Unit 2（学生专用）-2021-2022学年八年级英语下册同步精品讲义（人教版）

 Unit 2  I’ll help to clean up the city parks  Section  A 1.清洁、打扫clean up2.使振奋、高兴cheer up3.分发、散发give/ hand out4.过去常常做某事used to do sth5.志愿去做某事volunteer to do6.提出，想出come up with7.推迟put off8.张贴；搭建put up9.打电话call up10.照顾，照料care for/look after/take care of11.在…岁at the age of12.参与选拔；试用try out13.同时at the same time14.一个强烈的满足感a strong feeling of satisfaction15.为…而筹钱raise money for16.为…发愁be worried aboutSection  B 1.修理、装饰fix up2.用光，用尽run out (of)3.（外貌/行为）像…take after4.捐赠、赠送give away5.与…相似be similar to6.建立；设立set up7.残疾人disabled people 8.对…有影响/作用make a difference to9.帮助某人摆脱困境help sb. out10.对…感到兴奋be excited about     要点精讲1.（1）① help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事例：你能在家庭作业方面帮助我吗？ _____________________________________________ ② help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事例：他常常帮助他妈妈做家务。  _____________________________________________（2）clean up意为“打扫干净”2. cheer up  使开心, 使振作、振奋，代词用作宾语时，要放在cheer和up之间。例：_____________________________________________  振作起来！一切都会好的。  3. give out  分发、散发，相当于hand out4. volunteer用作动词，表示“义务做、自愿做”，后接不定式作宾语，volunteer to do sth.“志愿做某事”；作名词，表示“志愿者”，为可数名词。5. also, too, as well与either都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。also放在句中行为动词前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后He also wants to go.too用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开He wants to go, too.as well用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开He wants to go as well.either用于否定句句末，句前不用逗号隔开He doesn’t want to go either6. come up with  想出、提出（主意或者想法）7. help out  帮忙分担、帮某人摆脱困境8. lonely 作形容词表示 “孤独的、荒凉的、偏僻的”；alone既可以作形容词也可以作副词，作形容词时只能作表语，不能作定语。9. care for  照顾、照料，后接名词或者代词作宾语，相当于look after或者take care of10. such用作形容词，表示“这样、如此”，用来修饰名词，可以修饰可数名词单数，也可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词。例：It’s such a nice day.  今天天气真好。I hope to______________________ every day.  我希望每天都有这么好吃的食物。    11. at the age of  在……岁时，表示年龄。12. try out for  参加……选拔、争取成为……例：_____________________________________________   许多男孩参加了足球队的选拔。13. at the same time  同时例：你不能同时写作业和看电视。_____________________________________________ 14. ① try to do sth.   尽力做某事例：医生尽力挽救（save）生病的女孩。 _____________________________________________② try doing sth. 尝试做某事15. take after  长得像16. fix up  修理，代词作宾语时，放在fix和up中间17. give away 捐赠、赠送，还可以表示 泄露（秘密）18. be similar to 与……相似   be similar in  在……方面类似例：____________________________________mine.     她的想法和我的相似。__________________________________appearances.  这对双胞胎外表相似。19. ① keep sth. 保留某物例：___________________________until the next weekend 你可以把这本书留到下周末。② keep doing sth. 一直做某事例：______________________________ after he went out of the prison（监狱）.      那个小偷出狱后仍不停地偷东西。③ keep + adj. 保持……例：The girl_____________________ slim（苗条的）.  这个女孩吃一点东西以保持苗条。④ keep sb./sth. + adj./介词短语  保持某人/某物……例：______________________________ while we are asleep. 我们睡觉时应该把窗户开着。⑤ keep sb. doing sth. 保持某人做某事例：The mother ___________________________________.  母亲让婴儿在床上哭。   20. write a letter to sb. = write sb. a letter = write to sb.  给某人写信21. make a difference to 对…有影响、对…起作用，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语例：The rain______________________________________ 下雨对比赛没有影响。  22. bring带来，强调从别的地方带到说话的地方，常与副词here连用；take表示“带走”，强调从说话的地方带去别的地方，常与副词there连用；carry表示“搬、抬”，没有方向性。23. train用作及物动词，表示“训练、培训”，train sb./sth. to do sth.“训练某人/某物做某事”。 24. be able to 能，会，表示能力，与can同义【拓展】辨析：be able to与canbe able to强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can强调自身已具有的能力。  语法讲解 动词不定式一.  作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth. 做某事对某人来说很……（形容词是nice, kind, right, clever, polite, careless等表示主语品质的形容词。）It takes sb. some time to do sth.  花费某人多少时间做某事二.  作宾语动词agree (同意)  offer (提出)  intend, plan (打算,计划)  demand, ask (要求)  promise (答应) help (帮忙)  prepare (准备)  decide (决定)  refuse (拒绝)  dare (敢于)  choose (选择)wish,hope,want,expect (希望，想要)  fail（不能,忘记） pretend (假装)  manage (设法)  determine（决心）常接动词不定式作宾语。【记忆口诀】同意提出做计划， 要求答应来帮忙。 准备决定遭拒绝， 敢于选择有希望。 不能做到莫假装， 设法做成决心强。 三.  作（后置）定语常用于“have/has＋sth.＋to do”或“enough＋名词＋to do” “It’s time to do sth.” 等结构中。四.  动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。五.  作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语构成tell / ask / want / call / invite sb. to do sth. 结构。【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel) 二听(listen to, hear) 三让let,make,have, 四看look at,see, watch,notice 半帮助help”。六.  固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有：had better (not) do sth.    最好（不）做…Would you like to do sth.?   你想做…？Why not do sth.?     为什么不做…?Would you please (not) do sth.?  请你（不）做….好吗？ 一. 词汇1.—She wants to be a _________ (志愿者).2.—Did you see the poster on the _________ (公告牌)?  —No, I didn’t.3.I didn’t have breakfast. Now I have a _________  (感觉) of hunger.4.We saw a _________ (标志) which says “No parking”. So we couldn’t park the car there.5.They have a strong feeling of _________ (满足).6.—When is the tennis_________(train)?