2021届高考英语复习之真题阅读词块与阅读练习（六十七）学案

这是一份2021届高考英语复习之真题阅读词块与阅读练习（六十七）学案，共13页。
一：真题试做
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, surrunded by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smartphnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.
What’s the prblem? It’s pssible that we all have cmprmised cnversatinal intelligence. It’s mre likely that nne f us start a cnversatin because it’s awkward and challenging, r we think it’s annying and unnecessary. But the next time yu find yurself amng strangers, cnsider that small talk is wrth the truble. Experts say it’s an invaluable scial practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimprtant is easy, but we can’t frget that deep relatinships wuldn’t
even exist if it weren’t fr casual cnversatin. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) fr scial cmmunicatin, says Bernard Carducci, directr f the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Sutheast. ＂Almst every great lve stry and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key t successful small talk is learning hw t cnnect with thers, nt just cmmunicate with them.＂
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, assciate prfessr f psychlgy at UBC, invited peple n their way int a cffee shp. One grup was asked t seek ut an interactin(互动) with its waiter; the ther, t speak nly when necessary. The results shwed that thse wh chatted with their server reprted significantly higher psitive feelings and a better cffee shp experience. ＂It’s nt that talking t the waiter is better than talking t yur husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactins with peripheral(边缘的) members f ur scial netwrk matter fr ur well-being als.＂
Dunn believes that peple wh reach ut t strangers feel a significantly greater sense f belnging, a bnd with thers. Carducci believes develping such a sense f belnging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis f gd manners,＂ he says.
1. What phenmenn is described in the first paragraph?
A. Addictin t smartphnes.
B. Inapprpriate behaviurs in public places.
C. Absence f cmmunicatin between strangers.
D. Impatience with slw service.
2. What is imprtant fr successful small talk accrding t Carducci?
A. Shwing gd manners.B. Relating t ther peple.
C. Fcusing n a tpic.D. Making business deals.
3. What des the cffee-shp study suggest abut small talk?
A. It imprves family relatinships.B. It raises peple’s cnfidence.
C. It matters as much as a frmal talk.D. It makes peple feel gd.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Cnversatin CuntsB. Ways f Making Small Talk
C. Benefits f Small Talk D. Uncmfrtable Silence
参考答案：CBDC
二：词块梳理
1：lift
英[lɪft] 美[lɪft]
v. 提；移动；抬起；撤销；情绪高涨；消散；偷窃；空运；挖出；提高
n. 鼓舞；电梯；搭便车；提高；心情较好；上升；升力
变形
过去分词：lifted
现在分词：lifting
过去式：lifted
复数：lifts
第三人称单数：lifts
双语例句
1.Please give me a lift nt the saddle.
请扶我上马鞍.
2.It's bvius that a man isn't strng enugh t lift an elephant.
很明显,一个人是不能举起大象的.
3.With ne great lift, the men mved the rck.
那些人猛一抬把那块石头搬动了.
2：surrund
英[səˈraʊnd] 美[səˈraʊnd]
v. 围绕；包围；与…密切相关；喜欢结交
n. 边饰；环境
变形
过去分词：surrunded
现在分词：surrunding
过去式：surrunded
复数：surrunds
第三人称单数：surrunds
双语例句
1.These trpical rain frests surrund the famed La Selva Bilgical Statin, a center fr eclgical research.
这些热带雨林围绕有名的famedLaSelva生物站, 一个研究生态学的中心.
2.The natinal guard have surrund the presidential palace.
国民卫队包围了总统府.
3.A myriad f stars surrund the mn.
众星拱月.
3：struggle
英[ˈstrʌɡl] 美[ˈstrʌɡl]
v. 奋斗；艰难行进；斗争；辩论
n. 搏斗；难事
变形
过去分词：struggled
现在分词：struggling
过去式：struggled
复数：struggles
第三人称单数：struggles
双语例句
1.They refused t be enslaved and rse in struggle.
他们不甘心受奴役而起来斗争了.
2.D nt be rather unsphisticated in the cmplicated plitical struggle.
