrt time, especially at a railway statin.
A. shuld B. can
C. must D. will
6. — Is Jhn cming by train?
— He shuld, but he _____ nt. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can
C. need D. may
7. It has been annunced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been cllected.
A. can B. will
C. may D. shall
8. Yu can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be s rude t a lady.
A. might B. need
C. shuld D. wuld
9. —Dn’t frget t cme t my birthday party tmrrw.
—_______.
A. I dn’t B. I wn’t
C. I can’t D. I haven’t
10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-rm this mrning. She ______ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spken
B. shuldn’t have spken
C. needn’t have spken
D. culdn’t have spken
答案与解析
1. B 从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度，needn’t意思是“没有必要”，与语境不符。
2. C 根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿，但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知，说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味，应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式，“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测，“shuld+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。
3. C 根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打电话了”可知“Jack肯定还没到”，“can’t+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。
4. A 从第二分句可知，这是妇女和儿童专用候车室，因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustn’t表示“禁止，不准”。
5. B can在此表示许可。
6. D 从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。must nt不表示推测，can nt的语气太绝对，意思是“根本不可能”。
7. D shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。
8. C shuld在此表示惊讶的感情色彩，意思是“竟然”。
9. B 对祈使句的肯定回答用I will;否定回答用I wn’t。
10. D 根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”， 所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不可能”用can’t/culdn’t have dne形式。