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冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解
第四模块：新闻报道类
Passage 1．（2021•山东模拟）
Diners don't typically get to see how restaurant kitchens are run. But if they did， most would be shocked by the amount of perfectly good food is thrown away every single day.
After spending his career as a chef and working as the Vice President of Food and Beverage at FireKeepers Casino Hotel in Battle Creek， Michigan， Michael McFarlen saw how much food would get thrown away from the Casino's restaurant every day.
McFarlen later became the president on the board of the South Central Food Bank of Michigan Inc. And got to see just how big of a need there was for food among people in the community. After that，he knew he had to do more to take action to help his community and reduce his food waste.
After some thinking，McFarlen came up with a plan. In April of 2016，he bought Fire Station No.4，a historic firehouse that had been closed for years，decorated it again and turned the fire station into to a food pantry（公益食品仓库） in the community to help people struggling to secure their next meal.
According to McFarlen，about 375 to 400 households in total，get help from the food pantry every single month. When you think of people getting help， you think of homeless or unemployed people. In reality，however，many of the people who have needed the food pantry's help are people that are employed but still struggle to afford to pay for groceries.
The entire project works thanks to the revenue（收入）generated from the FireKeepers Casino hotel as well as a ＄140 000 donation that comes from society every year to help operate the food pantry. On top of helping run the Kendall Street Food Pantry，profits are also given to nonprofits like the Safe Place and the Food Bank of South Central Michigan Inc. McFarlen said，"As we get more and more involved，we will give to many other charities and nonprofits."
（1）Why did McFarlen decide to take action？
A. His position as the president empowered him.
B. He was shocked at how restaurant kitchens worked.
C. His restaurant throws away too many materials every day.
D. He was concerned about food waste and community's need.
（2）What may surprise you among the people getting help？
A. Some people on a fixed income also seek help.
B. Employed workers can't afford to pay for groceries.
C. So many homeless people struggled to make ends meet.
D. The food pantry benefits homeless and unemployed people.
（3）What can we learn from the last paragraph？
A. McFarlen runs the food pantry alone. B. The community donates to the food pantry.
C. Great profits are made from the food pantry. D. McFarlen's charity contributes a lot to nonprofits.
（4）In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？
A. Food. B. Health. C. Society. D. Education.
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；新闻报道阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。厨师Michael McFarlen在发现餐厅的食物浪费问题严重而社区里又有很多食不果腹的人们时，他通过与餐厅共同努力，建立了公益食品仓库来帮助那些有需要的人并获得了显著的成效。
【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Michael MeFarlen saw how much food would get thrown away from the Casino's restaurant every day（迈克尔•梅法伦（Michael MeFarlen）看到赌场餐厅每天会扔掉多少食物）及第三段中的see just how big of a need there was for food among people in the community. After that，he knew he had to do more to take action（看看社区里人们对食物的需求有多大。在那之后，他知道他必须采取更多的行动）可知，在看到餐厅的食物被浪费而社区里还有很多人缺少食物后，Michael MeFarlen决定采取行动。故选D.
（2）A.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句In reality，however，many of the people who have needed the food pantry's help are people that are employed but still struggle to afford to pay for groceries.（然而，在现实中，许多需要食品储藏室帮助的人是有工作但仍难以支付食品杂货费的人。）可知，令人感到吃惊的是，在那些需要帮助的人中，还有一些有工作的人也在寻求帮助。故选A.
（3）D.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的As we get more and more involved，we will give to many other charities and nonprofits（随着我们越来越多地参与进来，我们将向许多其他慈善机构和非营利组织捐款）可知，McFarlen的项目帮助了许多非营利组织。故选D.
（4）C.文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Michael McFarlen及其所在的酒店通过建立公益食品仓库来帮助社区的人们解决食物短缺问题，同时避免了食物的浪费问题。由此可推知，本文可能出现在报纸的社会版。A. Food食物；B. Health健康；Society社会；D. Education教育。故选C.
