2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(课标全国Ⅰ卷)

这是一份2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(课标全国Ⅰ卷)，共10页。试卷主要包含了5分,满分7，15，Wh might Mr等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语试题(课标全国Ⅰ卷)　
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上,录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?
A.￡19.15.
B.￡9.18.
C.￡9.15.
答案是C。
1.What does the woman want to do?
A.Find a place.
B.Buy a map.
C.Get an address.
2.What will the man do for the woman?
A.Repair her car.
B.Give her a ride.
C.Pick up her aunt.
3.Who might Mr.Peterson be?
A.A new professor.
B.A department head.
C.A company director.
4.What does the man think of the book?
A.Quite difficult.
B.Very interesting.
C.Too simple.
5.What are the speakers talking about?
A.Weather.　　 B.Clothes.　　　 C.News.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.Why is Harry unwilling to join the woman?
A.He has a pain in his knee.
B.He wants to watch TV.
C.He is too lazy.
7.What will the woman probably do next?
A.Stay at home.
B.Take Harry to hospital.
C.Do some exercise.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8.When will the man be home from work?
A.At 5:45.
B.At 6:15.
C.At 6:50.
9.Where will the speakers go?
A.The Green House Cinema.
B.The New State Cinema.
C.The UME Cinema.
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10.How will the speakers go to New York?
A.By air.
B.By taxi.
C.By bus.
11.Why are the speakers making the trip?
A.For business.
B.For shopping.
C.For holiday.
12.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Driver and passenger.
B.Husband and wife.
C.Fellow workers.
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13.Where does this conversation probably take place?
A.In a restaurant.
B.In an office.
C.In a classroom.
14.What does John do now?
A.He’s a trainer.
B.He’s a tour guide.
C.He’s a college student.
15.How much can a new person earn for the first year?
A.$10,500.
B.$12,000.
C.$15,000.
16.How many people will the woman hire?
A.Four. B.Three. C.Two.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17.How long has the speaker lived in a big city?
A.One year.
B.Ten years.
C.Eighteen years.
18.What is the speaker’s opinion on public transport?
A.It’s comfortable.
B.It’s time-saving.
C.It’s cheap.
19.What is good about living in a small town?
A.It’s safer.
B.It’s healthier.
C.It’s more convenient.
20.What kind of life does the speaker seem to like most?
A.Busy.
B.Colourful.
C.Quiet.
第二部分　阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge
Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!
The Cambridge Science Festival(CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.The challenge invites,even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.
Students are being dared to draw a picture,write an article,take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge,all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival,MIT Museum,265 Mass Avenue,Cambridge 02139 by Friday,February 8th.
Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday,April 21st.Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students.Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.
Between March 10th and March 15th,each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at:http://cambridgesciencefestival.org.
21.Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?
A.School students.　　　 B.Cambridge locals.
C.CSF winners. D.MIT artists.
22.When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?
A.On February 8th. B.On March 10th.
C.On March 15th. D.On April 21st.
23.What type of writing is this text?
A.An exhibition guide. B.An art show review.
C.An announcement. D.An official report.

B
Passenger pigeons(旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.
It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point,there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States,making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller,a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles(about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly,the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant,people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain,waited until pigeons had settled to feed,then threw large nets over them,taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.
By the closing decades of the 19th century,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood,which scattered(驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north,where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone,never to be seen again.
In 1897,the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons,but by then,no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County,Ohio,in 1900.For a time,a few birds survived under human care.The last of them,known affectionately as Martha,died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.
24.In the 18th and early 19th centuries,passenger pigeons 　　　. 
A.were the biggest bird in the world
B.lived mainly in the south of America
C.did great harm to the natural environment
D.were the largest bird population in the US
25.The underlined word“undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ 　　　. 
A.escape B.ruin
C.liberation D.evolution
26.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?
A.To seek pleasure. B.To save other birds.
C.To make money. D.To protect crops.
27.What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?
A.It was ignored by the public.
B.It was declared too late.
C.It was unfair.
D.It was strict.

