2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理 - there be句型教案学案
展开There be句型是英语中常用的重要句型之一,意为“某处有某物或某人”,句子的结尾往往带有地点状语或时间状语,其中there是引导词,本身没有词义,be是谓语动词,be后的名词或代词是句子的主语。
There be句型be的选用
There be句型中的be要依据be后的名词或代词主语确定be的单复数形式。一般情况下,be后的名词是单数或不可数名词用is;be后的名词是复数则用are。如:
There is a man at the dr.门口有个人。
There are sme girls in the rm.房间里有几个女孩。
There is a lt f water in the lake.湖里有好多水。
注意:
①there be句型中be的后面若只有一个主语,谓语的数则取决于该主语的数;若有几个主语并列,则通常是与靠近的主语保持一致。如:
There is a pen and sme bks n the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
There are sme bks and a pen n the desk.课桌上有一些书和一支钢笔。
There is a textbk,a dictinary and sme ntebks n the desk.课桌上有一本教科书、一本字典和几本笔记本。
②There is可以缩写为There's。
There be句型的疑问与否定
1.There be句型的疑问句
There be句型的一般疑问句,须把be移至there之前;其一般疑问句的肯定回答为:Yes,there is/are.否定回答为:N,there isn't/aren't.如:
— Are there any children in the rm?房间里有小孩吗?
— Yes,there are.是的,有。/N,there aren't.不,没有。
— Are there any bys in yur grup?你们小组中有男生吗?
— Yes,there are.是的,有。/N,there aren't.不,没有。
— Is there anything fr me t d?有什么事需要我做吗?
— Yes,there is.是的,有。/N,there isn't.不,没有。
注意:
there be句型的特殊疑问句往往省略there,其中的be通常用is,回答时必须用there be来回答,不能省略,其中的be要依据后面的名词单复数确定。如:
— What is (there)in the rm?房间里有什么?
— There's a bed and a desk in it.里面有一张床和一张课桌。
— What's n the desk?课桌上有什么?
— There are sme bks n it.上面有一些书。
2.There be句型的否定句
There be句型的否定句直接在be后加nt或n即可。其中There is nt可缩写为There isn't;There are nt可缩写为There aren't。如:
There is nt much dubt abut his guilt.对他的罪行没有多少怀疑。
There isn't much life in the small cuntry village.那个小村子里没有多少生气。
There is n great difficulty.没有大的困难。
There is n need t wrry.没有必要发愁。
There be句型的反意疑问句
如果There be句型是肯定句,其反意疑问部分用否定式isn't there?wasn't there?或aren't there?weren't there?如果There be句型是否定句,或者There be句型中有seldm,hardly,little,few,n,nthing,nbdy之类的否定词或半否定词,反意疑问部分须用肯定式is there?was there?或are there?were there?如果There be句子中带有否定前缀的词,则该部分应看成肯定式,反意疑问部分仍要用否定形式。如:
There is a beautiful clck n the wall,isn't there?墙上挂着一只钟,不是吗?
There is little milk in the bttle,is there?瓶里没有牛奶了,是吗?
There was n time fr the twins t g shpping,was there?这对双胞胎没时间购物了,是不是?
There was an unusual bike under the tree,wasn't there?树下有一辆不寻常的自行车,不是吗?
There be句型后的非谓语动词
There be句型后有时可以跟非谓语动词,其形式可以是不定式,也可以用现在分词,有时还用过去分词。但表达的意义不同。
(1)there be ...+现在分词,表示动作正在进行。如:
There is smene waiting fr him.有人在等他。
There was a man standing in frnt f me.我前面站着一个男人。
There were sme children swimming in the river.有些小孩在河里游泳。
There were a grup f yung peple wrking in the fields.有一群青年在地里劳动。
注意:
有时现在分词可表示一种状态。如:
There's a pian standing against the wall.靠墙有一架钢琴。
There're a lt f difficulties facing us.我们面前有很多困难。
There is a dr leading t the garden.有一扇门通往花园。
(2)there be ...+不定式,表示动作尚未发生。如:
There was nbdy t lk after the child.没有人照顾这个孩子。
There was a large crwd t send him ff.有一大群人要来给他送行。
There is much wrk t d.有许多工作要做。
There is nthing t be afraid f.没什么可怕的。
(3)there be ...+过去分词,表示一种被动关系,同时表示动作已经发生。如:
There is nthing written n it.上面没写东西。
There were ten peple killed in the accident.事故中有10人丧生。
There be与have(has)的区别
(1)意义不同:There be表示存在关系,指某处有某物;have(has)表示所属关系,指某人或某物所有或具有。如:
There wasn't anything interesting in yesterday's newspaper.昨天的报纸上没有什么有趣的东西。
I have a brther.我有个弟弟。
The table has fur legs.那张桌子有四条腿。
(2)结构不同:There be句型的结构是:There be+sb./sth.+时间/地点(副词或介词短语);have (has)句型的结构是:sb./sth.+have (has)+sb./sth.
There are sme children in the garden.花园里有几个孩子。
She has three cars.她拥有三辆汽车。(汽车是属于她的)
注意:
若是部分与整体关系时,有时用两种表达方式都可以。如:
A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。
【习题速递】
1.— What's the matter,Jenny?
— _____ smething wrng with my bike.
A.It is B.There is C.I have D.It has
2.There _____ a basketball match in ur schl tmrrw.
A.will have B.will be
C.are D.is ging t have
3.— Is there a watermeln n the table?
— _____
A.Yes,there is. B.Yes,it is.
C.N,there is. D.N,it isn't.
4. There _____ tw dictinaries n the bkcase.Yu can use either f them.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
5. There _____ a pencil and sme pens in the bx.
A.is B.are C.aren't
【答案点拨】
1.答案:B 句意:“怎么啦,詹妮?”“我的自行车有毛病了。”There is smething wrng with sb.r sth.是固定搭配,意为“某人或某物有问题/毛病了”,故选B。
2.答案:B 句意:我们学校明天将有一场篮球赛。由tmrrw可知句子用将来时;There be句型的将来时为There will be或There is ging t be ...。故选 B。
3.答案:A 句意:桌子上有个西瓜吗?There be句型一般疑问句的肯定回答为:Yes,there is.否定回答为:N,there isn't.故选A。
4.答案:C 句意:书架上有两本字典,你可以从中拿一本。由句意可知句子用一般现在时;由tw dictinaries可知复数名词be用are。故选C。
5.答案:A 句意:盒子里有一支铅笔和一些钢笔。There be句型中be动词与靠近的主语保持数的一致,故选A。
【语法专练】
1. Watch ut,Peter!_____ is a little by playing ahead n the rad.
A.It B.This C.That D.There
2.— D yu knw _____ a wnderful ftball match and tw basketball matches n July 15th ?
— Yeah.I am ging t watch them n that day.
A.there will be B.there will have
C.there are D.there have
3._____ mre chances fr yung peple t find jbs in big cities.
A.There are B.We have C.It's said
4. There _____ sme gd advice abut hw t reduce air pllutin n the Internet.
A.are B.is C.have D.were
5.Dn't wrry.There _____ enugh water,vegetables and fruits in the fridge.
A.have B.are C.is
6.Lk!This is ur class pht.There _____45 students in my class.
A.has B.have C.is D.are
7. There _____ a number f bks in the library and the number f them _____ increasing.
A.has,is B.have,are
C.are,is D.is,are
8. The weather frecast says that _____ anther strm tmrrw.
A.there will have B.there will be
C.there has D.there has been
9. — Listen!There _____ smene _____ at the dr.
— It must be yur sister.
A.is;kncking B.is;knck
C.are;kncking D.are;knck
10.There _____ a card n the teacher's desk five minutes ag,but nw it is gne.
A.have B.is C.was
【答案速递】
1.D 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C
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