2022届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（十六）

2022届高考英语高频阅读词组+练习（十六）

一：词组梳理

1．in good time（=early）早早地（做完。到达等）

2．for good （=for ever） 永远地， 长期地

3．take…for granted （=assume to be true） 把…认为理所当然的。

4．be grateful to sbfor sth 因…感谢某人

5．come back  回来；恢复，复原

6．come down  倒下；降落；跌落；病倒

7．come from  来自，起源于，从~~产生，生于

8．come in  进来，进入；流行起来；获名次

9．(come into being  发生，产生，出现，形成)

10．(come into use  开始使用，获得应用)

11．on the ground（s） fo （=because of） 由于…

12．fall to the ground （计划。希望等）失败，落空

13．on one's guard（against） 谨防， 警惕 （be） on guard 站岗

14．guard against （=defend， keep safe）警惕，防止 guard…against 警卫…防止

15．guess at 猜， 估计

16．by guess 靠猜

17．be guilty of 犯有…罪或过失

18．be in the habit of 习惯于

19．break off （a habit） 改掉（某种习惯）

20．come on  上演；开始；赶快；发展；登台；(问题)被提出

21．come out出来，传出；出版；结果是；褪色；(秘密)泄露

22．come to  苏醒，复原；共计；达到；归结于(come to an end  终止，结束)

23．break sbof （a habit）使某人改掉（某习惯）

24．get （fall） into the habit of养成了…的习惯

25．come to a halt （=stop） 停止； 停住

26．at hand 在手边， 眼前（附近）

27．by hand 用手工（做）

28．(come true  实现，成为现实；证实)

29．come up  长出，发芽；升起；(被)提出

30．cut down 砍倒，减少

31．cut up 切碎

32．hand in glove（with） 狼狈为奸， 密切合作

33．in hand ）在手边 ）（=under control）控制住

34．cut in 插嘴

35．cut off 切除，断绝

36．cut out 删去，略去，戒除

37．in the hands of 由…掌握， 控制， 负责

38．live from hand to mouth勉强度日，现挣现吃

39．at the head of 在…的前头

40．head for （=move towards） 向…方向前进

41．hear of （=know about） 听人说起， 听说过

42．come about 产生，发生

43．come across  “偶遇”

44．come along  一道来，陪伴；进步，进展；出现

45．come at  达到，求得，得到；扑向，袭击

46．(come to know  开始了解到)

二：习题训练

（A）

 Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are compounds that are set to solve some tough challenges: producing water in the desert, removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely.

The Arizona desert is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration （脱水） within three days. Unless, that is, they had one of Omar Yaghi’s next-generation water harvesters. Although daytime humidity（湿度）is only about 10 per cent, this rises to 40 per cent at night, which means there’s enough water in the atmosphere to support life — if it can be transformed into liquid form.

That’s exactly what Yaghi’s device does. It’s a box about the size of a small microwave oven designed to suck the humidity from the air at night and turn it into drinking water the next day using only the heat of the sun as its power source. What makes it work is a special material called a metal-organic framework (MOF), which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules (分子) onto its surface of its internal pores（细孔）. Warm it up and the water is released, each harvest producing one-third of a cup of pure drinking water.

―With further improvements, a device, the size of a washing machine, could produce enough water for the basic needs of a household,‖ says Yaghi, a chemist at the University of California. One-third of the world’s population lacks safe drinking water; for them such a device could be a lifesaver.

These crystalline cluster（结晶群）of metals, such as aluminum or magnesium, linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surface. In this way, MOFs cling to a variety of liquids and gases.

MOFs work thanks to their unique structure---large quantities of nanometer-sized internal spaces. In fact one MOF has so many pores that they would cover an area as large as six football fields. MOFs are also extremely stable light and have many different uses: their molecular structure can be varied to attract specific molecules, such as water, and their pores can be designed to best store them. Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to release what it is holding. More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced to date for various applications.

1．Why is the Arizona desert mentioned in the second paragraph?

A．To introduce water harvesters.

B．To stress the importance of water.

C．To express the urgent need for water there.

D．To show its serious condition.

2．What plays a vital role in water harvesters?

A．solar energy. B．water molecules.

C．a small microwave oven D．metal-organic frameworks.

3．What does the underlined phrase "cling to" in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A．hold onto B．break down

C．give off D．turn into

4．What will probably be covered in the following paragraphs?

A．The future of the MOF technology.

B．Other uses of the MOF technology.

C．The limitation of the MOF technology.