C
A typical lion tamer(驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭) and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention,but it’s mostly for show.In reality,it’s the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face,the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided,the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options,the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.
How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have something you want to achieve(e.g.lose weight,start a business,travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?
This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could be improving.
It doesn’t have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face,remember this:All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go,something you want to accomplish,someone you want to become...take immediate action.If you’re clear about where you want to go,the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.
28.Why does the lion tamer use a chair?
A.To trick the lion.
B.To show off his skills.
C.To get ready for a fight.
D.To entertain the audience.
29.In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?
A.They feel puzzled over choices.
B.They hold on to the wrong things.
C.They find it hard to make changes.
D.They have to do something for show.
30.What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A.Tolerant. B.Doubtful.
C.Respectful. D.Supportive.
31.When the world is “waving a chair in your face”,you’re advised to 　　　. 
A.wait for a better chance
B.break your old habits
C.make a quick decision
D.ask for clear guidance

D
As more and more people speak the global languages of English,Chinese,Spanish,and Arabic,other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact,half of the 6,000—7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century,according to the United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization(UNESCO).
In an effort to prevent language loss,scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.
Mark Turin,a scientist at the Macmillan Center,Yale University,who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas,is following in that tradition.His recently published book,A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture,grows out of his experience living,working,and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin,who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India,Nepal,Bhutan,and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.
At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs,films,tape recordings,and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.
Now,through the two organizations that he has founded—the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents,found in libraries and stores around the world,available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet,Turin notes,the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.
32.Many scholars are making efforts to 　　　. 
A.promote global languages
B.rescue disappearing languages
C.search for language communities
D.set up language research organizations
33.What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Having full records of the languages.
B.Writing books on language teaching.
C.Telling stories about language users.
D.Living with the native speakers.
34.What is Turin’s book based on?
A.The cultural studies in India.
B.The documents available at Yale.
C.His language research in Bhutan.
D.His personal experience in Nepal.
35.Which of the following best describes Turin’s work?
A.Write,sell and donate.
B.Record,repair and reward.
C.Collect,protect and reconnect.
D.Design,experiment and report.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.　36　 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. 
1.Curiosity
Your children need to be deeply curious.　37　 Ask kids,“What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better?What could we try next time? 
2.Creativity
True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.　38　There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity. 
3.Interpersonal Skills
Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know what’s going on inside our own head,but what about others?Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.　39　 “Why do you think she’s crying?”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?”“If someone were to do that to you,how would you feel?” 
4.Self Expression
　40　 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas — music,acting,drawing,building,photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another. 
A.Encourage kids to cook with you.
B.And we can’t forget science education.
C.We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.
D.So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?
E.Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.
F.We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.
G.Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.
第三部分　英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节　完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a general rule,all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规) basis.As a matter of fact,we can see this 　41　 at work in people of all 　42　.For example,on Christmas morning,children are excited about 　43　 with their new toys.But their 　44　 soon wears off and by January those 　45　 toys can be found put away in the basement.The world is full of 　46　 stamp albums and unfinished models,each standing as a monument to someone’s 　47　 interest.When parents bring home a pet,their child 　48　 bathes it and brushes its fur.Within a short time,however,the 　49　 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents.Adolescents enter high school with great 　50　 but are soon looking forward to 　51　.The same is true of the young adults going to college.And then,how many 　52　,who now complain(抱怨) about the long drives to work,　53　 drove for hours at a time when they first 　54　 their driver’s licenses(执照)?Before people retire,they usually 　55　 to do a lot of 　56　 things,which they never had 　57　 to do while working.But 　58　 after retirement,the golfing,the fishing,the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 　59　.And,like the child in January,they go searching for new 　60　. 
41.A.principle B.habit
C.way D.power
42.A.parties B.races
C.countries D.ages
43.A.working B.living
C.playing D.going
44.A.confidence B.interest
C.anxiety D.sorrow
45.A.same B.extra
C.funny D.expensive
46.A.well-organized B.colorfully-printed
C.newly-collected D.half-filled
47.A.broad B.passing
C.different D.main
48.A.silently B.impatiently
C.gladly D.worriedly
49.A.promise B.burden
C.right D.game
50.A.courage B.calmness
C.confusion D.excitement
51.A.graduation B.independence
C.responsibility D.success
52.A.children B.students
C.adults D.retirees
53.A.carefully B.eagerly
C.nervously D.bravely
54.A.required B.obtained
C.noticed D.discovered
55.A.need B.learn
C.start D.plan
56.A.great B.strange
C.difficult D.correct
57.A.time B.money
C.skills D.knowledge
58.A.only B.well
C.even D.soon
59.A.lost B.chose
C.left D.quit
60.A.pets B.toys
C.friends D.colleagues
第Ⅱ卷
注意:将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
第三部分　英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio.It 　61　(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it 　62　(actual) caught fire and burned.Now,years later,this river is one of 　63　 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. 
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 　64　 even a few months.It took years of work 　65　(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 　66　(clean) than ever. 
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit 　67　 is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation,don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? 
While there are 　68　(amaze) stories of instant transformation,for most of us the 　69　(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be 　70　(patience). 
第四部分　写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节　短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Nearly five years before,and with the help by our father,my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden.Since then — for all these year — we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.As result,the plants are growing somewhere.The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
第二节　书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华,计划暑假期间去英国学习英语,为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意,请给该校写封信,询问有关情况(箭头所指内容)。