Passage 2．（2021•山东模拟）
Higher education enrolment is predicted to steadily decline through to 2027 due to the shrinking size of college﹣aged population in the United States.Universities have done with the consistently growing high school graduates over the last few decades. But this growth is slowing significantly， drying up the potential for tuition revenue （收入） that institutions so desperately rely on.
Figures from the National Center for Education Statistics show the number of high school graduates will rise just 0.2 percent in the next nine years，compared to 6 percent during the previous nine years. Freshman applications to the University of California system in 2019 dipped for the first time in 15 years. Other major institutions，like Michigan State University，are also seeing declines.
As colleges brace for tough times ahead， the promise of a potential savior（救世主） in the form of online education is obviously a welcome one. It offers institutions the opportunity to diversify and step back from their reliance on on﹣campus tuition revenue. It means they are more dynamic with the course content and can meet the needs of an ever﹣shifting workplace.
To ensure they are giving students and employers what they are looking for，universities are incorporating competency﹣based learning curriculum（总课程） in their online offerings and short courses. Many are developed in cooperation with business to ensure they meet their needs. These online offerings are proving incredibly popular and colleges are expending resources to meet the demand. According to Wiley Education Services，over 600 universities planned to adopt competency﹣based learning degree programs in 2018， up from 50 in 2014. This hike in demand for online learning has furthered some colleges to reach for partners in the field， enlisting online programme managers（OPMS） to bring their courses to market.
This cooperation between higher education and OPMS enables colleges to offer a wider range of services，attracting students that perhaps otherwise would not consider attending university.
（1）What kind of problem are some universities in the US faced with？
A. The number of freshmen is gradually decreasing.
B. Higher tuition leads to less high education enrolment.
C. High school graduates prefer working to going to university.
D. High school graduates refuse to apply for universities in the US.
（2）What does the underlined phrase "brace for" in Para. 3 probably mean？
A. Struggle for. B. Compete for. C. Prepare for. D. Long for.
（3）What's the main idea of the fourth paragraph？
A. Online offerings are more popular among students.
B. Universities are often in collaboration with business.
C. Universities start online courses to attract more learners.
D. University online courses usually offer learners what they need.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A. None of high school graduates likes online service.
B. Not all high school graduates will choose to attend university.
C. OPMS offers job opportunities for every high school graduate.
D. OPMS will offer job opportunities to cooperation with universities.
【考点】新闻报道类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了应对大学新生减少的情况，美国大学所采取的措施。
【解答】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Higher education enrolment is predicted to steadily decline through to 2027 due to the shrinking size of college﹣aged population in the United States.由于美国大学适龄人口规模不断缩小，预计到2027年，高等教育入学率将稳步下降。可知，美国大学目前正面临着入学新生日渐减少的问题。故选A。
（2）C.词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的" the promise of a potential savior（救世主） in the form of online education is obviously a welcome one"一个潜在的救世主（在线教育）的承诺，在线教育的形式显然是一个受欢迎的。及下文内容可知，在线教育这一潜在的救世主显然是受欢迎的。它为大学提供了多样化的机会.使它们不再依赖于校内学费收人。由此可推知，这些都是各所大学为自己未来的艰难时期做准备的措施，因此brace for 应意为"为…做准备"，与C项意思相近。A. Struggle for.为…而奋斗；B. Compete for.为…竞争；C. Prepare for.为…准备；D. Long for.渴望。故选C。
（3）D.段落大意题。根据第四段内容To ensure they are giving students and employers what they are looking for，universities are incorporating competency﹣based learning curriculum（总课程） in their online offerings and short courses.为了确保给学生和雇主提供他们想要的东西，大学正在把基于能力的学习课程纳入在线课程和短期课程中。 可知，本段主要讲述了大学网络课程通常可以为学习者提供他们所需要的东西。故选D。
（4）B.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 This cooperation between higher education and OPMS enables colleges to offer a wider range of services，attracting students that perhaps otherwise would not consider attending university.高等教育和OPMS之间的这种合作使学院能够提供更广泛的服务，吸引那些可能不会考虑上大学的学生。所以这种合作吸引了那些可能本来不会考虑上大学的人。由此可推知，并不是所有的高中毕业生都会选择上：大学。故选B.