—It is at four o’clock in the afternoon.7.She had_________(difficult) finding the way to the museum.8.He can’t see anything. He is a b_________man.9.There is something wrong with his ears. He is a d_________man.10.I can’t go to the movies with you. I have to look after my s_________sister. She has a bad cold.11.She doesn’t have friends in her new school. So she feels very l_________.12.My uncle has a large house and he is the o_________of the house.13.My younger sister looks very sad. Let’s go and c_________her up.14.I don’t u_________ your meaning. Please say it again.二. 单选( )15. —Tom’s pet dog died last week; he still looks sad now.—Maybe we should do something to_____him_____.A. cheer; up   B. cheer; on    C. pick; up D. look; out( )16. My brother_____play basketball. But now he likes playing baseball.used to   B. is used to    C. is used for D. was used to ( )17. —How do you know the store wants shop assistants?—It_____many signs in the neighborhood.put down   B. put on      C. put out  D. put up ( )18. Tom, Your room is too dirty. You must_____.A. clean up it    B. clean up them   C. clean them up    D. clean it up( )19. My grandparents’ clock doesn’t work. I’m trying to find a repairman who can_____for them.fix it up    B. fix up it   C. put up it  D. put it up ( )20. —Never_____today’s work till tomorrow.   —Yes. It’s a good habit.put off    B. put on    C. put up      D. put down ( )21. The kind girl often volunteers her time_____others.helped       B. to help    C. helping  D. help ( )22. We all feel_____after hear of the_____news.A. excited; excited B. exciting; exciting   C. excited; exciting    D. exciting; excited( )23. You can_____how our live will be if there is no electric.A. imagine    B. think       C. brave     D. talk( )24. The girl is_____. She can’t use her legs and arms well.A. interesting    B. disabled     C. brave      D. great三. 完成句子25.你们是怎样为慈善机构募集钱的？How did you___________ ___________for charity?26.他们同时到达了终点线。They arrived at the fishing line ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________. 27.老师要我们先制定计划。The teacher asked us to___________ ___________first.28.谢谢你帮我做家务。  ___________ ___________ ___________me with housework.29.Lily说她有能力自己完成这项工作。Lily said that she ___________ ___________ ___________finish the work by herself.30.他有很多业余爱好，比如，画画。He has many hobbies,___________ ___________, painting.31.那个女士钱包丢了，她马上报了警。The lady lost her wallet and called the police ___________ ___________.  32.我的观点和你的相似。My opinions are___________ ___________yours.33.那位教授对我的生活产生了影响。The professor___________ ___________ ___________to my life.34.我的能力将会使我实现梦想成为可能。My ability will___________ ___________ ___________to realize my dream.四.  从方框中选出合适的短语，并用其适当的形式填空give away  set up  take after  give out  stay up  The old man is generous and he is going to__________all his money to charity.36. The teacher asked me to__________the papers to the students. I was glad to help him.37. Don’t__________too late. If you don’t go to bed early, you may feel sleepy the next day.38. Lily__________her mother. But she is a little taller than her mother.39. They__________a small company last year.五. 完形填空For a full­time worker and a mother of three, it seems impossible to spend time__1__, but Hope Cooper can make it. Cooper volunteers at Parent­Teacher­Student Association (PTSA) in Varina High School. Her work is to __2__ applications(申请表格)to students with scholarships (奖学金) for college. Cooper says, “I usually run to the PTSA meetings right after work. After the meetings, I have to run home and cook dinner for my own children. ”__3__of Cooper's children goes to Varina High School, but she says, “Volunteering isn't all about helping the people you know best, but it's about helping those who__4__you most. ” Cooper chooses to volunteer in Varina High School because she__5__some poor students can't afford the higher education. She says__6__she can't help out every student, helping out one student is rewarding (值得的). Cooper thinks volunteering not only makes a difference to the students but also__7__her thought of what is important in life. Cooper says volunteering may seem__8__to one but means so much to those who need it. She __9__everyone to take part in it. She plans to keep on volunteering in the future. “Volunteering gives me a __10__ that I need. I'll ask my children to volunteer, too,” she says. 1. A. volunteering   B. studying   C. raising   D. improving2. A. care for     B. try out   C. set up   D. give out3. A. Both     B. None   C. Either   D. Each4. A. accept     B. interest   C. need   D. have5. A. expects     B. means   C. disagrees   D. understands6. A. unless     B. although   C. but   D. because7. A. changes     B. controls   C. imagines   D. opens8. A. clever     B. strong   C. similar   D. simple9. A. prepares     B. trains   C. advises   D. refuses10. A. feeling     B. promise   C. notice   D. journey