考点12 定语从句 制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练学案

制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练

考点12 定语从句 

   定语从句的考察都是历年高考的主要考点。 定语从句的考查主要集中在关系词的选择上，而对关系词的选择主要是依据定语从句所缺何种成分来判定。未来高考对于定语从句的出题方向依然是考查对关系词的选择

1. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·63) Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.

答案：where

解析：考查定语从句。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词spot，且引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导，故填where。

2. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·62) Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,  ________ she opened with her late husband Les.

答案：which

解析：考查定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句, 在从句中作opened的宾语，且先行词是shop，故用which。

3. (2017全国Ⅲ卷·64) But Sarah,  _____ has  taken  part in  shows  along  with  top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.

答案：who

解析：考查定语从句。因谓语动词是后面的wants，所以两个逗号之间是一个定语从句，先行词是人又在从句中作主语，故填who。

4. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷) In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.

答案：what→that/which

解析：在定语从句中作主语，先行词environment指物, 关系代词应用that或which, 故把what改为that/which。

5. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.

答案：that→which

解析：分析句子结构可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句。先行词为garden（花园），从句缺少主语，故填关系代词which。

一、单句语法填空

1. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·61) In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike.

2. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·61) While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence _______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.

3. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·64) They were well trained by their masters ____________ had great experience with caring for these animals.

4. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·66) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in  2014 _____________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.

5. (2018全国Ⅱ卷) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ___________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers...

6. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food…Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,  ________ is not good for the health.

7.(2016全国Ⅰ卷·65) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _______ I was the first Western TV reporter…

8. (2016全国Ⅲ卷)…the great Chinese scholar Confucius,  ______ lived from roughly 551 to

479 B.C. , influenced…

9. (2015全国Ⅰ卷) I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River  ___________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
10. (2014全国Ⅰ卷) Maybe you have a habit  ___________ is driving your family crazy.

二、单句改错

1. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷) They also had a small pond which they raised fish.

2. (2017全国Ⅲ卷) Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.

3.  (2016四川卷) I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in the kitchen. The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.

4. (2013全国Ⅱ卷) Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.

5. (2012全国大纲Ⅱ卷) Third, we should find ways to reuse the water used in washing, especially bath water, for which is quite a lot, and that will save much water.

一、单句语法填空

1. whose考查定语从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词artist，且在从句中作paintings的定语，两者之间是所属关系，应用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。

2. that考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处句子结构完整, 空格后为同位语从句, 解释说明evidence的内容, 故填that。

3.  that或who考查定语从句。引导定语从句，从句中缺主语，先行词为masters，故填that/who。

4. that或which考查定语从句。先行词是a study，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。

5. that或which考查定语从句。先行词是program，指物，定语从句中缺主语，用关系代词that或which。

6. which考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个主句的内容，即“脂肪和盐两者都可能吃得太多”，这对健康不利。在从句中作主语，用which。

7. when考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句，先行词是the mid-1980s，并在从句中作时间状语，故用when。

8. who考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius, 在从句中作主语，用who。

9. which或that先行词 考查定语从句。是tops and dark waters，并在从句中作主语，用which或that。

10. which或that先行词 考查定语从句。先行词是habit，并在从句中作主语，用which或that。

二、单句改错

1. which→where或在which前加in 因they raised fish主谓宾齐全，先行词是表示地点的a small pond(小池塘)，故用作地点状语的关系副词where，或者在which前加in，in which =and in the pond。

2. they→which或that分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词为things，指物，故用关系代词which或that。

3. what→which或that或删去what  先行词是the dishes，在从句中作cooked的宾语，用which或that，也可省略，也可或what删去。

4. that→which 引导非限制性定语从句不能用that。

5. 删去for  分析句子可知该句为定语从句，先行词是bath water，在从句中作主语，不用介词，故应删去for。