Passage 3．（2021•山东模拟）
Deer have become especially troublesome to Japan's rail system in certain parts of the country. Many are likely just trying to move around their habitat in search of food or mates， but they are also reportedly attracted to the lines due to a need for iron in their diets，tonguing up small iron pieces left behind by train wheels on the tracks， thus leaving deer collisions on the rise for many of Japan's mountainous rail lines.
People have tried a variety of ways to rid railways of deer， from setting up physical barriers to providing alternative iron sources but in vain. Recently， however， two new tactics have raised hopes for reducing deer collisions.
Yuji Hikita， an employee at Kintetsu Railway Co.，watched a heartbreaking scene in 2015. A family of deer entered the tracks at night， and one of three baby deer was struck and killed by a train. A parent deer stared down at the fallen baby for 40 minutes， according to the Asahi Shimbun newspaper.
After seeing that， Hikita thought hard for ways to stop it from happening so often."Despite all our efforts to shut out deer， they still enter the tracks，" he thought at the time，"Why don't we have crossings for deer？" Two years later， his idea won a 2017 Good Design Award from the Japan Institute of Design Promotion.
Now three of these crossings have been set up on the Osaka Line in a mountainous area of Tsu，the capital of Mie Prefecture. That section of track suffered 17 deer collisions in 2015，but only one has been reported there since the deer crossings were in place more than a year ago. It's also noted that deer crossings on a different stretch of the same line in Nara Prefecture， where deer accidents fell from 13 in 2016 to two within eight months. "This is an excellent example of how railway companies can handle the deer﹣train collision problem from the deer's perspective，" a judge for the Good Design Award said in 2017.
（1）What attracts deer to railway tracks？
A. Habitat loss. B. Iron sources. C. Deer crossings. D. Strange noises.
（2）Which of the following words best describes Yuji Hikita？
A. Honest and responsible. B. Ambitious and sensitive.
C. Intelligent and kind﹣hearted. D. Innocent and single﹣minded.
（3）How is the effect of Deer crossings presented？
A. By process. B. By definition. C. By comparison. D. By classification.
（4）What might be discussed in the paragraphs following the last one？
A. The rebuilding of local wildlife. B. The application of deer crossings.
C. The causes of the decline of deer collision. D. Another new way to reduce deer collisions.
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍YujiHikita设计了为保护野鹿免受火车撞击的"鹿径"。
【解答】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的"they are also reportedly attracted to the lines due to a need for iron in their diets， tonguing u small iron pieces left behind by train wheels on the tracks"据报道，由于饮食中需要铁，他们还喜欢吃铁线，用舌头咬着铁轨上火车车轮留下的小铁块。可知，野鹿靠近铁轨是为了能够舔舐轨道上的铁屑。故选B。
（2）C .推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容"Yuji Hikita， an employee at Kintetsu Railway Co.，watched a heartbreaking scene in 2015. A family of deer entered the tracks at night， and one of three baby deer was struck and killed by a train. A parent deer stared down at the fallen baby for 40 minutes， according to the Asahi Shimbun newspaper. After seeing that， Hikita thought hard for ways to stop it from happening so often."Despite all our efforts to shut out deer， they still enter the tracks，" he thought at the time，"Why don't we have crossings for deer？" Two years later， his idea won a 2017 Good Design Award from the Japan Institute of Design Promotion."金泰洙铁路公司（Kintetsu Railway Co.）员工Yuji Hikita在2015年目睹了一幕令人心碎的场景。一家人鹿夜间进入铁轨，三只小鹿中的一只被火车撞死。据《朝日新闻》报道，一只母鹿盯着倒下的婴儿看了40分钟。看到这一点后，Hikita努力想办法阻止这种情况频繁发生。"尽管我们尽了一切努力将鹿拒之门外，但它们还是会进入赛道，"他当时想，"为什么我们没有鹿的过境点呢？"两年后，他的想法获得了日本设计促进学会（Japan Institute of Design Promotion）颁发的2017年度优秀设计奖。可知， Yuji Hikita 在2015年看到了小鹿被火车撞死的场景，出于同情和惋惜，他努力研究并设计了保护野鹿的"鹿径"，并获得了2017年的设计大奖。由此可推知，他心地善良且十分聪明。A. Honest and responsible.诚实的和负责的；B. Ambitious and sensitive.雄心勃勃和敏感的；C. Intelligent and kind﹣hearted.聪明和善良的；D. Innocent and single﹣minded.无辜的和专心的。故选C。
（3）C.写作手法题。根据最后一段内容可知，该段对比了安装"鹿径"前后发生的撞鹿事故的数据，说明安装"鹿径"的方法是管用的。可知是通过比较的手法。故选C。
（4）D .推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句"Recenly， however，two new tactics have raised hopes for reducing deerollisions."然而，最近，两种新的策略使人们对减少减产产生了希望。可知，文章提到了有两种减少野鹿被撞的方法，文章详细介绍了第一种。 由此可推知，后续段落会介绍能减少野鹿被撞的第二个方法。故选D。
Passage 4．（2020•晋城模拟）
Even if you've never been to Phoenix， you know this about the place： It's hot． But that doesn't stop hikers from attempting the 1.3﹣mile trek （跋涉） to the top of the city's famed Camelback Mountain． Signs warn that the trail is "extremely difficult"． If you continue， a posted checklist suggests at least a liter of water per person． And if you keep climbing， another sign farther up declares： "If you're halfway through your water turn around!"
Unfortunately， many people do not pay attention to the warnings． Fortunately， Scott Cullymore does．The 53﹣year﹣old man hikes up and down Camelback a couple of times a day， giving out cold bottles of water to worn﹣out hikers． He has helped so many hikers that he has earned a heavenly nickname： the water Angel． "I'd like a more manly name， but， you know，" he told azfamily．com．
Cullymore was on Camelback Mountain one day in 2015 when a British tourist died after being lost for nearly six hours in the July heat． That experience inspired him to start helping people caught unaware by Arizona's unforgiving version of Mother Nature． "They underestimate the mountain， and they overestimate hat they can do， and they get themselves in trouble，" he told the Arizona Republic． If a hiker has a red face and is not sweating anymore， Cullymore reaches into his insulated （隔热的） backpack， pulls out a frosty bottle， and hands it to the person． "It's misleading that we're in the middle of the city． You can die up here and no one would know．"
One hiker who received Cullymore's water agrees． "You think you know the heat， but then you get out here in the desert and it surrounds you like a blanket，" he said， pointing to Cullymore， "but we are luck run into this good man here．" And with that， the Water Angel goes in search of another hiker in need．
（1）What is the purpose of the signs along the hike way？
A． To show the trek is difficult． B． To warn hikers to take enough water．
C． To frighten people to give up． D． To avoid hikers getting lost．
（2）What does Scott Cullymore think of his nickname？
A． It's womanish．B． It's manly．C． It's ironic．D． It's appropriate．
（3）Who will Scott offer his help to？
A． Anybody he meets． B． Those in the middle of the trek．
C． Anyone in need of water． D． Those who sweat a lot．