D．The improvement of the MOF technology.

 （B）

In any major Indian city, people are seen with an arm outstretched, mobile phone in hand, 1．     (smile) widely and clicking away. Even Prime Minister Narendra Modi is said 2     ． (love) the selfie (自拍), posting pictures online that he has taken with 3  ． (variety) world leaders.

But the pursuit of selfie can sometimes have deadly consequences. India is home to 4．    highest number of people who have died while taking photos of 5．    (they), with 19 of the world’s 49 recorded selfie-linked deaths since 2014.

6    (early) this month, an 18-year-old college student on a class picnic lost his balance while taking a selfie on top of a rock near a dam. He fell into the water and drowned, along with a classmate 7．    jumped in to save him.

Since then, the Indian government 8．     (declare) 16 no-selfie zones across Mumbai, warning people9．    taking unnecessary risks. Police have declared “no selfie” in areas considered to be10．     (risk)—particularly along the coastline in spots with no railings or fences. Anyone coming into “no selfie” areas even if they take no photos, will risk a fine of 1,200 rupees ($17.50).

答案及解析

A

【答案】1．A2．D3．A4．B

【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了金属有机骨架(MOFs)的用途，结构和性能。

1．推理判断题。由第二段“The Arizona desert is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration （脱水） within three days. Unless, that is, they had one of Omar Yaghi’s next-generation water harvesters.”可知，亚利桑那沙漠非常干燥。任何没有水的人都会在三天内死于脱水。除非他们有奥马尔·亚吉的下一代水收集器。所以奥马尔·亚吉的下一代水收集器可以解决沙漠中缺水的问题。故判断出第二段提到亚利桑那沙漠是为了介绍水收集器。故A选项正确

2．细节理解题。由第三段“What makes it work is a special material called a metal-organic framework (MOF)...”可知，使它工作是一种称为有机框架(MOF)的特殊的材料。所以金属有机框架在水收集器中起着至关重要的作用。故D选项正确。

3．词义猜测题。由第五段“These crystalline cluster（结晶群）of metals, such as aluminum or magnesium, linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surface. In this way, MOFs cling to a variety of liquids and gases.”可知，这些由有机分子连接的金属结晶簇，例如铝或镁，可制成具有极高吸收能力的材料，将特定分子吸到其表面。MOF就是通过这种方式紧紧吸附各种液体和气体。 所以第5段中下划线的"cling to"可能是 hold onto“紧紧抓住”的意思。故A选项正确。

4．推理判断题。由最后段“... their molecular structure can be varied to attract specific molecules, such as water, and their pores can be designed to best store them. Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to release what it is holding. More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced to date for various applications.”可知，它们的分子解剖结构可以变化以吸附特定的分子，比如水分子，它们的孔可以设计成储存水的最佳形态。增加少量的热量或压力会使MOF释放它所持有的东西。迄今为止，已有七万多种不同的MOF被生产用于各类实际应用中。所以我们通过短文最后段的内容可以判断出，接下来的段落可能会涉及MOF科技的其它用途。故B选项正确。

B

【解析】这是一篇说明文。因为很多游客喜欢在印度自拍，导致印度成为自拍死亡人数最多的国家。为了阻止这一情况的恶化，印度政府采取了一些相关措施，例如设立标志牌和罚款。

1．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语people和smile之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填smiling。

2．考查不定式。分析句子可知，此处考查固定用法“主语 + be said/ thought/ believed…to do sth.”，故填to love。

3．考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应用variety的形容词various“各种各样的”修饰名词leaders，故填various。

4．考查定冠词。由highest可知此处应填定冠词，表示最高级，故填the。

5．考查代词。句意：印度是因自拍照死亡数字最高的地方。根据句意可知，此处意为“自拍”即给自己拍照，故应用反身代词指代上文提到的people，故填themselves。

6．考查比较级。句意：本月早些时候，一个18岁的大学生班级野餐时，站在一个大坝附近的岩石上自拍失去了平衡。根据句意可知，此处意为“本月早些时候”，应用early的比较级earlier，故填Earlier。

7．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a classmate，关系词代替先行词，在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代词that/who，故填that/ who。

8．考查时态。分析句子可知，设空处是句子谓语动词，根据上文的since then判断为现在完成时，主语the Indian government是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填has declared。

9．考查短语。此处是短语warn sb. against doing sth.“警告某人不要做某事”，故填against。

10．考查形容词。设空处应填形容词作为表语，故填risky。