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2022年湖南省雅礼十六校高考英语第一次联考试卷
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这是一份2022年湖南省雅礼十六校高考英语第一次联考试卷，共23页。试卷主要包含了5 percent,t ﹩8，【答案】B、C、C，【答案】D、D、C、C，【答案】B、C、A、B，【答案】F、A、C、E、D，【答案】lies，【答案】Paragraph 1等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022年湖南省雅礼十六校高考英语第一次联考试卷
A
Earth's longest artificial structure is usually said to be the Great Wall of China while the second-longest is not a wall,but a fence.It stretches for 5，614km across eastern Australia and is intended to stop the country's wild dogs,the dingoes,from hunting sheep.
Australia's dingo fence does not stand alone.Millions of kilometres of fences wrap the world.Some are intended to limit the movement of animals,some the movement of people,and some merely to mark the the boundary.
Until recently,data on the effects of fences on wildlife have been inadequate.That has changed with the publication of a report by professor Alex McInturff.One discovery he has made is that more than half of published fence research focuses on just five countries-America,Australia,Botswana,China and South Africa.A second is that only a third of these studies examined the impact of fences on anything other than the target species involved,meaning the animals purposely intended to be kept in or out.
Non-target species,however,are often those that have their fortunes most greatly reshaped by the appearance of poles and wire.Australian fences intended to keep out dingoes are also barriers to long-necked turtles,which travel great distances over land when moving between nesting sites.In Botswana fences built to spare cattle from wildlife-borne disease result in serious interference with wildebeest （角马） migrations.
Not every creature fares badly.Hawks （鹰） in Montana gladly sit on newly built livestock fences to hunt small animals,while fence-based spiders in South Africa outperform their tree-based cousins when it comes to catching insects.
Often,though,the winners are creatures that cause trouble for existing ecosystems.Keeping dingoes out of large parts of Australia has allowed aggressive red foxes to multiply.Native rodents （啮齿类动物） have suffered as a result.Some have been brought to the edge of extinction.
1. Which is a purpose of building fences？ ______
A. To expand the boundary of a country.
B. To protect livestock like sheep and cattle.
C. To stop wild animals from being hunted.
D. To help people move around freely.
2. What can we learn about the studies on fences？ ______
A. Data on the impact of fences have been proved.
B. Previous researches were complete and systematic.
C. About two-thirds of the studies focus on the target animals.
D. Not all studies examined the effect of fences on wildlife.
3. Which animals unexpectedly benefit from fences？ ______
A. Cattle in Botswana. B. Wildebeest in Botswana.
C. Red foxes in Australia. D. Native rodents in Australia.
B
Nowadays,video gaming has made impressive gains in the field of standardized competition.One of the fashionable debates is whether competitive video games are sports or not.If cyberathletes are competing against formal teams in a formal environment,with real titles and monetary stakes on the line,it seems strange not to consider the activity a sport.However,unless something technologically odd gains complete control over our world in the next few decades,they never should be.Cyberathletes and eSports aren't incomparable to traditional athletes and sports because they require less physical exertion or dedication.They are incomparable because they are different from traditional sports in a number of ways.
Traditional sports are steadfast,and consistent in their structures and mechanics.A professional American football player from any past decade could be transplanted into a current football field,and would only have to be told of a few minor rule changes.The player would know what to do,where to go,and how to accomplish the ultimate goal.He may need to learn a few new plays,but it's fundamentally the same game.However,competitive video gaming has a variety of goals,and those goals are fluid and dynamic.A competitive video gamer from decades past might be aware of the final goal （winning the game,capturing the flag,eliminating the opposing team,etc.），but the execution （执行方式） would be completely foreign.Controls change,maps change,locations change,even the minute rules are adjusted on a regular basis.As a competitive video gamer,one needs to adapt to a much more aggressive ruleset than most sports or other games.Therefore the video game competitions are less likely to be properly regulated.
Most traditional sports are approachable by Everyman,even the esoteric （深奥的） ones,at least in an educational setting,where budgets and funding are set for them.While home computers are widely accessible,a large percentage of the gaming population is unable to participate in competitive gaming due to the high-standard computing requirements.Even decade-old competitive games like Counter-Strike 1.6 require more equipment and gear than most traditional sports.A pick-up game of basketball,football,or soccer is far more accessible than a pick-up game of Counter-Strike.
Traditional sports are embedded in our culture for good reasons：they offer an entertaining diversion and a great form of physical activity for millions of worldwide fans.The principles and lessons gleaned from traditional sports emphasize teamwork,collaboration,and critical evaluations of any given game setting.While many of these lessons are applicable to competitive gaming,competitive video gamers are still distancing themselves from competing for "sport" status,when their pastime and trade is so fundamentally different and ever-changing at such a regular pace.
4. What is the author's opinion towards competitive video games？ ______
A. They can be seen as sports due to their emphasis on teamwork.
B. They can be seen as sports due to their standardized regulations.
C. They cannot be seen as sports due to their lack of physical and mental efforts.
D. They cannot be seen as sports due to the inconsistent rules and high requirements.
5. What does the underlined word "foreign" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？ ______
A. Difficult. B. Common. C. Typical. D. Different.
6. Why does the author mention Counter-Strike in Paragraph 3？ ______
A. To explain the reason why eSports surpass traditional sports.
B. To explore the possibility that competitive video games will be sports.
C. To provide an example of the difference between eSports and traditional sports.
D. To account for the fact that the competitive features of video games are impressive.
7. How does the author develop his idea？ ______
A. By quoting and citing. B. By listing and analyzing.
C. By comparison and contrast. D. By explaining and evaluating.
C
Streaming（流媒体）first became popular in 2005，thanks to YouTube.Nowadays nearly three quarters of American households subscribe to at least one video streaming service.With almost 200 million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content viewed each week,Netflix is by far the biggest paid service.No.2 is Amazon Prime Video.But for every Goliath,there are a hundred Davids.Many smaller streaming services show nothing but sports,classic movies,or Japanese anime（动画片）。
In the early days of streaming,the appeal was the lower cost,and it still is.The average streamer spends ﹩37 a month （and subscribes to three streaming platforms），while the average cable（有线电视） user pays more than ﹩200 per month.Still,streaming has become more expensive in recent years.In 2019，Netflix raised the price of its basic service 12.5 percent,to ﹩8.99 a month.A quarter of its subscribers,who protested price increases,said they would cancel their subscriptions.Few did.
A major reason：Streaming networks have become home to many of the most popular TV series,including recent Emmy winners.They offer full-length feature films as well,and last year,Netflix received more Oscar nominations （提名） than any other media company.In fact,streaming has changed the Oscar competition,at least for this year.Usually only films shown in theaters are considered,but because of the coronavirus,all movies released online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Academy Awards.That shift is especially good news for Disney,which is putting the much anticipated movie Mulan on its new streaming service,Disney+.But watching Mulan from your own home will cost﹩29.99-on top of the service's monthly fee of ﹩6.99.
Too much streaming can have its disadvantages,however.There are those who binge-watch,a term Merriam-Webster added in 2017 with the definition "to watch many or all episodes of （a TV series） on end." Alejandro Fragoso from New York holds the Guinness World Record：94 straight hours.
8. What do the underlined words "Goliath" and "David" in Paragraph 1 refer to？ ______
A. TV viewers. B. TV programs.
C. Streaming subscribers. D. Streaming services.
9. Why did most Netflix subscribers continue their subscriptions？ ______
A. They cannot go without it.
B. They think the low cost is a thing of the past.
C. Netflix has controlled the market.
D. They think it is good value for money.
10. What does the good news in Paragraph 3 mean to Disney？ ______
A. The movie Mulan can be released on Disney+.
B. The movie Mulan will generate great profits.
C. The movie Mulan can compete for an Oscar.
D. The movie Mulan will win an Oscar award.
11. What do binge-watchers tend to do？ ______
A. They start a new life.
B. They watch TV series continuously.
C. They break world records.
D. They watch TV series aimlessly.
D
In 2016 in an Illinois town called Cahokia,a woman was sent to prison just because she failed to tend her lawn （草坪）.In 2019，a Florida man was fined ﹩30，000 by the city of Dunedin for allowing his grass to grow more than 10 inches in height.These examples,while extreme,are not rare occurrence in America.
A study estimated that turf grasses （lawns,parks,athletic fields,etc） cover over 40 million acres in the continental U.S.，an area larger than any crop area.And Americans spend as much as ﹩60 billion a year maintaining these grasses.These impressive data are the result of Americans' by these pieces of greenery for several centuries.
Centuries ago,only those with considerable wealth could own the resources needed to maintain these displays.In the modern world,lawns have gradually changed from the estates of the wealthy to the front yards of common people.Across America,millions of families now proudly present their grass to their neighbors and drivers by carefully weeding,watering,fertilizing and mowing these small-scale representations of the grounds.
With this context in mind,it's easy to see well-tended lawns in America.People tend to use lawns to create an impression of order or to indicate a sense of personal success.The relative health and attractiveness of the grass in their yard becomes a barometer （晴雨表） for their life as whole.
However,with so many acres covered by the grass,the influence associated with lawn maintenance is more than just psychological.To begin,a lawn requires massive quantities of resources to sustain.The U.S.Department of Agriculture estimates that lawns account for about half of homeowner's water use,much of which is wasted.Additionally,Americans are reported to use 80 million pounds of chemicals on their lawns each year.The process of tending the lawn also contributes to air pollution.
These surprising data mean we need to question whether lawns provide us with enough benefit to justify their widespread existence.
12. Why are the two lawn-related cases mentioned in the first paragraph？ ______
A. To explain the effectiveness of American laws
B. To show the significance of lawns in American society.
C. To stress Americans' awareness of environmental protection.
D. To reveal the cost of maintaining lawns in Americans' daily life.
13. What does the underlined part in the second paragraph mean？ ______
A. Making full use of.
B. Facing the consequence of.
C. Attaching great importance to.
D. Shouldering the responsibility for.
14. Why do Americans have a preference for well-tended lawns？ ______
A. Because of the psychological function of lawns.
B. Because of the popularity of lawns in Americans' life
C. Because of the purpose of placing barometers in lawns.
D. Because of the method of planting healthy and attractive lawns.
15. What can we know about the lawns in the U.S.according to the passage？ ______
A. They will be expanded to cover more lands.
B. They are of significant environmental concerns.
C. They will motivate people to be health-conscious.
D. They can promote the development of the chemical industry.
Take a Break from Technology
In today's world we are constantly surrounded by technology.It's true to say that technology makes our lives easier. (1) Otherwise we put ourselves at risk of developing hundreds of health problems.Over the summer the days are longer,sunnier and free from school.With all this free time,why not put it to good use and do something that doesn't involve technology？
(2) There are hundreds of possibilities ：crafts,cooking,learning a musical instrument or a new sport.Maybe you've always wanted to try out that recipe,but haven't had time？Perhaps you fancy learning how to knit,so you can have a new sweater for the autumn？You could use your free time to learn something new. (3)
If you just fancy relaxing,why not head to a beach？Take along your favourite book and relax on the sand or go for a walk along the coastline （just make sure you're aware of the tides!）.If you don't live near a beach,you could go to your local park. (4)
Whatever you choose to do with your summer,try something new! (5) Also,you might make new friends along the way.Next time you find yourself aimlessly channel -- hopping,have a think at what else you could spend your time doing.
A.To start with,you could learn a new skill.
B.Technology has become an important part of our lives.
C.And perhaps it'll lead to an exciting opportunity in the future.
D.You might surprise yourself and find a hidden talent within you.
E.Why not take along a picnic,or try and identify some of the local wildlife？
F.However,increasingly scientists are saying that we need to give ourselves a break.
G.In our increasingly technology - driven world,have we become addicted lo technology？
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
My heart was pounding as I climbed onto the school bus on the first day of middle school.I(21) my backpack as I looked for a place to sit.My eyes (22) on two girls sitting next to each other.They smiled at me and(23) the seat next to theirs.
"Hey!" the blond said. "My name is Heather.What's yours？"
"Rachel ..." I said nervously.Normally I'm not(24)， but I barely knew anyone and was anxious to make new friends.
"Nice to meet you,"said the brunette（深褐色头发的女子）。"My name's Jessica."
I sat down on the seat and(25)the girls.I looked at my Converse All Stars and frowned.
Why hadn't I worn more stylish shoes？
It turned out we had first period together and we became friends.But our friendship wasn't without its (26)Jessica made Heather and me laugh.She was very(27) and we'd go to her for make-up and clothing advice. (28) she had an "I'm-the-boss"personality that demanded attention.She always had to be(29).Once the three of us went to the mall.I ended up spending fifty dollars on a skirt that I didn't even(30)，just to make Jessica happy.
As time went on,I found I was behaving as a pretend(31) of myself just to please Jessica and to keep her from being mad at me.She(32) I was different when I was around other people,when in truth I was being myself.I was always afraid she'd get mad at me for saying something that I wouldn't (33) think twice about.
I sometimes(34) what real friends should be like.Shouldn't they be there for you through the toughest times？Shouldn't they(35)who you are and encourage you to be yourself,rather than asking you to be who they want you to be just to please them？
21. A. threw B. dropped C. adjusted D. opened
22. A. landed B. took C. spied D. built
23. A. occupied B. patted C. reserved D. abandoned
24. A. noisy B. shy C. ignorant D. elegant
25. A. cornered B. addressed C. encountered D. faced
26. A. faults B. causes C. surprises D. benefits
27. A. innocent B. ambitious C. fashionable D. generous
28. A. So B. Or C. And D. But
29. A. on business B. in charge
C. at work D. under pressure
30. A. know B. mention C. like D. smooth
31. A. session B. conversation C. production D. version
32. A. complained B. remembered C. ensured D. anticipated
33. A. suddenly B. normally C. desperately D. guiltily
34. A. wonder B. doubt C. blame D. predict
35. A. imagine B. describe C. respect D. evaluate
36. Tucked away in the northern woodlands of Iceland（1）______（lie） a cozy new spa set to soothe visitors who are looking to enjoy natural hot springs and （2）______（ green） in equal measure.
Forest Lagoon will provide the services that visitors have come to expect from a modern geothermal spa in Iceland.However,it is the Lagoon's integration with（3）______surrounding rock and wooded environment that sets it apart.
Soaking in one of two 104 F infinity pools,visitors can look through the opening of birch,pine and fir trees to a （4）______（panorama） fjord vista.
The spa's leisure pools are heated（5）______all-natural geothermal water sourced from the mountainside behind it.Originally discovered by construction（6）______（crew） in 2014 during an unrelated tunnel project connecting Akureyri and Húsavik,the water has been transformed from a source of headache to a source of relaxation.
（ 7）______（location） in the Vaðlaskógur forest,the spa is a couple minutes' car drive or a short walk from Akureyri,（8）______ is about a 40-minute flight or five-hour drive from Reykjavík.
Hrólfur Karl Cela is one of the lead architects working on Forest Lagoon.（9）______（work） on designing the Blue Lagoon and GeoSea spas with Reykjavík-based Basalt Architects,he explained the main goal of these projects is integrating（10）______into the environment and emphasizing the unique quality of each location.
37. 你校正在组织以运动为主题的英语作文比赛，请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.你对运动的认识；
2.你的日常运动情况。
注意；
1.词数80左右；
2.请在答题卡相应位置作答。
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为 150左右。
When a tornado hit a small town nearby,many families were left homeless.Afterward,all the local newspapers carried stories of the families who suffered the hardest to appeal to people's attention and assistance.
One Sunday,a particular picture especially touched me.A young woman stood in front of a mobile home,a depressed expression on her face.A young boy,seven or eight years old.stood at her side,eyes downcast.Hiding behind her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the camera,wide eyes with confusion and fear.The article below gave clothing sizes closely matched ours.This would be a good opportunity to teach my seven-year-old twins.Brad and Brett,and three-year-old Meghan to help those less fortunate than themselves.
"We have so much.And these poor people now have nothing," I said. "We'll share what we have with them. " I brought three large boxes down from the room upstairs and placed them in the living room.Meghan watched seriously,as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods.While I sorted through our clothes,I encouraged the boys to go through their toys and donate some of their less favorite things.The boys were pleased to join.Brad rose and went to his room fast.He came back bringing his action figures that he played with not so frequently.Brett also jumped up and ran to fetch some of his Matchbox cars and airplane models.Meghan watched quietly as the boys piled up abandoned toys.
The boys placed the objects they had chosen to donate into one of the boxes while I filled the third box with clothes.Meghan walked up with Lucy,her worn,faded,best-loved rag doll hugged tightly to her chest. "I'll help you find something for the little girl,too." I said to the little Meghan.
Para.1 ： "Mommy,I will give Lucy to them," Meghan turned to me.______
Para.2：Recognizing what little Meghan's gesture meant,I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes._______________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、C
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句It stretches for 5，614km across eastern Australia and is intended to stop the country's wild dogs,the dingoes,from hunting sheep.它横跨澳大利亚东部，绵延5614公里，旨在阻止该国的野狗猎杀绵羊。可知，建造围栏的目的是保护牛羊之类的牲畜。B项符合题意，故选B。
（2）C.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句A second is that only a third of these studies examined the impact of fences on anything other than the target species involved,meaning the animals purposely intended to be kept in or out.另一个发现是，这些研究中只有三分之一研究了围栏对目标物种以外的其他物种的影响，这意味着这些动物有意被关在家里或外面。由此可以推知，大约三分之二的研究集中在目标动物身上。故选C。
（3）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段第一二句Often,though,the winners are creatures that cause trouble for existing ecosystems.Keeping dingoes out of large parts of Australia has allowed aggressive red foxes to multiply.然而，赢家往往是给现有生态系统带来麻烦的生物。澳大利亚大部分地区不允许野狗进入，这使得具有攻击性的红狐得以繁殖。可知，意外地受益于围栏的是澳大利亚的红狐。A.Cattle in Botswana.博茨瓦纳的牛。B.Wildebeest in Botswana.博茨瓦纳的角马。C.Red foxes in Australia.澳大利亚的红狐。D.Native rodents in Australia.澳大利亚本土啮齿动物。C项符合题意，故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界第二长的人造建筑---澳大利亚的游牧围栏，以及围栏所产生的一些问题。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局做出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】D、D、C、C
【解析】（1）D.推理判断题。根据文章第二段"As a competitive video gamer,one needs to adapt to a much more aggressive ruleset than most sports or other games.Therefore the video game competitions are less likely to be properly regulated.（作为一名有竞争力的电子游戏玩家，你需要适应比大多数运动或其他游戏更具侵略性的规则。因此，电子游戏竞赛不太可能得到适当的监管。）"以及第三段"While home computers are widely accessible,a large percentage of the gaming population is unable to participate in competitive gaming due to the high-standard computing requirements.（虽然家用电脑随处可见，但由于对电脑的高标准要求，很大一部分游戏玩家无法参与竞争性游戏。）"可推断，作者认为竞争性电子游戏由于规则不一致，要求高，不能被视为运动。故选D项。
（2）D.词义猜测题。根据前文"A professional American football player from any past decade could be transplanted into a current football field,and would only have to be told of a few minor rule changes.The player would know what to do,where to go,and how to accomplish the ultimate goal.He may need to learn a few new plays,but it's fundamentally the same game.However,competitive video gaming has a variety of goals,and those goals are fluid and dynamic.（过去任何一个十年的职业美国橄榄球运动员都可以被移植到现在的足球场上，而且只需要被告知一些小的规则变化。玩家将知道该做什么，去哪里以及如何完成最终目标。他可能需要学习一些新玩法，但游戏本质上是一样的。然而，竞争性电子游戏有各种各样的目标，而且这些目标是动态的。）"可知，电子竞技玩家操作对于传统的体育运动是不同的，所以foreign是"不同的"之意。结合选项A.Difficult困难的；B.Common共同的，普通的；C.Typical典型的；D.Different不同的，故选D项。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据文章第三段"Most traditional sports are approachable by Everyman,even the esoteric（深奥的） ones,at least in an educational setting,where budgets and funding are set for them.While home computers are widely accessible,a large percentage of the gaming population is unable to participate in competitive gaming due to the high-standard computing requirements.（大多数传统体育项目，即使是那些晦涩难懂的项目，至少在有预算和资金支持的教育背景下，普通人都能接受。虽然家用电脑随处可见，但由于对电脑的高标准要求，很大一部分游戏玩家无法参与竞争性游戏。）"以及接下来以《反恐精英》举例即使是像《反恐精英1.6》这样有10年历史的竞技游戏也需要比大多数传统运动更多的装备和装备。篮球、足球或足球的临时游戏比《反恐精英》的临时游戏更容易上手。因此推断作者在第三段中提到《反恐精英》是为了举例说明电子竞技和传统体育的区别。故选C项。
（4）C.推理判断题。根据文章第一段"Cyberathletes and eSports aren't incomparable to traditional athletes and sports because they require less physical exertion or dedication.They are incomparable because they are different from traditional sports in a number of ways.（电子竞技者和电子竞技与传统运动员和体育项目并不是不可比拟的，因为它们需要的体力和投入较少。它们是无可比拟的，因为它们与传统体育在很多方面不同。）"；第二段"Traditional sports are steadfast,and consistent in their structures and mechanics.（传统的体育运动在结构和力学上是坚定的，一致的。）"以及第三段"Most traditional sports are approachable by Everyman,even the esoteric（深奥的） ones,at least in an educational setting,where budgets and funding are set for them.（大多数传统体育项目，即使是那些晦涩难懂的项目，至少在有预算和资金支持的教育背景下，普通人都能接受。）"可推断，作者通过比较和对比来论证他的观点。故选C项。
本文是一篇说明文。文章作者通过将传统体育运动和电子竞技进行比较和对比，来论证电子竞技游戏不能被视作运动的观点。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局做出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】D、D、C、B
【解析】（1）D.词义猜测题。根据第一段中的With almost 200 million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content viewed each week,Netflix is by far the biggest paid service.No.2 is Amazon Prime Video.（ Netflix在全球拥有近2亿用户，每周有10亿小时的内容浏览量，是目前为止最大的付费服务提供商。排名第二的是亚马逊Prime Video.）以及Many smaller streaming services show nothing but sports,classic movies,or Japanese anime（许多小型流媒体服务只播放体育、经典电影或日本动漫）可知，在排名一、二的Netflix和亚马逊这样的流媒体服务商之外，有许多小型的流媒体服务接踵而至，因此 "Goliath"和"David"在此处代指流媒体服务，故选D。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据第二段中的A quarter of is subscribers,who protested price increases,said they would cancel their subscriptions.Few did.（四分之一的订阅者抗议价格上涨，并表示他们将取消订阅。很少这样做的。）和第三段中的A major reason：Streaming networks have become home to many of the most popular TV series,including recent Emmy winners.They offer fullength feature films as well,.（一个主要原因是：流媒体网络已经成为许多最受欢迎的电视剧的发源地，包括最近的艾美奖得主。他们也提供完整长度的电影）可知，大多数Netflix用户继续订阅是因为流媒体网络已经成为许多受欢迎的电视、电影的片源地，他们认为物有所值，故选D。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据第三段中的Netflix received more Oscar nominations （提名） than any other media company.In fact,streaming has changed the Oscar competition,at least for this year.（ Netflix获得的奧斯卡提名比其他任何媒体公司都多。事实上，流媒体已经改变了奥斯卡竞赛，至少今年是这样。）以及all movies released online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Academy Awards.That shift is especially good news for Disney,which is putting the maming service,Disney+.（ 2020年在网上，上映的所有电影都有资格获得2021年奥斯卡奖。这一转变对迪士尼来说尤其是个好消息，该公司正将备受期待的电影《花木兰》（Mulan）放到其新的流媒体服务Disney+上。）可知，对迪斯尼来说的好消息是电影《花木兰》可以角逐奥斯卡奖了，故选C。
（4）B.细节理解题。根据最后一段"There are those who binge-watch,a term Merriam-Webster added in 2017 with the definition "to watch many or all episodes of （a TV series） on end.'Alejandro Fragoso from New York holds the Guinness World Record：94 straight hours.（韦氏词典在2017年增加了binge-watch（刷剧）一词，指"一口气看完（电视剧）很多集或所有集"。来自纽约的Alejandro Fragoso保持着连续94小时的吉尼斯世界纪录。）可知，binge-watchers倾向于不停刷剧，故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了流媒体在美国的发展。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局做出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】B、C、A、B
【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据第一段"In 2016，in an Illinois town called Cahokia,woman was sent to prison just because she failed to tend her lawn .In 2019，a Florida man was fined ﹩30，000 by the city of Dunedin for allowing his grass to grow more than 10 inches in height.These examples,while extreme,are not rare occurrence in America.2016年，在伊利诺斯州一个叫卡霍基亚的小镇，一个女人因为没有照看好她的草坪，而被送进了监狱。2019年，一名佛罗里达男子，因为让他的草长高超过10英寸，被达尼丁市罚款3万美元。这些例子虽然极端，但在美国并不罕见。"介绍的两个不同寻常的案例并结合下文美国人对草坪的喜爱与重视可知，作者通过这两个案例展示草坪在美国社会中的重要性。故选B项。
（2）C.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子"A study estimated that turf grasses （lawns,parks,athletic fields,etc） cover over 40 million acres in the continental U.S.，an area larger than any crop area.And Americans spend as much as ﹩60 billion a year maintaining these grasses.These impressive data are the result of Americans' setting much store by these pieces of greenery for several centuries.一项研究估计，草坪草（草坪、公园、运动场等）在美国大陆覆盖面积超过4000万英亩，比任何作物种植面积都大。美国人每年花费600亿美元来维护这些草。这些令人印象深刻的数据是几个世纪以来，美国人对这些绿色植物的重视的结果。"可知草坪在美国大陆占地面积很大，美国人为维护草坪花了很多钱，由此可知画线处表示美国人对草坪非常地重视，setting much store 意为"非常重视"。A.Making full use of 充分利用；B.Facing the consequence of 面对灾难的后果；C.Attaching great importance to 非常重视；D.Shouldering the responsibility for 承担责任。故选C项。
（3）A.细节理解题。根据第四段中的The relative health and attractiveness of the grass in their yard becomes a barometer for their life as whole.他们院子里草的相对健康和吸引力成为他们整个生活的晴雨表。可知，美国人喜欢精心照料的草坪是因为草坪在人们的心理构建方面的功能。故选A项。
（4）B.细节理解题。根据第五段中的To begin,a lawn requires massive quantities of resources to sustain.The U.S.Department of Agriculture estimates that lawns account for about half of homeowner's water use,much of which is wasted.Additionally,Americans are reported to use 80 million pounds of chemicals on their lawns each year.The process of tending the lawn also contributes to air pollution.首先，草坪需要大量的资源来维持。美国农业部估计，草坪约占房主用水量的一半，其中大部分被浪费了。此外，据报道，美国人每年在草坪上，使用8000万磅的化学物质。照料草坪的过程也造成了空气污染。可知大面积的草坪引起了重大的环境问题。故选B项。
本文是一篇说明文。美国人对草坪的情有独钟有着历史根源及心理方面的原因，但大面积的草坪对环境有着重大的负面影响。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局做出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】F、A、C、E、D
【解析】（1）F.推理判断题。上文In today's world we are constantly surrounded by technology.It's true to say that technology makes our lives easier（在当今世界，我们一直被科技所包围。科技使我们的生活更容易，这是事实。）说明科技给我们带来好处，下文Otherwise we put ourselves at risk of developing hundreds of health problems.Over the summer the days are longer,sunnier and free from school.With all this free time,why not put it to good use and do something that doesn't involve technology？（否则我们就会把自己置于数百种健康问题的危险之中。夏天白天更长，阳光更充足，而且不用上学。有这么多空闲时间，为什么不好好利用，做一些不涉及科技的事情呢？）提倡做一些不涉及科技的事情，说明设空处应与上文形成转折关系。F项"However,increasingly scientists are saying that we need to give ourselves a break.（然而，越来越多的科学家表示，我们需要让自己休息一下）"符合语境。故选F。
（2）A.推理判断题。下文There are hundreds of possibilities：crafts,cooking,learning a musical instrument or a new sport.Maybe you've always wanted to try out that recipe,but haven't had time？Perhaps you fancy learning how to knit,so you can have a new sweater for the autumn？（有成百上千的可能性：手工艺、烹饪、学习一种乐器或一项新的运动。也许你一直想尝试一下这个食谱，但一直没有时间？也许你想学编织，这样秋天就能有一件新毛衣了？）讲述的是可以学习的新技能。设空处位于段首，起开启下文的作用。A项"To start with,you could learn a new skill.（首先，你可以学习一项新技能）"符合语境，下文提到的"crafts,cooking,learning a musical instrument or a new sport"等，就是新技能的举例说明。故选A。
（3）C.推理判断题。上文Maybe you've always wanted to try out that recipe,but haven't had time？Perhaps you fancy learning how to knit,so you can have a new sweater for the autumn？You could use your free time to learn something new.（也许你一直想尝试一下这个食谱，但一直没有时间？也许你想学编织，这样秋天就能有一件新毛衣了？你可以利用空闲时间学点新东西。）讲述的是学习新技能的可能性。设空处位于段尾，承接上文所讲。C项"And perhaps it'll lead to an exciting opportunity in the future.（也许这会在将来带来一个令人兴奋的机会）"符合语境，与上文句式相同，and和perhaps是关键词。故选C。
（4）E.细节理解题。上文If you just fancy relaxing,why not head to a beach？Take along your favourite book and relax on the sand or go for a walk along the coastline （just make sure you're aware of the tides!）.If you don't live near a beach,you could go to your local park.（如果你只想放松一下，为什么不去海滩呢？带上你最喜欢的书，在沙滩上放松，或者沿着海岸线散步（只是要确保你知道潮汐！）如果你不住在海滩附近，你可以去附近的公园）讲述的是户外放松的方式。设空处承接上文，可能推荐不在海滩附近的放松方式。E项"Why not take along a picnic,or try and identify some of the local wildlife？（为什么不去野餐，或者尝试辨认一些当地的野生动物呢？）"符合语境，其中"Why not take along"与上文一致。故选E。