（4）What can be the best title of this text？
A． A Desert﹣Like mountain B． Fighting against Heat
C． Necessities for Hiking D． Water Angel
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；新闻报道阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了Cullymore免费给登山者送冷藏饮用水的故事。
【解答】（1）B．推理判断题。根据第一段中"Signs warn that the trail is"extremely difficult.If you continue，a posted checklist suggests at least a liter of water per person."路标警告说，这条路"非常困难"，如果你继续，张贴的检查表建议每人至少要喝一升水。可知，路途中的那些指示牌告诫人们这条路很难，需要带足够的水。故选B．
（2）A．观点态度题。根据第二段中"I'd like a more manly name"我想要一个更有男子气概的名字，说明他认为the Water Angel这个名字有点儿女孩气。A． It'swomanish女孩气；B． It'smanly有男子汉气概的；C． It'sironic讽刺的；D． It'sappropriate适当的。故选A．
（3）C．细节理解题。根据第三段中"If a hiker has a red face and is not sweating anymore，Cullymore reaches into his insulated backpack，pulls out a frosty bottle，and hands it to the person."如果一个徒步旅行者的脸红了，不再出汗，卡利莫尔就会把手伸进他的隔热背包，拿出一个冰镇的瓶子，递给那个人。可知， Scott 给需要的人提供水。故选C．
（4）D．标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了Cullymore为缺水的徒步旅行者送水的故事，他因此获得"the Water Angel"的外号。因此用这个外号作为标题，很切题意。故选D．
Passage 5．（2020•南充模拟）
Apps from Chinese developers have been gaining popularity on Indian app stores for some time. In 2018，as many as 44 of the top 100 Android apps in India were developed by Chinese firms.
But things changed last year as local developers put on a fight. According to app analytics and marketing firm AppsFlyer，Indian apps as a whole have recaptured their original standing.
Indeed， 41% of the top 200 apps in Indian editions of Googl's Play Store and Apple's App Store in the second and third quarters of last year were developed by Indian developers and local firms， up from 38% in 2018， the report said. Data from App Annie， another research firm， corroborates（证实） the claim.
"This uptick happened mainly at the expense of Chinese apps，which fell from their lead position to 38% from 43% in 2018. Altogether， Chinese and Indian apps make up almost four﹣fifths（79%）of the list，" the report said.
The change comes as scores of Indian firms have launched payments， gaming， news and entertainment apps in the last year and a half， said AppsFlyer， which analyzed 6.5 billion installs （安装）in the second and third quarters of last year.
But Chinese developers are not giving up， and continue to keep an "impressive" fight in each category，the report said.
India， which is home to more than 450 million smartphone users and keep relatively loose laws to support an open market， has naturally appeared as an attractive battleground for developers worldwide.
Many Chinese firms，including Xiaomi and ByteDance， regard India as one of their largest markets. Tik Tokapp has amassed（积累） more than 200 million users in India， for instance. Xiaoni， which leads the Indian smartphone market， is quickly building a series of services for users in India.
It launched a lending app the in country earlier in November 2018.
（1）Because Indian firms launched varieties of apps in 2019 .
A. Chinese apps lost their lead position B. Chinese developers gave up their competition
C. India apps make up most of the top 200 D. the percentage of Chinese apps went down sharply
（2）The underlined word uptick in the 4th paragraph most probably means .
A. sharp decrease B. slight increase C. a little fall D. statistical data
（3）Many Chinese developers compete for Indian markets for all the following reasons except .
A. huge market need. B. laws in favor of foreign firms
C. a market system open to the world D. absolutely fierce competition
（4）What attitude did the author hold when analyzing the market situation？
A. Critical. B. Confused. C. Subjective. D. Objective.
【考点】新闻报道类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。在印度，虽然中国开发的应用程序市场占有率有所下降，但是中国的app开发者们并没有放弃印度市场。
【解答】（1）A.细节理解题。第二段中提到"Indian apps as a whole have recaptured their original standing.（ 印度的应用已经重新夺回了最初的地位。）根据第四段中"…Chinese apps， which fell from their lead position to 38% from 43% in 2018.（中国App在2018年的市场占有率从43%下滑到38%。）因为2019年印度公司开发了各种应用，导致中国应用失去了以前的领头地位。故选A项。
（2）B.词义猜测题。第四段中划线词""This uptick"指代第三段中"41% of the top 200 apps…were developed by Indian developers and local firms， up from 38% in 2018"。印度的前200个应用程序中， 由印度开发的应用程序从2018年的38% 上升到41%。因此可以推测"uptrick"意思为"小幅增加"。A. sharp decrease急剧减少；B. slight increase小幅增加；C. a little fall有点跌落；D. statistical data统计数据。故选B项。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据第七段中"India， which is home to more than 450 million smartphone users and keep relatively loose laws to support an open market， has naturally appeared as an attractive battleground for developers worldwide.（印度拥有超过4.5亿智能手机用户，为了支持一个开放的市场，保持相对宽松的法律制度，自然成为了吸引全球开发者的战场。）可知，中国的app开发者竞争印度市场因为庞大的市场需求、对外国公司宽松的法律制度、以及对外开放的市场体系。文章没有提到是因为激烈的市场竞争。 故选D项。
（4）D.观点态度题。通读全文可以看出，文章列举了大量的真实可信的数据，说明中国app在印度市场占有率下滑，并且客观地说明印度市场值得开发的原因。因此作者分析印度市场情况时是持客观的态度。A. Critical.批评的；B. Confused.困惑的；C. Subjective.主观的；D. Objective.客观的。故选D项。
Passage 6．（2020•辽阳三模）
During the outbreak of novel coronavirus， cities are locked down and borders are closed． Science， on the contrary， is becoming more open． And this "open science" is already making a difference．
Soon after the epidemic （流行病） started in China， a research team from Fudan University in Shanghai successfully sequenced （测定序列） the DNA of the virus． But they didn't keep the information to themselves． Instead， they placed the sequences on GenBank， an open﹣access data platform， so researchers around the world could download them for free and start studying the virus．
Due to this openness， companies producing drugs across the globe are now able to work at the same time to develop a vaccine（疫苗）． "There may be room for multiple different vaccines for different purposes and different age groups，" Amesh Adalja， a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security in the US， told Al Jazeera． "The bigger menu we have of vaccines， the more flexible we'll be when fighting against coronavirus outbreaks in the future．"
Major drug companies around the world are also sharing their study results． Remdesivir， a drug originally developed by US company Gilead Sciences to treat Ebola， is found to be promising in fighting against the novel coronavirus． Currently， two trials of the drug are already underway in China， and the results might be available as soon as April， according to The Verge．
This openness in science is going to be even more important in the future． "With climate change， increasing globalization， and population shifts， epidemics will not go away， and might even become more frequent，" Dan Barouch， a Harvard Medical School professor， told Harvard Magazine．
He said， "No one group can do everything． It has to be a cooperative approach． But I do think that the world has a greater sense of readiness this time to develop knowledge， drugs， and treatment very rapidly．"
Every epidemic is indeed a crisis， but it can also be a learning opportunity． One redeeming （补偿的） factor of the COVID﹣19 outbreak is that it is helping science adapt for the better．
（1）What does the article mainly talk about？
A． Coordinated efforts to fight the epidemic in Africa．
B． Some scientific knowledge we've learned from the epidemic．
C． The significance of openness and sharing of scientific knowledge．
D． What needs to be done to prevent future epidemics．
（2）The positive effect of what the research team from Fudan University did is that ．
A． they alerted the world to the danger of the virus
B． they helped remove people's fear of the virus
C． they showed the world how to produce a vaccine
D． they invited collective efforts worldwide to develop a vaccine
（3）What is the author's purpose of mentioning remdesivir in paragraph 4？
A． To introduce a possible cure for the epidemic．
