高中定语从句-语法疏通课件PPT

这是一份高中定语从句-语法疏通课件PPT，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了知识准备，定语从句，形容词作定语，关系代词的实质，a machine，先行词和关系词的关系，先行词是人，先行词是物，作主语，whom等内容，欢迎下载使用。

什么是定语： 用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。
定语 修饰和限定名词和代词的词。通常由形容词，代词(多为形容词性物主代词），数词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词和从句（定语从句）来担当。 a kind girl, a bk n the desk I have hmewrk t finish. the fallen leaves the by wh is very smart
定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置。The girl in red is his sister.The by called Jim is my brther。The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.D yu knw the man wh spke just nw?
Which ne is Harry Prter ?
The by is Harry Ptter .
定语从句相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词。1. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词：wh, whm(作宾语成分）, whse, that, which 关系副词：when（时间）, where（地点）,why（原因）
名词/代词 + 定语从句
Which ne is Harry Ptter ?
The by _______________________ is Harry Prter .
wh is wearing glasses
一、概念:　在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.
Harry Ptter is a smart by.
Harry Ptter is a by wh has magic pwer.
句子作定语,修饰by, 叫做定语从句
(在主句中作定语)
限制性和非限制性非限制性定语从句前面有______
先行词 (antecedent)
关系词 (relative)
定语从句(attributive clause)
that, which, wh, whm, whse
where, when，why
The by wh is wearing glasses is Harry Prter .
Jin the fllwing sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.
the machine
that /which
关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词
1.A plane is a machine that can by wh brke the windw is called by whse parents are dead was brught up by his schl where I study is far frm my hme.
the machine = that
the by’s =whse
in the schl = where
关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
关系词whse实际上是先行词的所有格
关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
关系代词和关系副词的作用： 1、引导作用 2、替代作用 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用Eg: 1.Thse wh want t g please shuld be ready.2. Bill, wh was my student , asked me questins.
关系词引导定语从句，同时指代先行词在 定语从句中充当的成分所以先行词在定语从句中不再出现,也不用其他词代替
Bill is a by wh I teach him.
关系代词:引导定语从句的关系代词
These are the trees which / that were planted last year.
wh whm whse that which
These are the students wh / that wn the first place last year.
关系副词:引导定语从句的关系副词
when, where, why
Fill in the frm.
指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man wh came t ur schl is Mr. Wang. ( )2.The girl (whm) I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child whse parents are dead is called Tm. ( )4.I like the bk (which) yu bught yesterday. ( )
1. I’ve cme t the pint
I can’t stand him.
a war will
某些抽象地点名词如：pint,situatin, case，stage,cnditin,ccasin，atmsphere，spt，scene, psitin，system等表示“程度，情况，情况，舞台，条件，场合，气氛，点，场景，位置，系统”或为activity，party等表示“活动，聚会”意思而且作定语从句中的状语时，其后定语从句常由where引导。
2. The cuntry is in the situatin break ut at any time.
关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。不能省略.关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词结构。1、When指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。 He tld me the date when(n which) he jined the Party.2、Where指地点，在定语从句中充当地点状语。 This is the place where(in which) we lived ten years ag.3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。 I knw the reasn why(fr which) she was s angry.
1. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. Can yu explain t me hw t use these idims with which I’m nt familiar.2. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the was funded.
The bk __________ I heard was written 20 years ag.The peple __________ the man spke weren’t listening.The film __________ I fell asleep was very bring.The pen __________ she wrte that bk can nw be seen in a museum.The little creature __________ scientists are interested is knwn as ET.The gun __________ he was sht was never fund.
This is the car ____which I paid 100$.This is the car ____which I spent 100$.This is the car ____which I g t wrk every day.This is the car ______ which I can’t g t wrk.This is the car ____which the ld man was kncked dwn.This is the car ____which a by threw a stne.This is the car ______which we talked .This is the car ____which the windw was brken.
3.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
Whse引起从句可转换为“ f +关系代词”型，即 the+ n + f +which/whm 如：eg. They live in a huse, whse dr pens t the suth.They lived in a huse, f which the dr pens t the suth.They lived in a huse, the dr f which pen t the suth.
1)Hangzhu is the place ______ I went last summer.2)He read the bk ___________ his sister had tld him abut.3) The reasn ______________ Peter is s happy is that he passed the exam.4) I remember the day ____________ my father died. I was nly ten years ld at that time.5) Please give me the reasn ______ yu were late.6) I will g back t the place ______________ I grew up and live there frever.
why/ fr which
which/that/ x
When/n which
Where/in which
This is the reasn__________ he gave me. This is the reasn___________ he was late.
This is the factry ________ my father wrked. This is the factry ___________ my father visited .
Octber 1 is a day _________ we will never frget.Octber 1 is a day ______ur new China was funded.
难点：关系代词还是关系副词?
关系词在 定从中作 主语或者 宾语时
cnclusin :关系词在 定从中作 状语时
如何选用定语从句的关系词
1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.判断从句中缺少什么成分，若缺主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若缺状语，则选择关系副词；3.再看先行词，指人用wh,whm,that, whse,that; 指物用 that，which。
1. wh, whm, whse, that 用法区别
① wh 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man wh is speaking at the meeting is a wrker.
The man is a wrker.
The man is speaking at the meeting.
② whm 作定语从句的宾语
The wman whm they wanted t visit is a teacher.
The wman is a teacher.
They wanted t visit the wman.
③ that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.
The wman (whm / that) they wanted t visit is a teacher.
The man wh / that is speaking at the meeting is a wrker.
④ whse 作定语从句的定语 (whse既可以指人，也可以指物).
I knw the girl whse mther is a teacher.
I knw the girl.
The girl’s mther is a teacher.
I have a bk whse cver is yellw.
2. which, that 的用法
which /that 作定语从句的主语和宾语.
I like the bk (which / that) yu bught yesterday.
This is a truck which / that is made in China.
which / that 指物,作主语,不能省。作宾语，可以省。
This is a bkI bught the bk yesterday.
This is the bk which/that I bught yesterday.
The dg has been fund.The dg was lst.
The dg which was lst has been fund.
① 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
Tm is the cleverest by that I have ever knwn.
This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
3. 只能用that的情况
②先行词被every, sme, n, all, any, little, much等修饰时。
I’ve read all the bks that yu lend me.
③ 当先行词为不定代词all, ne, few, little, n, sme, any, everything, nthing, nbdy, nne等时。
Everything that we saw in this film was true. This is all that I want frm the schl.
④ 先行词被the nly, the very, the same, the last,nly, just, very, right, last修饰时。
1. This is the very bk that belngs t him.2. This is the very bk that I am lking fr these days.
⑤ 主句已有wh或which时
Wh is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.
⑥ 当先行词同时指人和物时
1. I’ve never heard f the peple and things that yu talked abut just nw.2. D yu knw the things and persns that they are talking abut?
4. 只能用which的情况
This is the huse in which Luxun nce lived.
The Changjiang River, which is the lngest river in China, runs frm west t east int the sea.
* 介词后面和逗号后面不用that
(3)先行词是指物的that,thse She fund that which he lked fr.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时
(1)关系代词作介词宾语时
1.Anyne wh breaks the law is wh break the law are wh breaks the law is wh has nt been t the Great Wall is nt a true man.
在, anyne, thse, he,that,yu,they 作先行词时(指人）, 用”wh” 不用 “that”.
when可用in/n/at/during +which 代替
用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：
I still remember the day when (= n which) I first came t Nanjing.
My father was brn in the year when (= in which) Wrld War Ⅱ brke ut.
where可用in/n/at/t + which 代替
用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：
This is the farm where (= n which) we wrked when we were yung.
The schl where (= in which) his mther teaches is in the west f the city.
why可用fr +which 代替
用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：
There are several reasns why (= fr which) the bys shuld be punished.
Tm culdn’t give the teacher the reasn why (= fr which) he was late fr schl.
8. 非限制性定语从句
1. 非限制性定语从句的定义
非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。不用that 引导。
My watch, which is very ld, stpped again.
2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：
This is the best bk that I have read.
This is a gd bk, which is easy t understand.
(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as或which引导。
(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。
(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。
Under the big tree are 34 students, many f them cme frm Class Tw.My mther has a gd bk, which cver lks terrible.This is the very pen that yu gave it t me befre.The weather turned ut t be very gd, that was ut f ur expect.