注意:1.词数100左右。
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
3.参考词汇:住宿—accommodation
 
 
 
 
 
 


阅读理解
A
【语篇导读】这是一篇通知。剑桥大学科技节将举办每年一度的第六届好奇心挑战大赛。这次挑战大赛主要邀请5—14岁的学生设计能展示他们的好奇心的作品或写作,并告知读者挑战大赛的要求和相关内容。
21.A　细节理解题。由第一段第二句“The challenge invites,even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to...”可知,学生(school students)可以参加这次好奇心挑战大赛。
22.D　细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday,April 21st.”可知颁奖仪式将于4月21日举行。
23.C　推理判断题。由整篇文章的内容可知,这是the Cambridge Science Festival(CSF)所下发的一个通知。
B
【语篇导读】本文介绍了美国的旅鸽从数量众多,逐渐减少直到灭绝的过程。
24.D　推理判断题。由第一段的第二句以及第二段可知,在18世纪以及19世纪早期,旅鸽是美国数量最多的鸟类。
25.B　词义猜测题。由第三段第一句开头的“Sadly”可知undoing表示一个“消极的,非人们所期望的”词义,故排除C项和D项;再由下一句可知旅鸽遭到人类的捕杀,故排除A项,选择B项。
26.C　推理判断题。由第三段第三句和第四句可知,旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是人们为了挣钱。
27.B　推理判断题。由最后一段的第一、二句可知,虽然密歇根州通过了禁止捕杀旅鸽的法律,但那时已经为时已晚。
C
【语篇导读】当面对拿着椅子的驯兽师时,狮子会把注意力同时注意到椅子的四条腿上,由于注意力分散了,所以狮子感到困惑,不知道下一步该怎么办。事实上,我们人类也是如此,面对诸多选择时会感到手足无措。因此,你一定要记住:把注意力集中到一件事情上。
28.A　推理判断题。由第一段可知,驯兽师拿着椅子的目的就是为了让狮子感到不知所措。由此推出答案是A项。
29.A　细节理解题。由第二段的最后“only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress”可知,人类和狮子的相似之处是:面临许多选择时会感到困惑。
30.B　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知,专家们对最佳选择争论不休,而那些想提高生活的人们对这些矛盾的信息困惑不解,作者对此感到心烦。由此可知,专家的做法无助于问题的解决,作者对他们持怀疑态度。
31.C　推理判断题。由第四段第二、三句可知,当你发现这个世界在你的面前挥舞着椅子时,你要做的事情就是把注意力集中在一件事情上,你需要的就是开始。故选C项。
D
【语篇导读】随着越来越多的人说世界通用语言:英语、汉语、西班牙语和阿拉伯语,其他的语言正在迅速消失。为了拯救这些正在消失的语言,许多组织和学者正在付出努力。
32.B　细节理解题。由第二段可知,许多组织和学者付出努力正是为了保持语言的多样性,即为了拯救那些正在消失的语言。
33.A　推理判断题。第三段中的that tradition应指上文提到的传统,本句的上文就是第二段中的“documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect”,即完全记录下正在消失的语言以及它们所反映的文化。故选A项。
34.D　细节理解题。由第三段最后一句中的“grows out of his experience living,working,and raising a family in a village in Nepal”可知,Mark Turin的书籍是以他自己在尼泊尔的经历为依据的。
35.C　推理判断题。由短文最后一段中的“were originally collected”“the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities”可推知,C项正确。
36~40 DACFG
完形填空
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。人们总是对经常做的事情感到厌倦,小孩子对待玩具如此,成年人对待工作和自己所做的事情也不例外。
41.A　第一句所提到的人们对经常做的事情会感到厌倦,这是一种法则,而不是一种习惯、方式或力量。principle意为“法则,原则”;habit意为“习惯”;way意为“方法”;power意为“力量”。
42.D　由下文提到的children,young adults,adults以及people retire可知,此处用ages表示“各个年龄段的人”。
