2022年高中英语语法知识梳理--综合时态（现在完成+过去完成+将来完成+过去将来）学案

这是一份2022年高中英语语法知识梳理--综合时态（现在完成+过去完成+将来完成+过去将来）学案，共9页。学案主要包含了现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来时等内容，欢迎下载使用。


动词时态的用法 六、现在完成时
六、现在完成时
1.基本用法
（1）表示现在为止刚刚完成的动作。
He has bught a new car recently.他最近买了辆新车。
I haven’t heard frm Jane lately.我最近没收到珍妮的信。
（2）表示过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态。
I have cllected cins fr many years.我收集硬币有很多年了。
Gerge has been in business since he finished cllege.乔治大学毕业之后就一直经商。
I have studied English since 2005.我从2005年起就学习英语。
Up t nw，the wrk has been easy.到现在为止这工作还算容易。
2.现在完成时常用状语
recently 近来 lately 最近 s far/up till/until nw 到目前为止
in recent years 在最近几年里 in the past/last few years 在过去的几年里
3.延续性动词和非延续性动词
（1）延续性动词：可与fr，since引导的状语连用。
drink 喝 eat 吃 fly 飞 have 有 keep 保持knw 知道
lie 躺着 live 住 play 玩 rain 下雨 read 读 run 跑
sing 喝 sleep 睡觉 smke 抽烟 snw 下雪 stand 站 talk 说
wait 等 walk 走 wear 穿 wrk 工作
We’ve lived here since 1990.从1990年起我们就在这里住了。
I’ve knwn him fr many years.我认识他有许多年了。
He has been here fr a week.他已来了一个星期。
I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
（2）非延续性动词：不能与fr，since引导的状语连用。
admit 承认 arrive 到达 begin 开始 brrw 借
buy 买 break 打破 clse 关闭 cme 来 die 死 fall 倒 g 走 hit 击中 jin 加入 jump 跳 leave 离开 lse 丢 marry 结婚 pen 打开
put 放 start 开始 stp 停
He has always gne t wrk by bike.他总是骑自行车上班。
I’ll g t bed when I’ve finished my hmewrk.我做完作业后就上床睡觉。
The ship has just arrived frm Tanzania.这艘轮船刚从坦桑尼亚到达这里。
Has yur brther left schl yet？ 你兄弟已经毕业了吗？
（3）相互替代的延续性动词和非延续性动词
续表
The ld man died 4 years ag.老人四年前去世的。（非延续性）
The ld man has been dead fr 4 years.（延续性）
He jined the Party 2 years ag.两年前他入党了。（非延续性）
He has been in the Party fr 2 years.（延续性）
I bught the bk 5 days ag.五天前我买的这本书。（非延续性）
I have had the bk fr 5 days.（延续性）
（4）have gne t 与have been t的区别
He has been t Paris three times.他去过巴黎三次了。
He has gne t Paris nw.他现在去巴黎了。
【提示】 后接here，there，hme等地点副词时，要省略t。
I have been here nly nce.我只去过一次。
He’s gne hme already.他已经回家了。
4.现在完成时的常用句式
（1）in/fr/during the past/last ，意为“在过去……年中”。
In the past tw years I’ve seen him little.过去两年我很少见到他。
I have been here （fr）the last/past mnth.最近一个月里我都在这儿。
（2）It’s/will be the first time that dne ...，意为“第一次……”。
It’s the first time I’ve cme here.这是我第一次来这儿。
It is the third time that I have visited yur beautiful city.
这是我第三次参观你们这座美丽的城市了。
Dn’t frget，it’ll be the first time I’ve spken in public.
别忘了，这是我第一次在公共场合发言。
（3）主语+is+the+形容词最高级+名词+that+have dne ...
She is the mst beautiful girl that I have ever seen in my life.
她是我这辈子看过的最美丽的女孩。
【比较】
①That’s the mst interesting bk （that）I’ve ever read.（从句用现在完成时）
②That was the mst interesting bk （that）I had ever read.（从句用过去完成时）5.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
（1）一般过去时纯属过去的事情；现在完成时表示动作发生在过去对现在的影响。
I’ve lived here fr ten years.我在这里住了10年。（现在仍住这儿）
I lived here fr ten years.我在这里住过10年。（现在不住这儿了）
He bught a huse ten years ag.十年前他买了栋房子。（现在不一定有房子）
He has bught a huse.他已经买了栋房子。（他现在有房子）
He was a teacher then.他那时是个教师。（他曾经当过老师）
He has been a teacher since then.他从那时起一直当教师。（他现在还是教师）
（2）现在完成时不用于when引导的特殊疑问句中，但可与where，why等疑问词连用。
When did the train leave？ 火车什么时候开的？（一般过去时）
Where have yu been？ 你去哪里了？（现在完成时）
Why has he gne t Australia？ 他为何去了澳大利亚？（现在完成时）
【辨析】你什么时候和他首次见面的？
【误】When have yu first met him？
【正】When did yu first meet him？
（3）表示过去的时间状语不用于现在完成时，只能用于一般过去时。
She lived here tw years ag.两年前她住在这里。
He has been in the League fr three years.他入团已经三年了。
Tm wrte a letter t his parents last night.昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。
【辨析】她两年前就住在这里了。
【误】She has lived here tw years ag.
【正】She has lived here since tw years ag.
动词时态的用法 七、过去完成时
七、过去完成时
1.基本用法
（1）表示在过去某时或过去另一动作之前所完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。
She had learned English befre she came t England.她在来英国以前已学过英文了。
I went there at the time agreed upn，but they had already disappeared.