B． To compare the treatment of Ebola and the novel coronavirus．
C． To prove that many drug companies readily share their discoveries．
D． To show that the novel coronavirus will soon be contained．
（4）Which of the following would Dan Barouch probably disagree with？
A． Epidemics will be less frequent thanks to climate change．
B． The world is becoming better prepared to deal with epidemics．
C． No single group can fight against the epidemics independently．
D． The increase in globalization may bring about more epidemics．
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇说明文．文章主要描述了在新型冠状病毒爆发期间，城市被封锁，边境被关闭．相反，科学正变得越来越开放．为了研究出疫苗，各国通力合作，在网络平台分享信息．随着全球化的发展，流行病也变得越来越频繁，所以各国应该注重医药科学上的合作和信息的公开，一起打赢人类的保卫战．
【解答】（1）C.主旨大意题．根据文章第一段Science， on the contrary， is becoming more open（相反，科学正变得越来越开放），第三段"Due to this openness， pharmaceutical companies across the globe arc now able to work at the same time to develop a vaccine "（由于这种开放，全球的制药公司现在能够在同一时间开发疫苗），第四段Major drug companies around the world arc also sharing their study results（世界各地的大型制药公司也在分享他们的研究结果）可知，在面对疫情时，各国通力合作研究疫苗，并分享研究成果．这篇文章主要讲了科学知识开放和共享的重要性．故选 C．
（2）D.细节理解题．根据文章第二段But they didn't keep the information to themselves． Instead， they placed the sequences on GenBank， an open﹣access data platform， so researchers around the world could download them for free and start studying the virus． "（但他们没有把信息保密．相反，他们把这些序列放在GenBank上，这是一个开放存取的数据平台，因此全世界的研究人员可以免费下载这些序列，并开始研究病毒），由此可知，复旦大学研究团队所做的积极影响是邀请全世界共同努力开发疫苗．故选D 项．
（3）C.推理判断题．根据文章第四段Major drug companies around the world are also sharing their study results． Remdesivir， a drug originally developed by US company Gilead Sciences to treat Ebola， is found to be promising in fighting against the novel coronavirus． （世界各地的大型制药公司也在分享他们的研究结果．美国吉利德科学公司最初开发的治疗埃博拉病毒的药物Remdesivir被发现在对抗新型冠状病毒方面很有前景．）可知，全球很多大的制药公司也分享了他们的研究成果，而Remdesivir 也是其中之一．由此推知，作者在第四段提到remdesivir的目的是证明许多制药公司乐意分享他们的发现．故选C项．
（4）A.推理判断题．根据文章第五段中的"With climate change， increasing globalization， and population shifts， epidemics will not go away， and might even become more frequent， Dan Barouch， a Harvard Medical School professor， told Harvard Magazine． "（哈佛医学院教授丹•巴鲁克在接受《哈佛》杂志采访时说，随着气候变化、全球化的加剧和人口的转移，流行病不会消失，甚至可能变得更加频繁），可推断出丹•巴鲁克可能不同意"由于气候变化，流行病的发生频率将会降低"这一观点．故选A 项．
Passage 7．（2020•抚顺模拟）
Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon﹣﹣﹣a total lunar eclipse （月蚀）﹣﹣﹣on the roof of their house．
Now a seventh﹣grader at East Prairie Elementary School， Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed﹣Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars．
She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel． So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge， Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind．
"I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，" Smeeton said． "She immediately started researching bone density（密度） of astronauts and how to have food on Mars．"
"My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，" Dobek says．
Dobek's design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in． It also includes the SGF or Self﹣Crowing Farm， and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars．
Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek's design． A simulation（模拟装置） allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual（虚拟的） reality environment． Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth， such as their homes．
"I want to tell other kids to follow their passions．" Dobek said． "Whatever they want to do they should push for it and always try their best．"
（1）Dobek first became interested in space when ．
A． she was still a seventh﹣grader B． she studied at a junior high school
C． she lived on the top of their house D． she watched an eclipse of the moon
（2）Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because ．
A． she knew Dobek liked challenges in life
B． she had no other students interested in Mars
C． Dobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts
D． she was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance
（3）What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station？
A． The environment on Mars． B． The safety of the supplies．
C． The activities for astronauts． D． The comfort of the astronauts．
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；新闻报道阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文属于新闻，介绍一个中学生从小对太空和宇宙感兴趣，在老师的鼓励下，设计了帮助宇航员去火星的一些科学设备．
