考点8 谓语动词 制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练学案

制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练

考点8 谓语动词

    谓语动词是历届高考中的重中之重，也是英语句子结构的核心。高考主要考查谓语动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。另外，情态动词的用法及虚拟语气也需要注意。未来高考仍以考查时态为主，但考查形式会结合语态和语气等形式，侧重考查在语境中正确灵活使用谓语动词的时态和语态的能力。

1. (2021年全国甲卷·61)It__________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).

答案：was built

解析：考查时态和语态。因主语it (The Xi’an City Wall) 与build是被动关系，故用被动语态；又由后文的the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，故填was built。

2. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·63)The artist was sure he would _____________ (choose), but when he presented  his  masterpiece to  the  emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.

答案：be chosen

解析：考查情态动词及被动语态。从句主语he和choose之间为被动关系, 且位于情态动词would后, 故填be chosen。

3. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·65) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ________________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.

答案：have reported

解析：考查动词的时态及主谓一致。由时间状语in recent years可知, 此处用现在完成时态, 故填have reported。

4. (2017全国Ⅰ卷·64) When fat and salt _____________(remove)  from food,  the food tastes as if it is missing something.

答案：are removed

解析：考查动词的时态语态及主谓一致。主语fat and salt 与remove是被动关系，要用被动语态；由主句谓语tastes可知，用一般现在时; 主语是两者, 为复数, 故填are removed。

5. (2014卷II·68) Then the driver stood up and asked, “_______anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”

答案：Did

解析：考查助动词引导的疑问句结构，由asked可知直接引语是一般疑问句；由“at the last stop(在上一个站点)”可知，谓语动词应用一般过去时，而lose是原形，故应填助动词Did，构成一般过去时的疑问式，注意句首首字母要大写。

6.  (2021年全国甲卷) One of the questions are: Who will you go to in times of trouble? Here are the results.

答案：are→ is

解析：考查主谓一致。由主语one of the questions (其中一个问题)可知，此处谓语动词应用单数形式is。

7. （2020·新课标I卷）I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.

答案：删除to

解析： 根据句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词，后接动词原形，to多余，故将to去掉。

8. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!”

答案：Turning→Turn

解析： 根据前面两个教练发出的指令可知，这三个属于并列结构，都是祈使句，用动词原形，所以将Turning改成Turn，跟前面的Speed up和Slow down并列。

一、动词的分类

二、谓语动词的时态

三、谓语动词的语态

四、主谓一致

五、虚拟语气

一、单句语法填空单句语法填空

1. (2021年全国甲卷·66)We __________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.
2. (2021年全国新高考1卷·61) You can’t help wondering how hard it          (be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
3. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·61)The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— ________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
4. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·67&68) “This  really  excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a  scientist at Brown University, says, “because it ________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ______________ (construct).”
5. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·62) This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _________ (carry) special significance.
6. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·66) When  he  asked the villagers  on the banks of the river where  he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _________ (point) down the river.
7. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·70) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
8. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·64) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene __________ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. Irene said…

9. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·66) Irene said,  “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___________(make) over the years.
10. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·65) Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
11. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·69) When they were free from work, they invited us… They also shared with us… On the last day of our week-long stay, we ___________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm…
12. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·64)  While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
13. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·61) Since 2011, the country ___________ (grow) more  corn than rice.  Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years.
14. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·68) The Chinese  Ministry of  Agriculture  finds that between 2005— when the government __________ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
15.  (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·69) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them  alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal  ________ (mean) me no real harm.

二、单句短文改错

1.   (2021年全国甲卷)Their answers also show that they dislike talking to others. They kept very much to themselves.
2.   (2021年全国乙卷)  I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.
3.   (2021年全国乙卷) Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship.
4.   （2020·新课标II卷）Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice.
5.   (2019年全国Ⅱ卷) One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
6.   (2019年全国Ⅲ卷) I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe.
7.   (2018年全国Ⅰ卷) During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.
8.   (2018年全国Ⅱ卷) Still I was unwilling to play the games with them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.
9.   (2018年全国Ⅲ卷) The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.
10. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether.
11. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) Besides, they often get some useful information from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!
12. (2017全国Ⅲ卷) I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.

一 、单句语法填空

1. hired 考查动词的时态。结合上下文的时态可知，此处用一般过去时。
2. was考查主谓一致。从句it是形式主语，代替真主语for the people then to put all those rocks into place，再根据时间状语then可知，空格需填was。
3. touched 考查动词的时态。由时间状语last week可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。
4. means; is constructed 考查时态语态和主谓一致。结合上文的excites及空后的have可知，应用一般现在时，且主语it为第三人称单数，故填means；从句主语the moon和construct之间为被动关系，且陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被动语态，the moon为单数概念，故填is constructed。
5. carries考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，本句包含why引导的表语从句，设空处为从句的谓语动词；且此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；从句的主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers, 谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填carries。
6. pointed考查动词的时态。设空处与and前的smiled并列, 叙述过去的事情, 应用一般过去时，故填pointed。
7. are考查动词的时态及主谓一致。根据空格前的are及空格后的is可知, 本句是一般现在时; 又由six可知要用复数, 故填are。
8. declared考查动词的时态。由后文的had和said 可知，本句应用一般过去时，故填declared。
9. have made考查动词的时态及主谓一致。由时间状语“over the years”可知，此处应用现在完成时态，故填have made。
10. recommended考查动词的时态。因and并列两个谓语动词，时态应保持一致，故填recommended。
11. were invited考查动词的时态语态及主谓一致。因主语we与动词invite之间是被动关系; 再结合文章时态可知, 应用一般过去时。主语是we, 故填were invited。
12. is考查动词的时态及主谓一致。此处在陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填is。
13. has grown考查动词的时态及主谓一致。由Since 2011可知用现在完成时，且主语country是单数名词，故用has grown。
14. started考查动词的时态。由2005可知，此处讲述的是2005年发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
15. meant考查动词的时态。由frightened和was可知，mean也用一般过去式，故填meant。

二、单句语法填空

1. kept→ keep  由上下文时态可知此处用一般现在时。

2. tidying→tidy句子的主语是I，连词and连接并列谓语，故tidying应改为tidy，与前面的water构成并列谓语。

3. 删除like前的are。此处表示“我的父母有更多的时间做他们喜欢的事情”，本句中的like是实义动词，意为“喜欢”，而be like（像）中的like是介词。故此处需删除like前的are。

4. start→started根据句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候，动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。

5. is→was上下文都是用一般过去时，这里也应改为一般过去时才一致，故把is改为was。

6. 因be to do sth为固定搭配, 意味“计划/打算做某事”, 故把 opens改为 open。

7. 由时间状语During my last winter holiday可知用一般过去时；由前后句中的went也可知，改为found后才前后时态一致。

8. 全文都是用一般过去时讲述，故所有谓语动词皆用一般过去时, 所以把are改成were。

9. 此处讲的是客观事实, 故用一般现在时; that指代learning作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。

10. 全文都是用一般过去时讲述，故所有谓语动词皆用一般过去时，所以把goes改成went。

11. came→comes整篇文章以一般现在时为主，when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。

12. had→have 由该句子的时间状语in the past few years可知，应用现在完成时，故改为have。