43.C　由空后的with their new toys可知此处用playing表示“玩他们的新玩具”。
44.B　由下文“玩具被放在地下室”可知此处句意为“但是他们的兴趣很快就消失了”,故用interest。
45.A　此处的玩具指的是上一句中提到的their new toys,故用same表示“他们那些相同的玩具被放在了地下室”。
46.D　由空后的and unfinished models可推知此处应选择half-filled(装满一半的)与unfinished相呼应。
47.B　既然这些集邮只完成一半、模型没有完成,说明他们的这些兴趣爱好已经成为过去,故用passing表示“过去的兴趣爱好”。
48.C　由句意“当父母把一只宠物带回家时,他们的孩子会高兴地为它洗澡、梳理毛发”可知答案为gladly。
49.B　由空后的of caring for the animal可知,此处用burden表示“照顾宠物的担子落到了父母的肩上”。
50.D　由空后的转折词but可推知,当青少年刚进入中学时,是非常激动的,故用excitement。
51.A　此处用graduation表示“但是不久就盼着毕业了”。
52.C　由空后的the long drives to work可知,此处讲述的是成年人,故选C项。
53.B　由空前的complain和空后的drove for hours at a time可知此次应用eagerly表示“渴望一次开车几个小时”。
54.B　require意为“需要”;obtain意为“获得”;notice意为“注意到”;discover意为“发现”。此处用obtained表示“当他们最初获得驾照的时候”。
55.D　由空前的时间状语Before people retire可知,此处应用plan表示“在人们退休前应先做计划”。
56.A　既然是打算退休后做的事情,当然是很棒的事情。故用great。
57.A　由空后的while working可知,此处用time表示“当他们上班的时候没有时间做的事情”。
58.D　由空后的after可知此处用soon,表示“在退休后不久”。词组soon after意为“……后不久”。
59.C　由该句开头的retirement可知,此处用left表示“他们离开的工作”。
60.B　由空前的like the child in January可知,此次应选择toys与the child相呼应。
61.was　62.actually　63.the　64.or　65.to reduce　66.cleaner　67.that/which　68.amazing　69.changes　70.patient
短文改错
Nearly five years beforeago,and with the help byof our father,my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden.Since then — for all these yearyears — we hadhave been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.As∧a result,the plants are growing somewhereeverywhere.The fruits are small in size,but juicy and tastetasty.There are so muchmany that we often share them with our neighbors.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,but\或yet we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.We are growing wonderfullywonderful tomatoes at no cost!
书面表达
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.I’ve seen your ad,and I’d like to know something more about your six-week English course.First,when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week? Besides,I wish there would not be too many students in a class.I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.Would there be host family or university dormitory?
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua