英语八年级下册Unit 1 Past and PresentGrammar学案及答案

Unit 1  Past and present

Grammar

【学习目标】

1.掌握现在完成时的基本结构、基本用法和动词过去分词的变化规律。

2.能够在语境中正确运用现在完成时。

3.理解并运用常和现在完成时连用的时间表达方式。 

【导学过程】

一、自主预习（3分钟，正确读音，书写工整）

写出下列单词的过去分词

1. come _________2.hold_________ 3.lend_________ 4.catch_________ 5.be_________

6. draw _________7.carry _________8.stop _________9.visit_________ 10. live_________

二、课堂探究

Step1 Lead in

1.T: When did you have breakfast?   

T: When did you study in this school?

2.Show a picture of TFboys and present the present perfect tense

T: Do you know them?

Have you heard their songs before?

Step 2 Presentation

现在完成时用法：

She has had breakfast.

用法1：现在完成时表动作发生在过去并对现在造成影响。

He has lived here for two years.

用法2：现在完成时表动作发生在过去并一直持续到现在，有可能继续持续下去。

They have been to Hong Kong once.

用法3：现在完成时表到现在为止某动作发生了多少次。

2.Structure of the present perfect tense

sb + have/has + done

3. Work out the rule

阅读五个句子，讨论并完成问题
1） She has helped the children with their lessons for an hour.
2.）They have learned English for three years.
3） I /we have not told it to him.
4） Jim has not seen the film before.
5）Has he finished his homework yet?   Yes, he has./No, he hasn’t.    
1）现在完成时结构
肯定：______+_______+_____              
  否定：______ + ______+______
  一般疑问句：把________提前
  肯定回答 ______ / 否定回答_______           
2）have not 可缩写成____has not 可缩写成 ___

4. Form the past participles of regular verbs

1）大多数动词末尾加_____

2)结尾是e的动词加_______

3)结尾是“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词________

4)结尾是元音+y结尾的动词____________

Step 3 Practice

Finish the exercises on page 14.

Step 4 现在完成时的时间状语

1.  副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。

2. 副词ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 

3. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,  如 : just,  before,   recently等。

三、当堂反馈

小组PK测验

（一）选择题

(    )1. I have finished my homework ____.

        Have you finished your homework  ____?

1. yet, yet    B. yet, already   C. already, yet   D. already, already

(    )2. I haven’t seen Kate ____ 4 months.

        A. Already    B. since        C. for          D. yet

(    )3. He has ____ seen the film Harry Potter. So he knows nothing about it.

        A. already    B. ever         C. never        D.  yet 

(    ) 4. She has been ill in bed ____ two days ago.

        A. since      B. in           C. during       D. for

解析：

Grammar

一、自主预习

1. come   2.held   3.lent  4.caught  5.been

6.drawn  7.carried   8.stopped  9.visited  10. lived

三、当堂反馈

1.C  already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句或疑问句。故选C。

2.C  for+一段时间 用于现在完成时。由“4months”可知是一段时间，故选C。

3.C  由下文“he knows nothing about it”可知他没有看过这部电影。A. already 已经 B. ever 曾经 C. never 从不  D.  yet 还，故选C。

4.A   since+一段时间+ago 用于现在完成时，故选A。