（5）D.推理判断题。上文Whatever you choose to do with your summer,try something new!（不管你夏天选择做什么，尝试一些新的东西吧！）讲述的是夏天的时候尝试做一些新的事。下文Also,you might make new friends along the way.Next time you find yourself aimlessly channel -hopping,have a think at what else you could spend your time doing.（同时，你可能会在这个过程中交到新朋友。下次当你发现自己漫无目的地换台时，想想看你还能把时间花在什么事情上。）讲述的是打发时间时可以想一想做些其他的事。设空处位于段中，承上启下。D项"You might surprise yourself and find a hidden talent within you.（你可能会让自己惊讶，发现你隐藏的才能）"符合语境，hidden talent呼应上文的something new。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述在科技发达的今天要学会从中放松自己。
考查选句填空。做题时要注意以下几点：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】C、A、B、B、D、A、C、D、B、C、D、A、B、A、C
【解析】（1）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.threw扔；B.dropped下降；C.adjusted调整；D.opened打开。句意：当我在寻找座位坐的时候，我调整了一下我的书包。根据前文"My heart was pounding as I climbed onto the school bus on the first day of middle school."可知，作者是在匆忙中奔向公交车的，所以上车之后，调整了一下肩上的书包。故选C。
（2）A.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.landed on降落于；B.took on承担，呈现；C.spied on暗中监视；D.built on依赖，依靠。句意：我的目光降落在两个挨着坐的女孩身上。根据后文"They smiled at me and（3）____ the seat next to theirs."可知，我的目光落在坐着的两个女孩身上，看向她们时，她们也朝我微笑。故选A。
（3）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.occupied占据；B.patted轻拍；C.reserved预定；D.abandoned拋弃。句意：她们朝我微笑，并拍着自己身旁的空座位。根据后文"1 sat down on the seat and（5）____ the girls."可知，这两个女孩拍了拍身旁的座位，示意让我坐在她们旁边。故选B。
（4）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.noisy喧闹的；B.shy害羞的；C.ignorant无知的；D.elegant优雅的。句意：平常我是不会害羞的，但是现在我几乎不认识任何人，而且也不敢结交新的朋友。根据句子中but的转折意义可知，作者这里想要表达的是虽然在当时她说话紧张，那是因为她一个人都不认识，其实在正常情况下，自己是不会害羞紧张的。故选B。
（5）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.cornered （sb.）缠着某人；B.addressed（sb.）.对某人讲话；C.encountered （sb.）遇到某人；D.faced （sb.）面对着某人。句意：我坐在座位上，面对着这两个女孩。根据后文"I looked at my Converse All Stars and frowned.Why hadn't I worn more stylish shoes ？"可知，作者面对着这两个女孩，打量了她们的装扮，于是开始埋怨自己穿的鞋不够流行。故选D。
（6）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.faults错误，缺点；B.causes原因；C.surprises惊喜；D.benefits好处。句意：但是我们的友谊并不是没有缺陷。根据下文作者讲述在与Jessica相处的过程中感受到她性格的强势以及一些不悦的心情体验可知，她们之间的友谊也是不完美有缺陷的。故选A。
（7）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.innocent无辜的；B.ambitious有雄心抱负的；C.fashionable时尚的；D.generous慷慨的。句意：她非常时尚，我们两个会采纳她的化妆和穿搭建议。根据"and we'd go to her for make-up and clothing advice."可知，因为Jessica是个很懂时尚的女孩，所以我们两个才会听取她在这方面的建议。故选C。
（8）D.考查连词及语境理解。A.So所以；B.Or或者；C.And和，并且；D.But但是。句意：但是她是一个"我做主"的性格而且带着严格要求的目光审视一切。根据后文"Once the three of us went to the mall.I ended up spending fifty dollars on a skirt that I didn't even （10）____just to make Jessica happy."可知，这里是通过转折意义来表达Jessica性格中的强势。故选D。
（9）B.考查介词短语及语境理解。A.on business出差；B.in charge负责，主管；C.at work在工作；D.under pressure处于压力下。句意：她总是要掌控一切。根据后文作者与Jessica一起逛商场，为了让她开心，买了一件自己并不喜欢的衣服的这个经历可知，Jessica喜欢主管一切，要求别人按照自己的意愿做事，满足自己的喜好。故选B。
（10）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.know知道；B.mention提及；C.like喜欢；D.smooth使光滑。句意：最后我花了50美元买了一件我自己并不喜欢的裙子，只是为了让Jessica高兴。根据设空后的"just to make Jessica happy."可知，作者买了这条裙子并不是因为自己喜欢，只是为了让Jessica开心。故选C。
（11）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.session会议；B.conversation谈话；C.production成果，产品；D.version版本。句意：时间久了，我发现自己的行为是一个伪装版本的自己，只是为了取悦Jessica,让她不要对我生气。根据句意可知，作者在与Jessica的相处过程中，一直委屈自己去取悦她，已经让自己变成一个虚假的样子了，另一个版本的自己。故选D。
（12）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.complained抱怨；B.remembered记住；C.ensured确保；D.anticipated预期，预见。句意：当我与别人相处时，她就抱怨我说我变了，事实上我只是在做我自己。根据"I was different"可知，Jessica在对我抱怨，说我变了。故选A。
（13）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.suddenly突然；B.normally通常地；C.desperately拼命地；D.guiltily内疚地。句意：我总是害怕她会因为我说的一些话而生气，可能那些话我自己平常都不会再三考虑。根据句意可知，作者很担心Jessica会对自己随口说的话生气，那些话可能自己平常都不会在意。故选B。
（14）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.wonder想知道；B.doubt怀疑；C.blame责备；D.predict预测，预知。句意：我有时候也想知道真正的朋友是什么样子的。根据后文"Shouldn't they be there for you through the toughest times？"作者发出的疑问可知，在与Jessica不太愉快的相处经历中，作者自己也很想知道真正的朋友是什么样子的。故选A。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.imagine想象；B.describe描述；C.respect尊重；D.evaluate评估。句意：她们不应该是尊重你、鼓励你做自己吗？而不是要求你仅仅是为了满足自己而让你成为她们想要的样子。根据后文"and encourage you to be yourself"以及前文作者讲述在与Jessica的相处中她的强势和霸道，让作者思考朋友之间难道不应该是相互尊重的吗？故选C。
本文是一篇故事类记叙文。文章讲述了作者中学时代认识的一位朋友，有一个很强势霸道的性格，带给作者一些不好的相处体验，引发作者对朋友这一关系的思考。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。
36.【答案】lies
【解析】（1）lies.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在冰岛北部的森林中，有一个舒适的新温泉，可以让那些想要享受自然温泉和绿色植物的游客放松一下。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。本句为完全倒装句，主语为a cozy new spa,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填lies。
（2）greenery.考查不可数名词。句意：在冰岛北部的森林中，有一个舒适的新温泉，可以让那些想要享受自然温泉和绿色植物的游客放松一下。根据连词and可知，这里用名词形式与hot springs并列，作动词enjoy的宾语，为不可数名词，故填greenery。
（3）the.考查冠词。句意：然而，它与周围的岩石和森林环境的融合使它与众不同。名词rock和environment为特指，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
（4）panoramic.考查形容词。句意：在两个104 F的无边际游泳池中，游客可以透过开放的桦树、松树和冷杉看到峡湾全景。名词fjord vista前用形容词修饰。故填panoramic。
（5）with.考查介词。句意：水疗中心的休闲游泳池是用来自其背后山腰的纯天然地热水加热的。这里考查with的复合结构：with +名词+过去分词。故填with。
（6）crews.考查可数名词的复数。句意：2014年，施工人员在连接Akureyri和Húsavik的一个不相关的隧道工程中发现了这种水，现在它已经从头痛的源头变成了放松的源泉。名词crew为可数名词，根据常识施工人员应该很多，所以用复数形式。故填crews。
（7）Located.考查过去分词。句意：该水疗中心位于Vaðlaskógur森林，距离Akureyri只有几分钟的车程，从Reykjavík开车到Akureyri大约需要40分钟的飞行或5小时的车程。be located in坐落于，位于，在句中作状语，所以用过去分词形式，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填Located。
（8）which.考查定语从句。句意：该水疗中心位于Vaðlaskógur森林，距离Akureyri只有几分钟的车程，从Reykjavík开车到Akureyri大约需要40分钟的飞行或5小时的车程。句中先行词为Akureyri,指物，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
（9）Having worked.考查现在分词及时态。句意：他曾与Reykjavík基于玄武岩建筑师合作设计Blue Lagoon和GeoSea水疗中心，他解释说，这些项目的主要目标是将它们融入环境，并强调每个地点的独特品质。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语he与work之间为主动关系，且动作发生在主句动作explained之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。且置于句首，首字母大写，故填Having worked。
（10）them.考查代词。句意：他曾与Reykjavík基于玄武岩建筑师合作设计Blue Lagoon和GeoSea水疗中心，他解释说，这些项目的主要目标是将它们融入环境，并强调每个地点的独特品质。代指the Blue Lagoon和GeoSea spa,所以用代词them代替，故填them。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰岛新开的森林泻湖温泉让游客沉浸在树林之中。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】A healthy body is necessary for a healthy mind. Only by keeping ourselves healthy can we feel energetic and confident in our studies and work.【高分句型一】（话题）
Playing sports is one of the best ways to keep us fit. People's tastes in sports are different. Some people adore basketball, while others like cycling. For some people, swimming is the best kind of sport； and for others, they can't imagine their lives without the gym. Life is a movement, and sport is the thing that gives us an opportunity to move.【高分句型二】（你对运动的认识）
I usually go jogging before breakfast. It helps me enjoy a good healthy body and make my mind relaxed.I like playing sports.（你的日常运动情况）
【解析】高分句型一：Only by keeping ourselves healthy can we feel energetic and confident in our studies and work.
译文：只有保持健康，我们才能在学习和工作中感到精力充沛和自信。
分析：这句话使用only+介词短语置于句首，后面接部分倒装。
高分句型二：Life is a movement, and sport is the thing that gives us an opportunity to move.
译文：生活是一场运动，运动是给我们机会去活动的东西。
分析：这句话使用that引导定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】Paragraph 1
"Mommy,I will give Lucy to them," Meghan turned to me. "Oh,Honey," I said." You don't have to give Lucy.You love her so much." Meghan nodded seriously；eyes filled with held-back tears. "Lucy makes me happy,Mommy.Maybe she'll make that other little girl happy,too." The boys had watched,open-mouthed,as their baby sister placed her favorite doll in the box.Without a word,Brad rose and went to his room.He came back carrying one of his favorite action figures. 【高分句型一】He hesitated briefly,clutching the toy,then looked over at Meghan and placed it in the box next to Lucy.A slow smile spread across Brett's face.Then he jumped up eyes twinkling as he ran to fetch some of his prized Matchbox cars.（看到姐姐将自己心爱的玩具捐了出去，这些男孩们也捐出了自己心爱的物品）
Paragraph 2
Recognizing what little Meghan's gesture meant,I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes.Taking the cue from my little one,I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes.I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had found on sale last week.【高分句型二】I hoped the young woman in the picture would love it as much as I did.What Meghan did taught me a lesson that the true spirit of donating is to give with your heart.（感动于孩子们的善举，我也把上周刚买的衣服捐出去）
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在看到一张受灾家庭的照片后回家号召孩子们去捐出自己用不到的东西来帮助那一家人。但是自己小女儿的行为却深深感动了作者，让作者意识到了真正的慷慨不是捐出自己用不到的物品，而是自己喜爱的物品，这才是真正的慷慨。
高分句型一：He came back carrying one of his favorite action figures.
翻译：他带着一个他最喜欢的动作人物画像回来了。
分析：现在分词短语carrying one of his favorite action figures作状语。
高分句型二：I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had found on sale last week.
