考点7 介词和数词 制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练学案

制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练

考点7 介词和数词

    语法填空和短文改错对介词、介词短语经常考查，涉及的主要是固定搭配里的介词。在备考时，考生应掌握介词的基本用法、常用介词短语的含义以及动词短语的搭配。数词主要考查基数词和序数词的用法，在语法填空和短文改错中虽然考查频率不高，但备考时也不能忽视。

1. (2021年全国甲卷·62)It was built originally to protect the city _________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).

答案：in

解析：考查介词。 in the Tang dynasty 在唐朝。

2. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·64) Oranges: Orange trees are more _______ decoration;  they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.

答案：than

解析：考查介词。因more than为固定搭配, 其后接名词,  意为“不仅仅是”。句意为: 橘子树不仅仅是装饰; 它们是好运和财富的象征。

3. (2021年全国甲卷) One of the questions is: Who will you go in times of trouble?

答案：在go后加to

解析：考查介词。因go为不及物动词，不可直接接宾语，故在go后加to。

4. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.

答案：eighteenth

解析：考查序数词。根据句意，在我18岁生日后的暑假...，可知表达生日应用序数词eighteenth。

5. (2021年联考题) He is the _______ (five) person to ask me the same question.

答案：fifth

解析：考查序数词。根据句意，他是第五个问我相同问题的人，应用序数词fifth.

一、介词的用法

二、数词的用法

一、单句语法填空单句语法填空

1. (2021年全国乙卷·64) It was not widely accepted as a travel concept _________ the late 1980s.
2. (2021年全国乙卷·66)Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types _________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
3. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·67) Bamboo plants are associated _______ health, abundance and a happy home.
4. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·70) The artist was finally  humbled(谦卑) by the greatest

artist _____ Earth,  Mother Nature.

5. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·63) We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _____ dogs, seven to be exact.

6. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·67)I was searching ______ these three western lowland gorillas I’d …
7. (2017全国Ⅰ卷·61) This trend,  which was started by the medical community (医学界) ______a  method  of  fighting  heart disease, has had some unintended side effects…
8. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·62) The first underground passenger railway allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _______ work.
9. (2017全国Ⅲ卷·68) After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ______  engineering or architecture.
10. (2016全国Ⅰ卷·64) But my connection with pandas goes back _____ my days  on a TV show in the mid-1980s…
11. (2016全国Ⅱ卷·64) Most of us are more focused ______ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
12. (2016全国Ⅲ卷·70) In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _______ their hands.
13. (2015全国Ⅰ卷·66) For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away ____ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
14. (2021联考题) However, in the urban district of Beijing houses along hutongs still occupy one _______ (three) of the total area, providing housing for half of the population.
15. (2021联考题)What they learnt helped them make _____ first airplane flight in 1903.

二、单句短文改错

1.  (2021年全国乙卷) In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework.
2. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷) When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.
3. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷) I want my cafe to have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”.
4. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷) At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed.
5.  (2018年全国Ⅱ卷) Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.
6. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.
7. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) They have also bought for some gardening tools.
8. (2017全国Ⅲ卷) When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.
9. (2016全国Ⅰ卷) My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.
10. (2016全国Ⅲ卷) Now I am leaving home to college.
11. (2015全国I卷) Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.
12. (2015全国II卷) Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it very much.
13. (2014全国I卷) Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister

and I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garden.

14. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷) Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher very much.
15.  (2017全国Ⅰ卷) In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,  I took driving lessons.

一、单句语法填空

1. until。考查介词。句中考查了not...until...（直到……才……）句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代末，它才被广泛接受为一种旅游理念。

2. of考查介词。various types of是固定搭配，意思是“各种类型的”。

3. with考查介词。因be associated with…为固定搭配，意为“与……联系在一起”。句意为：竹子与健康、充裕和幸福的家庭联系在一起。

4. on考查介词。因on Earth意为 “世界上”，为固定短语。句意为: 这位画家终于在世界上最伟大的画家“大自然”的面前感到了谦卑。

5. of考查介词。因a pack of为固定搭配，意为“一群”，故填of。

6. for考查介词。因search for为固定搭配，意为“搜寻”。

7. as考查介词。表示“作为”一种方法。

8. from考查介词。因是固定搭配，表示“往返，来回”，to and from work意为“上下班”。

9. in考查介词。表示 “某方面的学位” 用介词in。如: take/ get a degree in law获得法律学位。

10. to考查介词。因go back to(追溯到)为固定搭配。

11. on考查介词。因be focused on (集中精力于)是固定搭配。

12. with考查介词。表示“用”应用介词with。

13. by考查介词。指乘车一个小时的路程。表示交通方式的 “乘; 坐” 用介词by。又如：by boat/bus/car/plane 乘船/公共汽车/小汽车/飞机，by air/land/sea 航空/陆路/航海。

14. third 考查序数词。根据句意，胡同占三分之一的面积...，表分数用序数词third。

15. the  考查序数词和冠词。根据句意，他们学习的东西帮助他们在1903年成功进行了第一次飞行，序数词前用定冠词the修饰。

二 、单句短文改错

1. doing前加from。考查固定搭配。固定搭配benefit...from doing sth.意为“从做某事中收获……”。
2. 在high school前加in/at 表示“在高中”应用in/at high school, 故在high school前加in/at。
3. 删掉like such as和like都可用来举例子，语义上重复了，故把as后的like去掉。
4. 删掉for  在today, yesterday, tomorrow, last Sunday, next month, this week, that year, every day, every two years之类的时间状语前，习惯上不用介词。
5. for→with 因play games with sb为固定搭配,  意为“和某人一起玩游戏”。
6. on→of根据固定短语in the middle of…“在……的中间”可知要把on改成of。
7. 删掉for  “买……东西”直接用bought，介词for是多余的。
8. 删掉of 由语境可知，“我”意识到时间飞逝。realize是及物动词，后面直接接宾语从句，of多余。
9. dream后加of或 about 因dream  of/about  doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“渴望、梦想做某事”。
10. to→for 因leave…for… (离开……去……)为固定搭配。
11. on→with表示“随着”用with。另外，with the development of (随着……的发展)可作为固定词组来记。
12. on→in根据常识，玩具应在橱窗里面，故用in。
13. by→with固定词组：with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下。
14. five→fifth表示“在几年级”的表达为“in the +序数词+ grade”，故把five改为fifth。
15. eighteen→eighteenth。表达几岁生日都是用序数词，因此应该eighteen改成eighteenth。