9. As 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
1. as引导非限定语从句可以放在句首，句中，或主句后面； which引导非限定语从句放在主句后面Eg:As is knwn t all,Taiwan belngs t China.Mary was late again ,which made the teacher angry.2. as引导非限定语从句有“正如”“ 正象”之义，而 which 没有,常见的结构有：As we all knw,as everybdy can see, as is knwn t all,as is said abve…Eg:Paper, as we all knw,was first made in China.
1. what不引导定语从句.what=all that I want t give yu what I have.(宾语从句）2. 先行词被the same 修饰时，关系代词既可用that, 也可用as.但意义不同，前者表示“同一的”，后者表示“同样的”。3. 关系副词when/where/why其含义相当于n which/in which/fr which等可交替使用。如：The day when/n which I met him first was May 1st.4.当先行词为专有名词或整个句子是世界上独一无二的名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。
5. way 后面定语从句：Please prnunce the wrd the way she des. I admire the way in which(that) the teacher gave his lessns.6. 含有定语从句的强调句：Was it in the reading-rm where Kate met yu that yu read the magazine?It was in the lab which was in the charge f him that they did the experiment
由Wh 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\ 宾语
1、D yu knw the man ___ is talking with yur father? A. whse B. wh C. which2、The bys ___ the teacher talked t are frm Class One. A. when B. which C. wh3、Thse ___ want t g t the museum must be at the schl gate at 7 tmrrw mrning. A. wh B. which C. whm
4. The gentleman ___ yu tld me yesterday prved t be a thief. A. wh B. abut whm C. whm5. The dctr ___ yu are lking fr is in the rm. A. whm B. what C. which6. The teacher fr ____ yu are waiting has cme. A. wh B. whm C. that
由Whm 引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语
7. A child ___ parents are dead is called an rphan. A. which B. his C. whse 8. This bk is fr the students ___ native(本国的) language is nt English. A. that B. f whm C. whse 9. The by ___ cmpsitin wn the first prize is the yungest in the grup. A. wh B. whse C. that
由Whse 引导的定语从句, 在句中做定语
10、He prefers t eat the rice ___ in the suth. A. wh is grwn B. which is grwn C. when is grwn11、 The knife ___ I cut the apple with can’t be fund. A. which B. wh C. what 12、The rm in ___ there are many bks is mine. A. that B. wh C. which13、This is the pen ____ he bught yesterday. A. which B. wh C. when
由Which 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\ 宾语
介词提前时只能用 which
14. All _____ is needed is a supply f il. A. which B. that C. what15. Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stlen t the plice. A. which B. what C. that
先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, smething, nthing, anything只能用that引导
16. It’s the mst bring film ___ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. whse17. This is the first car ___ arrived this mrning. A. which B. wh C. that
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导
18. I knw all peple ___ are frm that village. A. wh B. that C. whse19. There is n water ___ is needed badly. A. which B. wh C. that20. Please take any seat ___ is free. A. which B. that C. in which
先行词被all, any, every, few, little, n, sme 等修饰时只能用that引导
21. That is the very bk ___ I was lking fr. A. wh B. that C. which22. After the fire in his huse, the ld car is the nly thing ___ he wns. A. wh B. that C. which
先行词被the nly, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时只能用that引导
23. The speaker spke f sme writers and sme bks ___ were ppular then. A. wh B. that C. which
先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导
24. Wh is the wrker ___ tk sme pictures f the factry. A. wh B. that C. which
主句已有wh或which时,只能用that 引导
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening t classical music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.
3. The man ______ leg brke in a match used t be a ftball player.
4. My parents live in a huse__________ is mre than 100 years ld.
5. The by with _______ Jhn spke is my brther.
6. Kevin is reading a bk __________is t difficult fr him.
7. Is there anything ________ yu want t buy in the twn.
8.All ______ we can d is t study hard.
9. The first ne _____ stands up is a little by.
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.
This is the dctr wh saved the by’s life.
2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.
The man wh is running is my uncle.
3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.
I like the music that I can sing alng with.
4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.
The wman wh lives next dr is a teacher.