翻译：我把它换成了上星期打折时买的新的绿色衬衫。
分析：that引导的定语从句。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
（5）关键用词，标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语这一点可以帮助考生自己检查关键词的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到"字迹工整、清晰"。
2022年湖南省雅礼十六校高考英语第一次联考试卷
A
Earth's longest artificial structure is usually said to be the Great Wall of China while the second-longest is not a wall,but a fence.It stretches for 5，614km across eastern Australia and is intended to stop the country's wild dogs,the dingoes,from hunting sheep.
Australia's dingo fence does not stand alone.Millions of kilometres of fences wrap the world.Some are intended to limit the movement of animals,some the movement of people,and some merely to mark the the boundary.
Until recently,data on the effects of fences on wildlife have been inadequate.That has changed with the publication of a report by professor Alex McInturff.One discovery he has made is that more than half of published fence research focuses on just five countries-America,Australia,Botswana,China and South Africa.A second is that only a third of these studies examined the impact of fences on anything other than the target species involved,meaning the animals purposely intended to be kept in or out.
Non-target species,however,are often those that have their fortunes most greatly reshaped by the appearance of poles and wire.Australian fences intended to keep out dingoes are also barriers to long-necked turtles,which travel great distances over land when moving between nesting sites.In Botswana fences built to spare cattle from wildlife-borne disease result in serious interference with wildebeest （角马） migrations.
Not every creature fares badly.Hawks （鹰） in Montana gladly sit on newly built livestock fences to hunt small animals,while fence-based spiders in South Africa outperform their tree-based cousins when it comes to catching insects.
Often,though,the winners are creatures that cause trouble for existing ecosystems.Keeping dingoes out of large parts of Australia has allowed aggressive red foxes to multiply.Native rodents （啮齿类动物） have suffered as a result.Some have been brought to the edge of extinction.
1. Which is a purpose of building fences？ ______
A. To expand the boundary of a country.
B. To protect livestock like sheep and cattle.
C. To stop wild animals from being hunted.
D. To help people move around freely.
2. What can we learn about the studies on fences？ ______
A. Data on the impact of fences have been proved.
B. Previous researches were complete and systematic.
C. About two-thirds of the studies focus on the target animals.
D. Not all studies examined the effect of fences on wildlife.
3. Which animals unexpectedly benefit from fences？ ______
A. Cattle in Botswana. B. Wildebeest in Botswana.
C. Red foxes in Australia. D. Native rodents in Australia.
B
Nowadays,video gaming has made impressive gains in the field of standardized competition.One of the fashionable debates is whether competitive video games are sports or not.If cyberathletes are competing against formal teams in a formal environment,with real titles and monetary stakes on the line,it seems strange not to consider the activity a sport.However,unless something technologically odd gains complete control over our world in the next few decades,they never should be.Cyberathletes and eSports aren't incomparable to traditional athletes and sports because they require less physical exertion or dedication.They are incomparable because they are different from traditional sports in a number of ways.
Traditional sports are steadfast,and consistent in their structures and mechanics.A professional American football player from any past decade could be transplanted into a current football field,and would only have to be told of a few minor rule changes.The player would know what to do,where to go,and how to accomplish the ultimate goal.He may need to learn a few new plays,but it's fundamentally the same game.However,competitive video gaming has a variety of goals,and those goals are fluid and dynamic.A competitive video gamer from decades past might be aware of the final goal （winning the game,capturing the flag,eliminating the opposing team,etc.），but the execution （执行方式） would be completely foreign.Controls change,maps change,locations change,even the minute rules are adjusted on a regular basis.As a competitive video gamer,one needs to adapt to a much more aggressive ruleset than most sports or other games.Therefore the video game competitions are less likely to be properly regulated.
Most traditional sports are approachable by Everyman,even the esoteric （深奥的） ones,at least in an educational setting,where budgets and funding are set for them.While home computers are widely accessible,a large percentage of the gaming population is unable to participate in competitive gaming due to the high-standard computing requirements.Even decade-old competitive games like Counter-Strike 1.6 require more equipment and gear than most traditional sports.A pick-up game of basketball,football,or soccer is far more accessible than a pick-up game of Counter-Strike.
Traditional sports are embedded in our culture for good reasons：they offer an entertaining diversion and a great form of physical activity for millions of worldwide fans.The principles and lessons gleaned from traditional sports emphasize teamwork,collaboration,and critical evaluations of any given game setting.While many of these lessons are applicable to competitive gaming,competitive video gamers are still distancing themselves from competing for "sport" status,when their pastime and trade is so fundamentally different and ever-changing at such a regular pace.
4. What is the author's opinion towards competitive video games？ ______
A. They can be seen as sports due to their emphasis on teamwork.
B. They can be seen as sports due to their standardized regulations.
C. They cannot be seen as sports due to their lack of physical and mental efforts.
D. They cannot be seen as sports due to the inconsistent rules and high requirements.
5. What does the underlined word "foreign" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？ ______
A. Difficult. B. Common. C. Typical. D. Different.
6. Why does the author mention Counter-Strike in Paragraph 3？ ______
A. To explain the reason why eSports surpass traditional sports.
B. To explore the possibility that competitive video games will be sports.
C. To provide an example of the difference between eSports and traditional sports.
D. To account for the fact that the competitive features of video games are impressive.
7. How does the author develop his idea？ ______
A. By quoting and citing. B. By listing and analyzing.
C. By comparison and contrast. D. By explaining and evaluating.
C
Streaming（流媒体）first became popular in 2005，thanks to YouTube.Nowadays nearly three quarters of American households subscribe to at least one video streaming service.With almost 200 million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content viewed each week,Netflix is by far the biggest paid service.No.2 is Amazon Prime Video.But for every Goliath,there are a hundred Davids.Many smaller streaming services show nothing but sports,classic movies,or Japanese anime（动画片）。
In the early days of streaming,the appeal was the lower cost,and it still is.The average streamer spends ﹩37 a month （and subscribes to three streaming platforms），while the average cable（有线电视） user pays more than ﹩200 per month.Still,streaming has become more expensive in recent years.In 2019，Netflix raised the price of its basic service 12.5 percent,to ﹩8.99 a month.A quarter of its subscribers,who protested price increases,said they would cancel their subscriptions.Few did.
A major reason：Streaming networks have become home to many of the most popular TV series,including recent Emmy winners.They offer full-length feature films as well,and last year,Netflix received more Oscar nominations （提名） than any other media company.In fact,streaming has changed the Oscar competition,at least for this year.Usually only films shown in theaters are considered,but because of the coronavirus,all movies released online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Academy Awards.That shift is especially good news for Disney,which is putting the much anticipated movie Mulan on its new streaming service,Disney+.But watching Mulan from your own home will cost﹩29.99-on top of the service's monthly fee of ﹩6.99.
Too much streaming can have its disadvantages,however.There are those who binge-watch,a term Merriam-Webster added in 2017 with the definition "to watch many or all episodes of （a TV series） on end." Alejandro Fragoso from New York holds the Guinness World Record：94 straight hours.
8. What do the underlined words "Goliath" and "David" in Paragraph 1 refer to？ ______
A. TV viewers. B. TV programs.
C. Streaming subscribers. D. Streaming services.
9. Why did most Netflix subscribers continue their subscriptions？ ______
A. They cannot go without it.
B. They think the low cost is a thing of the past.
C. Netflix has controlled the market.
D. They think it is good value for money.
10. What does the good news in Paragraph 3 mean to Disney？ ______
A. The movie Mulan can be released on Disney+.
B. The movie Mulan will generate great profits.
C. The movie Mulan can compete for an Oscar.
D. The movie Mulan will win an Oscar award.
11. What do binge-watchers tend to do？ ______
A. They start a new life.
B. They watch TV series continuously.
C. They break world records.
D. They watch TV series aimlessly.
D
In 2016 in an Illinois town called Cahokia,a woman was sent to prison just because she failed to tend her lawn （草坪）.In 2019，a Florida man was fined ﹩30，000 by the city of Dunedin for allowing his grass to grow more than 10 inches in height.These examples,while extreme,are not rare occurrence in America.
A study estimated that turf grasses （lawns,parks,athletic fields,etc） cover over 40 million acres in the continental U.S.，an area larger than any crop area.And Americans spend as much as ﹩60 billion a year maintaining these grasses.These impressive data are the result of Americans' by these pieces of greenery for several centuries.
Centuries ago,only those with considerable wealth could own the resources needed to maintain these displays.In the modern world,lawns have gradually changed from the estates of the wealthy to the front yards of common people.Across America,millions of families now proudly present their grass to their neighbors and drivers by carefully weeding,watering,fertilizing and mowing these small-scale representations of the grounds.
With this context in mind,it's easy to see well-tended lawns in America.People tend to use lawns to create an impression of order or to indicate a sense of personal success.The relative health and attractiveness of the grass in their yard becomes a barometer （晴雨表） for their life as whole.
However,with so many acres covered by the grass,the influence associated with lawn maintenance is more than just psychological.To begin,a lawn requires massive quantities of resources to sustain.The U.S.Department of Agriculture estimates that lawns account for about half of homeowner's water use,much of which is wasted.Additionally,Americans are reported to use 80 million pounds of chemicals on their lawns each year.The process of tending the lawn also contributes to air pollution.
These surprising data mean we need to question whether lawns provide us with enough benefit to justify their widespread existence.
12. Why are the two lawn-related cases mentioned in the first paragraph？ ______
A. To explain the effectiveness of American laws
B. To show the significance of lawns in American society.
C. To stress Americans' awareness of environmental protection.
D. To reveal the cost of maintaining lawns in Americans' daily life.
13. What does the underlined part in the second paragraph mean？ ______
A. Making full use of.
B. Facing the consequence of.
C. Attaching great importance to.
D. Shouldering the responsibility for.
14. Why do Americans have a preference for well-tended lawns？ ______
A. Because of the psychological function of lawns.
B. Because of the popularity of lawns in Americans' life
C. Because of the purpose of placing barometers in lawns.
D. Because of the method of planting healthy and attractive lawns.
15. What can we know about the lawns in the U.S.according to the passage？ ______
A. They will be expanded to cover more lands.
B. They are of significant environmental concerns.
C. They will motivate people to be health-conscious.
D. They can promote the development of the chemical industry.
Take a Break from Technology
In today's world we are constantly surrounded by technology.It's true to say that technology makes our lives easier. (1) Otherwise we put ourselves at risk of developing hundreds of health problems.Over the summer the days are longer,sunnier and free from school.With all this free time,why not put it to good use and do something that doesn't involve technology？
(2) There are hundreds of possibilities ：crafts,cooking,learning a musical instrument or a new sport.Maybe you've always wanted to try out that recipe,but haven't had time？Perhaps you fancy learning how to knit,so you can have a new sweater for the autumn？You could use your free time to learn something new. (3)
If you just fancy relaxing,why not head to a beach？Take along your favourite book and relax on the sand or go for a walk along the coastline （just make sure you're aware of the tides!）.If you don't live near a beach,you could go to your local park. (4)
Whatever you choose to do with your summer,try something new! (5) Also,you might make new friends along the way.Next time you find yourself aimlessly channel -- hopping,have a think at what else you could spend your time doing.
A.To start with,you could learn a new skill.
B.Technology has become an important part of our lives.
C.And perhaps it'll lead to an exciting opportunity in the future.
D.You might surprise yourself and find a hidden talent within you.
E.Why not take along a picnic,or try and identify some of the local wildlife？
F.However,increasingly scientists are saying that we need to give ourselves a break.
G.In our increasingly technology - driven world,have we become addicted lo technology？
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
My heart was pounding as I climbed onto the school bus on the first day of middle school.I(21) my backpack as I looked for a place to sit.My eyes (22) on two girls sitting next to each other.They smiled at me and(23) the seat next to theirs.
"Hey!" the blond said. "My name is Heather.What's yours？"
"Rachel ..." I said nervously.Normally I'm not(24)， but I barely knew anyone and was anxious to make new friends.
"Nice to meet you,"said the brunette（深褐色头发的女子）。"My name's Jessica."
I sat down on the seat and(25)the girls.I looked at my Converse All Stars and frowned.
Why hadn't I worn more stylish shoes？
It turned out we had first period together and we became friends.But our friendship wasn't without its (26)Jessica made Heather and me laugh.She was very(27) and we'd go to her for make-up and clothing advice. (28) she had an "I'm-the-boss"personality that demanded attention.She always had to be(29).Once the three of us went to the mall.I ended up spending fifty dollars on a skirt that I didn't even(30)，just to make Jessica happy.
As time went on,I found I was behaving as a pretend(31) of myself just to please Jessica and to keep her from being mad at me.She(32) I was different when I was around other people,when in truth I was being myself.I was always afraid she'd get mad at me for saying something that I wouldn't (33) think twice about.
I sometimes(34) what real friends should be like.Shouldn't they be there for you through the toughest times？Shouldn't they(35)who you are and encourage you to be yourself,rather than asking you to be who they want you to be just to please them？
21. A. threw B. dropped C. adjusted D. opened
22. A. landed B. took C. spied D. built
23. A. occupied B. patted C. reserved D. abandoned
24. A. noisy B. shy C. ignorant D. elegant
25. A. cornered B. addressed C. encountered D. faced
26. A. faults B. causes C. surprises D. benefits
27. A. innocent B. ambitious C. fashionable D. generous
28. A. So B. Or C. And D. But
29. A. on business B. in charge
C. at work D. under pressure
30. A. know B. mention C. like D. smooth
31. A. session B. conversation C. production D. version
32. A. complained B. remembered C. ensured D. anticipated
33. A. suddenly B. normally C. desperately D. guiltily
34. A. wonder B. doubt C. blame D. predict
35. A. imagine B. describe C. respect D. evaluate
36. Tucked away in the northern woodlands of Iceland（1）______（lie） a cozy new spa set to soothe visitors who are looking to enjoy natural hot springs and （2）______（ green） in equal measure.
Forest Lagoon will provide the services that visitors have come to expect from a modern geothermal spa in Iceland.However,it is the Lagoon's integration with（3）______surrounding rock and wooded environment that sets it apart.
Soaking in one of two 104 F infinity pools,visitors can look through the opening of birch,pine and fir trees to a （4）______（panorama） fjord vista.
The spa's leisure pools are heated（5）______all-natural geothermal water sourced from the mountainside behind it.Originally discovered by construction（6）______（crew） in 2014 during an unrelated tunnel project connecting Akureyri and Húsavik,the water has been transformed from a source of headache to a source of relaxation.
（ 7）______（location） in the Vaðlaskógur forest,the spa is a couple minutes' car drive or a short walk from Akureyri,（8）______ is about a 40-minute flight or five-hour drive from Reykjavík.
Hrólfur Karl Cela is one of the lead architects working on Forest Lagoon.（9）______（work） on designing the Blue Lagoon and GeoSea spas with Reykjavík-based Basalt Architects,he explained the main goal of these projects is integrating（10）______into the environment and emphasizing the unique quality of each location.
37. 你校正在组织以运动为主题的英语作文比赛，请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.你对运动的认识；
2.你的日常运动情况。
注意；
1.词数80左右；
2.请在答题卡相应位置作答。
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为 150左右。
When a tornado hit a small town nearby,many families were left homeless.Afterward,all the local newspapers carried stories of the families who suffered the hardest to appeal to people's attention and assistance.
One Sunday,a particular picture especially touched me.A young woman stood in front of a mobile home,a depressed expression on her face.A young boy,seven or eight years old.stood at her side,eyes downcast.Hiding behind her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the camera,wide eyes with confusion and fear.The article below gave clothing sizes closely matched ours.This would be a good opportunity to teach my seven-year-old twins.Brad and Brett,and three-year-old Meghan to help those less fortunate than themselves.
"We have so much.And these poor people now have nothing," I said. "We'll share what we have with them. " I brought three large boxes down from the room upstairs and placed them in the living room.Meghan watched seriously,as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods.While I sorted through our clothes,I encouraged the boys to go through their toys and donate some of their less favorite things.The boys were pleased to join.Brad rose and went to his room fast.He came back bringing his action figures that he played with not so frequently.Brett also jumped up and ran to fetch some of his Matchbox cars and airplane models.Meghan watched quietly as the boys piled up abandoned toys.
The boys placed the objects they had chosen to donate into one of the boxes while I filled the third box with clothes.Meghan walked up with Lucy,her worn,faded,best-loved rag doll hugged tightly to her chest. "I'll help you find something for the little girl,too." I said to the little Meghan.
Para.1 ： "Mommy,I will give Lucy to them," Meghan turned to me.______
Para.2：Recognizing what little Meghan's gesture meant,I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes._______________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、C
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句It stretches for 5，614km across eastern Australia and is intended to stop the country's wild dogs,the dingoes,from hunting sheep.它横跨澳大利亚东部，绵延5614公里，旨在阻止该国的野狗猎杀绵羊。可知，建造围栏的目的是保护牛羊之类的牲畜。B项符合题意，故选B。
（2）C.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句A second is that only a third of these studies examined the impact of fences on anything other than the target species involved,meaning the animals purposely intended to be kept in or out.另一个发现是，这些研究中只有三分之一研究了围栏对目标物种以外的其他物种的影响，这意味着这些动物有意被关在家里或外面。由此可以推知，大约三分之二的研究集中在目标动物身上。故选C。
（3）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段第一二句Often,though,the winners are creatures that cause trouble for existing ecosystems.Keeping dingoes out of large parts of Australia has allowed aggressive red foxes to multiply.然而，赢家往往是给现有生态系统带来麻烦的生物。澳大利亚大部分地区不允许野狗进入，这使得具有攻击性的红狐得以繁殖。可知，意外地受益于围栏的是澳大利亚的红狐。A.Cattle in Botswana.博茨瓦纳的牛。B.Wildebeest in Botswana.博茨瓦纳的角马。C.Red foxes in Australia.澳大利亚的红狐。D.Native rodents in Australia.澳大利亚本土啮齿动物。C项符合题意，故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界第二长的人造建筑---澳大利亚的游牧围栏，以及围栏所产生的一些问题。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局做出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】D、D、C、C
【解析】（1）D.推理判断题。根据文章第二段"As a competitive video gamer,one needs to adapt to a much more aggressive ruleset than most sports or other games.Therefore the video game competitions are less likely to be properly regulated.（作为一名有竞争力的电子游戏玩家，你需要适应比大多数运动或其他游戏更具侵略性的规则。因此，电子游戏竞赛不太可能得到适当的监管。）"以及第三段"While home computers are widely accessible,a large percentage of the gaming population is unable to participate in competitive gaming due to the high-standard computing requirements.（虽然家用电脑随处可见，但由于对电脑的高标准要求，很大一部分游戏玩家无法参与竞争性游戏。）"可推断，作者认为竞争性电子游戏由于规则不一致，要求高，不能被视为运动。故选D项。
（2）D.词义猜测题。根据前文"A professional American football player from any past decade could be transplanted into a current football field,and would only have to be told of a few minor rule changes.The player would know what to do,where to go,and how to accomplish the ultimate goal.He may need to learn a few new plays,but it's fundamentally the same game.However,competitive video gaming has a variety of goals,and those goals are fluid and dynamic.（过去任何一个十年的职业美国橄榄球运动员都可以被移植到现在的足球场上，而且只需要被告知一些小的规则变化。玩家将知道该做什么，去哪里以及如何完成最终目标。他可能需要学习一些新玩法，但游戏本质上是一样的。然而，竞争性电子游戏有各种各样的目标，而且这些目标是动态的。）"可知，电子竞技玩家操作对于传统的体育运动是不同的，所以foreign是"不同的"之意。结合选项A.Difficult困难的；B.Common共同的，普通的；C.Typical典型的；D.Different不同的，故选D项。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据文章第三段"Most traditional sports are approachable by Everyman,even the esoteric（深奥的） ones,at least in an educational setting,where budgets and funding are set for them.While home computers are widely accessible,a large percentage of the gaming population is unable to participate in competitive gaming due to the high-standard computing requirements.（大多数传统体育项目，即使是那些晦涩难懂的项目，至少在有预算和资金支持的教育背景下，普通人都能接受。虽然家用电脑随处可见，但由于对电脑的高标准要求，很大一部分游戏玩家无法参与竞争性游戏。）"以及接下来以《反恐精英》举例即使是像《反恐精英1.6》这样有10年历史的竞技游戏也需要比大多数传统运动更多的装备和装备。篮球、足球或足球的临时游戏比《反恐精英》的临时游戏更容易上手。因此推断作者在第三段中提到《反恐精英》是为了举例说明电子竞技和传统体育的区别。故选C项。
（4）C.推理判断题。根据文章第一段"Cyberathletes and eSports aren't incomparable to traditional athletes and sports because they require less physical exertion or dedication.They are incomparable because they are different from traditional sports in a number of ways.（电子竞技者和电子竞技与传统运动员和体育项目并不是不可比拟的，因为它们需要的体力和投入较少。它们是无可比拟的，因为它们与传统体育在很多方面不同。）"；第二段"Traditional sports are steadfast,and consistent in their structures and mechanics.（传统的体育运动在结构和力学上是坚定的，一致的。）"以及第三段"Most traditional sports are approachable by Everyman,even the esoteric（深奥的） ones,at least in an educational setting,where budgets and funding are set for them.（大多数传统体育项目，即使是那些晦涩难懂的项目，至少在有预算和资金支持的教育背景下，普通人都能接受。）"可推断，作者通过比较和对比来论证他的观点。故选C项。
本文是一篇说明文。文章作者通过将传统体育运动和电子竞技进行比较和对比，来论证电子竞技游戏不能被视作运动的观点。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局做出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】D、D、C、B
【解析】（1）D.词义猜测题。根据第一段中的With almost 200 million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content viewed each week,Netflix is by far the biggest paid service.No.2 is Amazon Prime Video.（ Netflix在全球拥有近2亿用户，每周有10亿小时的内容浏览量，是目前为止最大的付费服务提供商。排名第二的是亚马逊Prime Video.）以及Many smaller streaming services show nothing but sports,classic movies,or Japanese anime（许多小型流媒体服务只播放体育、经典电影或日本动漫）可知，在排名一、二的Netflix和亚马逊这样的流媒体服务商之外，有许多小型的流媒体服务接踵而至，因此 "Goliath"和"David"在此处代指流媒体服务，故选D。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据第二段中的A quarter of is subscribers,who protested price increases,said they would cancel their subscriptions.Few did.（四分之一的订阅者抗议价格上涨，并表示他们将取消订阅。很少这样做的。）和第三段中的A major reason：Streaming networks have become home to many of the most popular TV series,including recent Emmy winners.They offer fullength feature films as well,.（一个主要原因是：流媒体网络已经成为许多最受欢迎的电视剧的发源地，包括最近的艾美奖得主。他们也提供完整长度的电影）可知，大多数Netflix用户继续订阅是因为流媒体网络已经成为许多受欢迎的电视、电影的片源地，他们认为物有所值，故选D。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据第三段中的Netflix received more Oscar nominations （提名） than any other media company.In fact,streaming has changed the Oscar competition,at least for this year.（ Netflix获得的奧斯卡提名比其他任何媒体公司都多。事实上，流媒体已经改变了奥斯卡竞赛，至少今年是这样。）以及all movies released online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Academy Awards.That shift is especially good news for Disney,which is putting the maming service,Disney+.（ 2020年在网上，上映的所有电影都有资格获得2021年奥斯卡奖。这一转变对迪士尼来说尤其是个好消息，该公司正将备受期待的电影《花木兰》（Mulan）放到其新的流媒体服务Disney+上。）可知，对迪斯尼来说的好消息是电影《花木兰》可以角逐奥斯卡奖了，故选C。
（4）B.细节理解题。根据最后一段"There are those who binge-watch,a term Merriam-Webster added in 2017 with the definition "to watch many or all episodes of （a TV series） on end.'Alejandro Fragoso from New York holds the Guinness World Record：94 straight hours.（韦氏词典在2017年增加了binge-watch（刷剧）一词，指"一口气看完（电视剧）很多集或所有集"。来自纽约的Alejandro Fragoso保持着连续94小时的吉尼斯世界纪录。）可知，binge-watchers倾向于不停刷剧，故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了流媒体在美国的发展。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局做出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】B、C、A、B
【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据第一段"In 2016，in an Illinois town called Cahokia,woman was sent to prison just because she failed to tend her lawn .In 2019，a Florida man was fined ﹩30，000 by the city of Dunedin for allowing his grass to grow more than 10 inches in height.These examples,while extreme,are not rare occurrence in America.2016年，在伊利诺斯州一个叫卡霍基亚的小镇，一个女人因为没有照看好她的草坪，而被送进了监狱。2019年，一名佛罗里达男子，因为让他的草长高超过10英寸，被达尼丁市罚款3万美元。这些例子虽然极端，但在美国并不罕见。"介绍的两个不同寻常的案例并结合下文美国人对草坪的喜爱与重视可知，作者通过这两个案例展示草坪在美国社会中的重要性。故选B项。
（2）C.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子"A study estimated that turf grasses （lawns,parks,athletic fields,etc） cover over 40 million acres in the continental U.S.，an area larger than any crop area.And Americans spend as much as ﹩60 billion a year maintaining these grasses.These impressive data are the result of Americans' setting much store by these pieces of greenery for several centuries.一项研究估计，草坪草（草坪、公园、运动场等）在美国大陆覆盖面积超过4000万英亩，比任何作物种植面积都大。美国人每年花费600亿美元来维护这些草。这些令人印象深刻的数据是几个世纪以来，美国人对这些绿色植物的重视的结果。"可知草坪在美国大陆占地面积很大，美国人为维护草坪花了很多钱，由此可知画线处表示美国人对草坪非常地重视，setting much store 意为"非常重视"。A.Making full use of 充分利用；B.Facing the consequence of 面对灾难的后果；C.Attaching great importance to 非常重视；D.Shouldering the responsibility for 承担责任。故选C项。
（3）A.细节理解题。根据第四段中的The relative health and attractiveness of the grass in their yard becomes a barometer for their life as whole.他们院子里草的相对健康和吸引力成为他们整个生活的晴雨表。可知，美国人喜欢精心照料的草坪是因为草坪在人们的心理构建方面的功能。故选A项。
（4）B.细节理解题。根据第五段中的To begin,a lawn requires massive quantities of resources to sustain.The U.S.Department of Agriculture estimates that lawns account for about half of homeowner's water use,much of which is wasted.Additionally,Americans are reported to use 80 million pounds of chemicals on their lawns each year.The process of tending the lawn also contributes to air pollution.首先，草坪需要大量的资源来维持。美国农业部估计，草坪约占房主用水量的一半，其中大部分被浪费了。此外，据报道，美国人每年在草坪上，使用8000万磅的化学物质。照料草坪的过程也造成了空气污染。可知大面积的草坪引起了重大的环境问题。故选B项。
本文是一篇说明文。美国人对草坪的情有独钟有着历史根源及心理方面的原因，但大面积的草坪对环境有着重大的负面影响。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局做出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】F、A、C、E、D
【解析】（1）F.推理判断题。上文In today's world we are constantly surrounded by technology.It's true to say that technology makes our lives easier（在当今世界，我们一直被科技所包围。科技使我们的生活更容易，这是事实。）说明科技给我们带来好处，下文Otherwise we put ourselves at risk of developing hundreds of health problems.Over the summer the days are longer,sunnier and free from school.With all this free time,why not put it to good use and do something that doesn't involve technology？（否则我们就会把自己置于数百种健康问题的危险之中。夏天白天更长，阳光更充足，而且不用上学。有这么多空闲时间，为什么不好好利用，做一些不涉及科技的事情呢？）提倡做一些不涉及科技的事情，说明设空处应与上文形成转折关系。F项"However,increasingly scientists are saying that we need to give ourselves a break.（然而，越来越多的科学家表示，我们需要让自己休息一下）"符合语境。故选F。
（2）A.推理判断题。下文There are hundreds of possibilities：crafts,cooking,learning a musical instrument or a new sport.Maybe you've always wanted to try out that recipe,but haven't had time？Perhaps you fancy learning how to knit,so you can have a new sweater for the autumn？（有成百上千的可能性：手工艺、烹饪、学习一种乐器或一项新的运动。也许你一直想尝试一下这个食谱，但一直没有时间？也许你想学编织，这样秋天就能有一件新毛衣了？）讲述的是可以学习的新技能。设空处位于段首，起开启下文的作用。A项"To start with,you could learn a new skill.（首先，你可以学习一项新技能）"符合语境，下文提到的"crafts,cooking,learning a musical instrument or a new sport"等，就是新技能的举例说明。故选A。
（3）C.推理判断题。上文Maybe you've always wanted to try out that recipe,but haven't had time？Perhaps you fancy learning how to knit,so you can have a new sweater for the autumn？You could use your free time to learn something new.（也许你一直想尝试一下这个食谱，但一直没有时间？也许你想学编织，这样秋天就能有一件新毛衣了？你可以利用空闲时间学点新东西。）讲述的是学习新技能的可能性。设空处位于段尾，承接上文所讲。C项"And perhaps it'll lead to an exciting opportunity in the future.（也许这会在将来带来一个令人兴奋的机会）"符合语境，与上文句式相同，and和perhaps是关键词。故选C。
（4）E.细节理解题。上文If you just fancy relaxing,why not head to a beach？Take along your favourite book and relax on the sand or go for a walk along the coastline （just make sure you're aware of the tides!）.If you don't live near a beach,you could go to your local park.（如果你只想放松一下，为什么不去海滩呢？带上你最喜欢的书，在沙滩上放松，或者沿着海岸线散步（只是要确保你知道潮汐！）如果你不住在海滩附近，你可以去附近的公园）讲述的是户外放松的方式。设空处承接上文，可能推荐不在海滩附近的放松方式。E项"Why not take along a picnic,or try and identify some of the local wildlife？（为什么不去野餐，或者尝试辨认一些当地的野生动物呢？）"符合语境，其中"Why not take along"与上文一致。故选E。
（5）D.推理判断题。上文Whatever you choose to do with your summer,try something new!（不管你夏天选择做什么，尝试一些新的东西吧！）讲述的是夏天的时候尝试做一些新的事。下文Also,you might make new friends along the way.Next time you find yourself aimlessly channel -hopping,have a think at what else you could spend your time doing.（同时，你可能会在这个过程中交到新朋友。下次当你发现自己漫无目的地换台时，想想看你还能把时间花在什么事情上。）讲述的是打发时间时可以想一想做些其他的事。设空处位于段中，承上启下。D项"You might surprise yourself and find a hidden talent within you.（你可能会让自己惊讶，发现你隐藏的才能）"符合语境，hidden talent呼应上文的something new。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述在科技发达的今天要学会从中放松自己。
考查选句填空。做题时要注意以下几点：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】C、A、B、B、D、A、C、D、B、C、D、A、B、A、C
【解析】（1）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.threw扔；B.dropped下降；C.adjusted调整；D.opened打开。句意：当我在寻找座位坐的时候，我调整了一下我的书包。根据前文"My heart was pounding as I climbed onto the school bus on the first day of middle school."可知，作者是在匆忙中奔向公交车的，所以上车之后，调整了一下肩上的书包。故选C。
（2）A.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.landed on降落于；B.took on承担，呈现；C.spied on暗中监视；D.built on依赖，依靠。句意：我的目光降落在两个挨着坐的女孩身上。根据后文"They smiled at me and（3）____ the seat next to theirs."可知，我的目光落在坐着的两个女孩身上，看向她们时，她们也朝我微笑。故选A。
（3）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.occupied占据；B.patted轻拍；C.reserved预定；D.abandoned拋弃。句意：她们朝我微笑，并拍着自己身旁的空座位。根据后文"1 sat down on the seat and（5）____ the girls."可知，这两个女孩拍了拍身旁的座位，示意让我坐在她们旁边。故选B。
（4）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.noisy喧闹的；B.shy害羞的；C.ignorant无知的；D.elegant优雅的。句意：平常我是不会害羞的，但是现在我几乎不认识任何人，而且也不敢结交新的朋友。根据句子中but的转折意义可知，作者这里想要表达的是虽然在当时她说话紧张，那是因为她一个人都不认识，其实在正常情况下，自己是不会害羞紧张的。故选B。
（5）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.cornered （sb.）缠着某人；B.addressed（sb.）.对某人讲话；C.encountered （sb.）遇到某人；D.faced （sb.）面对着某人。句意：我坐在座位上，面对着这两个女孩。根据后文"I looked at my Converse All Stars and frowned.Why hadn't I worn more stylish shoes ？"可知，作者面对着这两个女孩，打量了她们的装扮，于是开始埋怨自己穿的鞋不够流行。故选D。
（6）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.faults错误，缺点；B.causes原因；C.surprises惊喜；D.benefits好处。句意：但是我们的友谊并不是没有缺陷。根据下文作者讲述在与Jessica相处的过程中感受到她性格的强势以及一些不悦的心情体验可知，她们之间的友谊也是不完美有缺陷的。故选A。
（7）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.innocent无辜的；B.ambitious有雄心抱负的；C.fashionable时尚的；D.generous慷慨的。句意：她非常时尚，我们两个会采纳她的化妆和穿搭建议。根据"and we'd go to her for make-up and clothing advice."可知，因为Jessica是个很懂时尚的女孩，所以我们两个才会听取她在这方面的建议。故选C。
（8）D.考查连词及语境理解。A.So所以；B.Or或者；C.And和，并且；D.But但是。句意：但是她是一个"我做主"的性格而且带着严格要求的目光审视一切。根据后文"Once the three of us went to the mall.I ended up spending fifty dollars on a skirt that I didn't even （10）____just to make Jessica happy."可知，这里是通过转折意义来表达Jessica性格中的强势。故选D。
（9）B.考查介词短语及语境理解。A.on business出差；B.in charge负责，主管；C.at work在工作；D.under pressure处于压力下。句意：她总是要掌控一切。根据后文作者与Jessica一起逛商场，为了让她开心，买了一件自己并不喜欢的衣服的这个经历可知，Jessica喜欢主管一切，要求别人按照自己的意愿做事，满足自己的喜好。故选B。
（10）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.know知道；B.mention提及；C.like喜欢；D.smooth使光滑。句意：最后我花了50美元买了一件我自己并不喜欢的裙子，只是为了让Jessica高兴。根据设空后的"just to make Jessica happy."可知，作者买了这条裙子并不是因为自己喜欢，只是为了让Jessica开心。故选C。
（11）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.session会议；B.conversation谈话；C.production成果，产品；D.version版本。句意：时间久了，我发现自己的行为是一个伪装版本的自己，只是为了取悦Jessica,让她不要对我生气。根据句意可知，作者在与Jessica的相处过程中，一直委屈自己去取悦她，已经让自己变成一个虚假的样子了，另一个版本的自己。故选D。
（12）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.complained抱怨；B.remembered记住；C.ensured确保；D.anticipated预期，预见。句意：当我与别人相处时，她就抱怨我说我变了，事实上我只是在做我自己。根据"I was different"可知，Jessica在对我抱怨，说我变了。故选A。
（13）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.suddenly突然；B.normally通常地；C.desperately拼命地；D.guiltily内疚地。句意：我总是害怕她会因为我说的一些话而生气，可能那些话我自己平常都不会再三考虑。根据句意可知，作者很担心Jessica会对自己随口说的话生气，那些话可能自己平常都不会在意。故选B。
（14）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.wonder想知道；B.doubt怀疑；C.blame责备；D.predict预测，预知。句意：我有时候也想知道真正的朋友是什么样子的。根据后文"Shouldn't they be there for you through the toughest times？"作者发出的疑问可知，在与Jessica不太愉快的相处经历中，作者自己也很想知道真正的朋友是什么样子的。故选A。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.imagine想象；B.describe描述；C.respect尊重；D.evaluate评估。句意：她们不应该是尊重你、鼓励你做自己吗？而不是要求你仅仅是为了满足自己而让你成为她们想要的样子。根据后文"and encourage you to be yourself"以及前文作者讲述在与Jessica的相处中她的强势和霸道，让作者思考朋友之间难道不应该是相互尊重的吗？故选C。
本文是一篇故事类记叙文。文章讲述了作者中学时代认识的一位朋友，有一个很强势霸道的性格，带给作者一些不好的相处体验，引发作者对朋友这一关系的思考。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。
36.【答案】lies
【解析】（1）lies.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在冰岛北部的森林中，有一个舒适的新温泉，可以让那些想要享受自然温泉和绿色植物的游客放松一下。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。本句为完全倒装句，主语为a cozy new spa,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填lies。
（2）greenery.考查不可数名词。句意：在冰岛北部的森林中，有一个舒适的新温泉，可以让那些想要享受自然温泉和绿色植物的游客放松一下。根据连词and可知，这里用名词形式与hot springs并列，作动词enjoy的宾语，为不可数名词，故填greenery。
（3）the.考查冠词。句意：然而，它与周围的岩石和森林环境的融合使它与众不同。名词rock和environment为特指，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
（4）panoramic.考查形容词。句意：在两个104 F的无边际游泳池中，游客可以透过开放的桦树、松树和冷杉看到峡湾全景。名词fjord vista前用形容词修饰。故填panoramic。
（5）with.考查介词。句意：水疗中心的休闲游泳池是用来自其背后山腰的纯天然地热水加热的。这里考查with的复合结构：with +名词+过去分词。故填with。
（6）crews.考查可数名词的复数。句意：2014年，施工人员在连接Akureyri和Húsavik的一个不相关的隧道工程中发现了这种水，现在它已经从头痛的源头变成了放松的源泉。名词crew为可数名词，根据常识施工人员应该很多，所以用复数形式。故填crews。
（7）Located.考查过去分词。句意：该水疗中心位于Vaðlaskógur森林，距离Akureyri只有几分钟的车程，从Reykjavík开车到Akureyri大约需要40分钟的飞行或5小时的车程。be located in坐落于，位于，在句中作状语，所以用过去分词形式，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填Located。
（8）which.考查定语从句。句意：该水疗中心位于Vaðlaskógur森林，距离Akureyri只有几分钟的车程，从Reykjavík开车到Akureyri大约需要40分钟的飞行或5小时的车程。句中先行词为Akureyri,指物，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
（9）Having worked.考查现在分词及时态。句意：他曾与Reykjavík基于玄武岩建筑师合作设计Blue Lagoon和GeoSea水疗中心，他解释说，这些项目的主要目标是将它们融入环境，并强调每个地点的独特品质。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语he与work之间为主动关系，且动作发生在主句动作explained之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。且置于句首，首字母大写，故填Having worked。
（10）them.考查代词。句意：他曾与Reykjavík基于玄武岩建筑师合作设计Blue Lagoon和GeoSea水疗中心，他解释说，这些项目的主要目标是将它们融入环境，并强调每个地点的独特品质。代指the Blue Lagoon和GeoSea spa,所以用代词them代替，故填them。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰岛新开的森林泻湖温泉让游客沉浸在树林之中。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】A healthy body is necessary for a healthy mind. Only by keeping ourselves healthy can we feel energetic and confident in our studies and work.【高分句型一】（话题）
Playing sports is one of the best ways to keep us fit. People's tastes in sports are different. Some people adore basketball, while others like cycling. For some people, swimming is the best kind of sport； and for others, they can't imagine their lives without the gym. Life is a movement, and sport is the thing that gives us an opportunity to move.【高分句型二】（你对运动的认识）
I usually go jogging before breakfast. It helps me enjoy a good healthy body and make my mind relaxed.I like playing sports.（你的日常运动情况）
【解析】高分句型一：Only by keeping ourselves healthy can we feel energetic and confident in our studies and work.
译文：只有保持健康，我们才能在学习和工作中感到精力充沛和自信。
分析：这句话使用only+介词短语置于句首，后面接部分倒装。
高分句型二：Life is a movement, and sport is the thing that gives us an opportunity to move.
译文：生活是一场运动，运动是给我们机会去活动的东西。
分析：这句话使用that引导定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】Paragraph 1
"Mommy,I will give Lucy to them," Meghan turned to me. "Oh,Honey," I said." You don't have to give Lucy.You love her so much." Meghan nodded seriously；eyes filled with held-back tears. "Lucy makes me happy,Mommy.Maybe she'll make that other little girl happy,too." The boys had watched,open-mouthed,as their baby sister placed her favorite doll in the box.Without a word,Brad rose and went to his room.He came back carrying one of his favorite action figures. 【高分句型一】He hesitated briefly,clutching the toy,then looked over at Meghan and placed it in the box next to Lucy.A slow smile spread across Brett's face.Then he jumped up eyes twinkling as he ran to fetch some of his prized Matchbox cars.（看到姐姐将自己心爱的玩具捐了出去，这些男孩们也捐出了自己心爱的物品）
Paragraph 2
Recognizing what little Meghan's gesture meant,I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes.Taking the cue from my little one,I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes.I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had found on sale last week.【高分句型二】I hoped the young woman in the picture would love it as much as I did.What Meghan did taught me a lesson that the true spirit of donating is to give with your heart.（感动于孩子们的善举，我也把上周刚买的衣服捐出去）
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在看到一张受灾家庭的照片后回家号召孩子们去捐出自己用不到的东西来帮助那一家人。但是自己小女儿的行为却深深感动了作者，让作者意识到了真正的慷慨不是捐出自己用不到的物品，而是自己喜爱的物品，这才是真正的慷慨。
高分句型一：He came back carrying one of his favorite action figures.
翻译：他带着一个他最喜欢的动作人物画像回来了。
分析：现在分词短语carrying one of his favorite action figures作状语。
高分句型二：I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had found on sale last week.
翻译：我把它换成了上星期打折时买的新的绿色衬衫。
分析：that引导的定语从句。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
（5）关键用词，标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语这一点可以帮助考生自己检查关键词的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到"字迹工整、清晰"。
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