在错综复杂的政治斗争中不要太天真了!
3.The struggle will g n and n.
战斗正未有穷期.
4：silence
英[ˈsaɪləns] 美[ˈsaɪləns]
n. 寂静；缄口不言；无音信
v. 使安静；压制
变形
过去分词：silenced
现在分词：silencing
过去式：silenced
第三人称单数：silences
双语例句
1.Nw and then a bird's sng brke in upn the silence f the wd.
鸟鸣声不时打破林中的寂静.
2.Prfund silence prevailed n the pen cuntryside.
四野茫茫,寂静无声.
3.Frgive me fr my lng silence.
请原谅我好久没给你写信.
5：cmprmise
英[ˈkɒmprəmaɪz] 美[ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz]
n. 折中；妥协方案；达成协议
v. 妥协；违背；使陷入危险
变形
过去分词：cmprmised
现在分词：cmprmising
过去式：cmprmised
复数：cmprmises
第三人称单数：cmprmises
双语例句
1.I wuld rather die than cmprmise.
我宁死不妥协.
2.The spkesman made it evident that n cmprmise was yet in sight.
发言人表示,目前还不会妥协.
3.There is n rm fr cmprmise n this matter.
在这个问题上没有调和的余地.
6：awkward
英[ˈɔːkwəd] 美[ˈɔːkwərd]
adj. 使人尴尬的；棘手的；难使用的；不方便的；危险的；难携带的；笨拙的；别扭的；害羞的；不可理喻的；难相处的
变形
副词：awkwardly
名词：awkwardness
双语例句
1.We dn't want that awkward man n the cmmittee; d what yu can t fence him ut.
我们不愿那笨蛋加入委员会; 你要尽力阻止他.
2.I was the nly man amng the guests and felt rather awkward.
作为客人中的唯一男性,我有些窘迫.
3.She handled the awkward situatin with her usual quiet diplmacy.
她以惯常的不喜张扬的策略应付了尴尬的局面.
7：challenging
英[ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ] 美[ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ]
adj. 艰巨的；有挑战性的；挑起争议的；不赞同的；挑衅的
双语例句
1.It is well knwn that perating a prcess under unstable cnditins is a challenging cntrl prblem.
众所周知,将程序操作在不稳定点的条件上是很具挑战性的控制问题.
2.Althugh autmatic text translatrs are nw reasnably effective, vice recgnitin has prved mre challenging.
尽管自动文本语言翻译目前相当有效, 语音识别还是十分具有挑战性的.
3.Few shts are as challenging as the lw vlley.
很少有一种击球比低位截击更具挑战性.
8：anny
英[əˈnɔɪ] 美[əˈnɔɪ]
v. 使生气；惹恼
变形
过去分词：annyed
现在分词：annying
过去式：annyed
第三人称单数：annys
双语例句
1.They infiltrated behind the lines s as t anny the emery replacements.
他们渗透敌后以便骚扰敌军的调度.
2.Get away ! Yu anny me.
滚开! 去你的!
3.He just wants t talk with her, but nt t anny her.
他只不过是想和她说说话, 不是想惹她生气.
9：cnsider
英[kənˈsɪdə(r)] 美[kənˈsɪdər]
v. 认为，考虑；体谅，顾及；端详
变形
过去分词：cnsidered
现在分词：cnsidering
过去式：cnsidered
第三人称单数：cnsiders
双语例句
1.D yu cnsider cntributins t the village funds a duty r a pleasure?
你把款捐给村庄作为基金,看作是义务还是乐事?
2.Once yu have eliminated the bvius causes f death, yu must cnsider the pssibility f ful play.
一旦排除了明显的死因, 你就必须考虑到可能有人采取了卑劣手段.
3.When yu becme used t never is alne, yu may cnsider yurself americanize.
当你习惯了决不一个人独处之后, 就可以认为你本人已经美(国)化了.