我在约好的时间去那里，但是他们早已散去了。
I asked him if he had ever seen a whale blwing.我问他是否看过鲸喷水。
（2）表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间，并可能继续下去的动作或状态，常与by或befre引导的时间状语连用。
We hadn’t seen each ther befre we left Paris.离开巴黎之前我们一直没见过面。
We had learnt fifteen lessns by last week.到上周为止，我们学完了十五篇课文。
2.常与过去完成时连用的时间状语
by the end f last week 到上周末为止 by that time 到那时为止
befre that year 那年之前 befre I did ...在我……之前
when I did ...在我……时
3.过去完成时的常用句式
（1）“had dne+t d”或“did+t have dne”，表示未曾实现的过去的愿望。
常用动词：expect hpe imagine intend mean plan suppse think
want wish
I had hped t pass the examinatin.我曾希望能通过考试。（实际未通过）
I hped t have passed the examinatin.
He had wanted t buy a huse in Beijing.他本想在北京买栋房子。（实际没买）
He wanted t have bught a huse in Beijing.
I had meant t cme，but smething happened.
我本想来，但有事就没有来。（实际没来）
I meant t have cme,but smething happened.
We had thught t return early.我们本想早回来的。（实际没回来）
we thught t have returned early.
I had intended t call n yu.我本来打算去拜访你的，但没办法。（实际上没有拜访）
I intended t have called n yu,but in vain.
（2）it/this was the first time that dne ...，意为“这是某人第一次……”。
This was the first time he had ever been late.这是他第一次迟到。
It was the first time that he had left hmetwn.这是他第一次离开故乡。
（3）n sner ，hardly （befre），scarcely （befre）
He had hardly arrived when it began t snw.他一到，天就下起雪来了。
I had scarcely left the huse when it began t rain.我刚离开家，天就开始下雨。
We had n sner set ut than a thunderstrm brke.我们刚出发就遇到了大雷雨。
【提示】 当n sner/scarcely/hardly用在句首时语序用倒装，主句要用过去完成时。
Hardly had he arrived when it began t snw.
Scarcely had I left the huse when it began t rain.
N sner had we set ut than a thunderstrm brke.
（4）By the time+从句+did ...，主语+had dne ...
By the time we arrived，everyne had received medical care.
我们到达时，每个人都已接受了医疗护理。
By the time the fld came，mst f the inhabitants had left their hmes.
洪水到来前，大部分居民已离开他们的家园。
（5）It was+一段时间+since+had
It was ten years since we had enjyed urselves.十年我们都没这么高兴了。
It was ver a year nw since he had seen her.他上次见她以来已经一年多了。
动词时态的用法 八、将来完成时
八、将来完成时
1.基本用法
（1）表示未来某时之前或未来某动作前已经完成之动作。
By the end f this week，I shall have finished the bk.到本周末，我将读完这本书。
By this time tmrrw they will have repaired the machine.
明天这时候，他们将修好机器。
（2）表示对现在或将来可能已经完成动作的推测，相当于“must have dne”结构。
Yu will have heard f this，I guess.我想你已经听说过这件事了。
I am sure he will have gt the infrmatin.我相信他一定得到了这个信息。
（3）表示持续到将来某时已经一段时间的动作。
They will have been married fr thirty years by 2009.到2009年他们结婚将满30年了。
We shall have lived here fr five years by next March.
到明年3月我们将在此住了5年。
2.将来完成时的常用句式
（1）By the time+主语+一般现在时，主句+will/shall have dne ...
The children will have gne t sleep by the time we get hme.
等我们回家时，孩子们将已睡了。
【比较】
①By the time he returns we will have prepared the meal.（主句用将来完成时）
②By the time he returned we had prepared the meal.（主句用过去完成时）
（2）By the end f next ...，主句+will/shall have dne ...
By the end f next year，they will have cmpleted the wrk n the new stadium.
到明年年底前他们将已经完成新体育馆的建设。
By the end f next mnth，they will have built the bridge.
到下月底前他们将已经完成大桥的建设。
【比较】
①By the end f next term we will have read 300 bks.（主句用将来完成时）
②By the end f last term we had read ver 300 bks.（主句用过去完成时）
动词时态的用法 九、过去将来时
九、过去将来时
1.基本用法：表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作或状态
He tld us he wuld help us.他告诉我们他会帮助我们。
I knew yu wuld agree.我当时就知道你会同意的。
【提示】 过去将来时主要用于宾语从句中。
2.过去将来时的表示形式
（1）shuld/wuld d表示“将要做某事”
He tld me that I shuld succeed.他说我会成功。
I tld him I wuld see him ff at the statin.我跟他说，我会到车站去给他送行。
（2）was/were+ging t d表示“准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事”
They were ging t have a meeting.他们曾经打算开个会。
I thught it was ging t rain.那时我以为要下雨了。
（3）was/were t d表示“计划，打算做某事”
He was t meet her at 10 n the street.他约定和她10点钟在街上见面。
The freign diplmats were t see the President.外国使节将要会见总统。
【提示】 “was/were t have dne”表示过去没有完成的动作。
We were t have left at 6 last night.我们本来计划昨晚6点离开的。
（4）was/were abut t d=was/were n the pint f ding表示“正要……时”
He was abut t leave when we came in.我们进来时，他正要动身。
He was n the pint f leaving when we came in.
I was abut t g t bed when he came t see me.我正要睡觉，他来看我了。
I was n the pint f ging t bed when He came t see me.
（5）g，cme，leave，begin/start，take ff等用过去进行时代替过去将来时
A lt f peple were cming t watch the firewrks.有许多人要来观看焰火。
She tld mther that she was ging t a dance with Tm.
她告诉母亲，她要和汤姆一起去参加一个舞会。