10：benefit
英[ˈbenɪfɪt] 美[ˈbenɪfɪt]
n. 好处；优势；福利费；保险金；慈善活动
v. 获益
变形
过去分词：benefited；benefitted
现在分词：benefitting；benefiting
过去式：benefitted；benefited
复数：benefits
第三人称单数：benefits
双语例句
1.Mderate exercise will benefit yu.
适当的锻炼对你有好处.
2.We benefit by [ frm ] daily exercises.
每天做操对我们有益.
3.The benefit which the reservir brings t the villagers is nt limited t agriculture.
这水库给村民们带来的好处不止是在农业方面.
11：casual
英[ˈkæʒuəl] 美[ˈkæʒuəl]
adj. 漫不经心的，马虎的；随便的；偶然的；临时的；（服装）便装的；短期的；感情不深的
n. 便装；临时工
变形
副词：casually
比较级：mre casual
最高级：mst casual
名词：casualness
复数：casuals
双语例句
1.Yung peple tday lean twards casual clthes.
现在的年轻人倾向于穿休闲装.
2.We are nly casual acquaintances.
我们只是泛泛之交.
3.He earns a living by casual labur.
他靠做临时工为生.
12：successful
英[səkˈsesfl] 美[səkˈsesfl]
adj. 成功的
变形
副词：successfully
比较级：mre successful
最高级：mst successful
双语例句
1.The railway system was mdeled n the successful plan used in ther cuntries.
这个铁路网是仿效他国行之有效的方案铺设的.
2.The ancient peple wh was successful, nt nly had exceptinal talent but als had unflinching will.
古人立大事者, 不惟有超世之才,亦必有望忍不拔之志.
3.The successful physicist never puts n airs.
这位卓有成就的物理学家从不搭架子.
13：assciate
英[əˈsəʊsieɪt , əˈsəʊʃieɪt] 美[əˈsʊsieɪt , əˈsəʊʃieɪt]
v. 联想，联系；使与（某个组织、事业或观点）有关系；公开支持；与…交往
变形
过去分词：assciated
现在分词：assciating
过去式：assciated
复数：assciates
第三人称单数：assciates
双语例句
1.Many f them are assistant r assciate prfessrs r adjunct prfessrs.
其中许多是主力教授、兼职教授或副教授.
2.Yu will cmprmise yur gd name if yu assciate with these peple.
你如果与这些人交往就会损害你的好名声.
3.Assciate with text line the number f bytes f HTML required t describe it.
以行或段的形式保存解析输出的文本.
14：assciate
英[əˈsəʊsieɪt , əˈsəʊʃieɪt] 美[əˈsʊsieɪt , əˈsəʊʃieɪt]
v. 联想，联系；使与（某个组织、事业或观点）有关系；公开支持；与…交往
变形
过去分词：assciated
现在分词：assciating
过去式：assciated
复数：assciates
第三人称单数：assciates
双语例句
1.Many f them are assistant r assciate prfessrs r adjunct prfessrs.
其中许多是主力教授、兼职教授或副教授.
2.Yu will cmprmise yur gd name if yu assciate with these peple.
你如果与这些人交往就会损害你的好名声.
3.Assciate with text line the number f bytes f HTML required t describe it.
以行或段的形式保存解析输出的文本.
15：peripheral
英[pəˈrɪfərəl] 美[pəˈrɪfərəl]
adj. 外围的；次要的；（神经）末梢区域的
n. 外部设备
变形
副词：peripherally
复数：peripherals
双语例句
1.There was gd wits, incisive but always peripheral infrmatin.
宴会上有时妙语连珠,谈吐锋利而所论却总不免是些毛皮小事.
2.Thus , thugh the marrw is quite cellular, there can be peripheral cytpenias.
虽然骨髓有非常多的细胞, 但外周血细胞减少.
3.Objective T evaluate the clinical effect f percutaneus electrical stimulatin t accelerate peripheral nerve regeneratin.
目的观察电刺激对臂丛神经、桡神经损伤是否具有促进神经再生的作用.
16：significant
英[sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt] 美[sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt]
adj. 重要的；显著的；意味深长的
双语例句
1.Penicillin was an extremely significant medical discvery.
青霉素是极其重要的医学发现.
2.I haven't nticed any significant reductin in the perfrmance f my car since switching t unleaded fuel.
用无铅汽油后,我发现汽车性能并没有明显降低.
3.Sme f the mst significant issues were neglected.
最重要的问题中,有些被忽略了.
三：阅读训练
The plice recently caught the suspected Glden State Killer using a tl they culd nly have dreamed f decades ag,when a shcking series f murders shk Califrnia: a database filled with peple’s genetic data(基因数据).
The plice used an pen-surce database called GEDmatch t find relatives wh matched the genetic material taken frm an ld crime scene, then wrked backward t identify and catch 72-year-ld frmer plice fficer Jseph James DeAngel.
GEDmatch’s 950,000 users vluntarily upladed and shared their genetic infrmatin, making it accessible t thers wh share their wn data—including law enfrcement agencies(执法机关). Mre than a dzen ther similar platfrms als exist. “If yur relatives have cntributed and yu are part f even a family tree that appears nline in ne f these shared resurces, yu can be indirectly tracked thrugh the cmbinatin f their DNA and the publicly available family histry,” says Dr. Rbert Green, a medical geneticist at Harvard Medical Schl.
Data sent t cmmercial cmpanies like 23andMe, which has ver 5 millin custmers, is much tugher fr utsiders t access, but the case has still highlighted the issue f genetic privacy.
Althugh many genetic-testing cmpanies have been asked t cperate in legal investigatins(调查), and clearly warn custmers f this pssibility, nt all requests are hnred. “23andMe has never given custmer infrmatin t law enfrcement fficers,” a cmpany representative tld TIME.
The risks f keeping such sensitive data private are high. The ptential fr abuse exists;fr example, insurance cmpanies culd theretically use genetic data t refuse cverage(保险范围), Green says. But the systems in place t prevent misuse appear t be wrking. One is the Genetic Infrmatin Nndiscriminatin Act, a 2008 law that prtects cnsumers frm emplyment and insurance discriminatin related t genetics. As lng as that’s the case, Green says, the gd f genetic tests utweighs the bad.
Sharn Zehe, a lawyer fr the department f labratry medicine and pathlgy at the May Clinic, takes a mre cautius apprach. “Family tree services can be fun, but make sure yu are using a reputable rganizatin that has strng privacy plicies in place,” she says. “Genetic data is bilgically as imprtant as a fingerprint.”
1.Wh is the Glden State Killer?
A.Rbert Green.
B.Jseph James DeAngel.
C.The authr.
D.Sharn Zehe.
2.What drve the users t uplad their genetic data?
A.The plice’s frce.
B.Their relatives’ advice.
C.The bss’s rder.
D.Their wn willingness.
3.Wh might misuse custmers’ genetic data?
A.The plice.B.GEDmatch.
C.Insurance cmpanies.D.23andMe.
4.What is the main idea f the text?
A.Genetic data is equal t a fingerprint.
B.A 72-year-ld killer was put int prisn.
C.Murders cause cncern fr genetic privacy.
D.Genetic infrmatin is shared n the Internet.
答案
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 72-year-ld frmer plice fficer Jseph James DeAngel.可知选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的GEDmatch’s 950,000 users vluntarily upladed and shared their genetic infrmatin, making it accessible t thers wh share their wn data可知,GEDmatch的950,000名用户自愿上传和共享他们的基因信息,使共享自己数据的其他人可以访问这些信息。其中vluntarily是关键词,故选D项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句The ptential fr abuse exists;fr example, insurance cmpanies culd theretically use genetic data t refuse cverage可知,保险公司理论上可以使用基因数据库来拒绝保险范围。故选C项。
4.C 主旨大意题。本文以美国警方利用基因数据库抓到犯罪嫌疑犯为例,说明基因数据库的重要性以及由此所面临的担忧的情况。故选C项。
目录
内容
第一部分
高考真题试做
第二部分
真题词块解析
第三部分
模拟题训练