【解答】（1）D.细节理解题．根据第一段Emilia Dubcek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon ﹣﹣﹣ a total lunar eclipse（月蚀）﹣﹣﹣ on the roof of their house．艾米莉亚•杜布切克（Emilia Dubcek）将她对太空和宇宙的兴趣追溯到三年级时，她和父亲在屋顶上观看了一轮血月亮﹣﹣月全食。可知，Emilia Dubcek对太空和宇宙感兴趣是在三年级，与父亲在屋顶一次看月食的时候，故选D．
（2）D.推理判断题．根据第四段"I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，" Smeeton said． "She immediately started researching bone density（密度） of astronauts and how to have food on Mars．"斯梅顿说："我知道她会喜欢这个挑战，而且她会在她的搜索中超越以往，她立即开始研究宇航员的骨密度以及如何在火星上进食。可知，老师相信Dubcek能够做出更好的研究，故选D．
（3）D.细节理解题．根据第五段"My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，" Dobek says．可知，Dobek 说："她的设计不仅确保宇航员的安全，还要保证宇航员的舒适生活"，Dobek设计太空站的时候，主要专注于宇航员的舒适。故选D．
Passage 8．（2020•六安模拟）
This season， the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land． At least 25 people have been killed and 2000 homes destroyed． According to the BBC， this is the most casualties （伤亡） from wildfires in the country since 2009． The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone．
Zeke Hausfather， an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth， said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season． "The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires． Australia's fires were worsened by the combination of those two． 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia，" Hausfather added on Friday．
Kevin Trenberth， a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research， said warmer ocean temperatures also contributed to more variable weather around the world． Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans， which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places， causing longer rain events in Indonesia， for example， and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia． He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more， it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading． Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer．
Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity of wildfires． How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires． Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property， such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area． Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched （派遣）．
（1）What are the numbers about in Paragraph 1？
A． The causes of Australian fires． B． The results of Australian fires．
C． The damaged areas of Australian fires． D． The property destruction of Australian fires．
（2）Which of the following best explains "susceptible to" in the second paragraph？
A． Very quickly to adapt to． B． Very seriously to focus on．
C． Very easily to be protected against． D． Very likely to be influenced by．
（3）What can we infer from Trenberth's research？
A． Warmer ocean temperatures promote fires spreading．
B． Longer dry weather contributes to global warming．
C． The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising．
D． Global warming is the root cause of the bushfires．
（4）What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph？
A． To provide some advice about reducing damage． B． To show the methods for controlling burns．
C． To predict the seriousness of Australian fires． D． To stress the effects of Australian fires．
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；新媒体阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了澳大利亚森林大火产生的条件和蔓延的原因。
【解答】（1）B.推理判断题.由第一段This season， the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people have been killed and 2000 homes destroyed.这个季节，澳大利亚的丛林大火已经烧毁了超过1235万英亩的土地。至少25人死亡，2000所房屋被毁。可知，本段的数字表明森林大火产生的严重后果。故选B。
（2）D.词句猜测题.由第二段Zeke Hausfather， an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth， said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season.（加州大学伯克利分校地球分校的能源系统分析师和气候研究员泽克•豪萨福尔说，气温升高和极端天气使澳大利亚更容易发生火灾，并延长了火灾季节的长度。）可推测气温升高和极端天气更容易发生火灾，more susceptible to 意为"更容易受到影响"＝Very likely to be influenced by。故选D。
（3）D.推理判断题.由第三段的He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more， it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.（他说，一旦一个地区经历了两个月或更长时间的干旱，它就会增加火灾蔓延和蔓延的风险。那些由于全球变暖而改变的天气使得干旱持续的时间更长。）可推断，全球气候变暖是森林火灾的根本原因。故选D。
（4）B.推理判断题.由第四段Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property， such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area.（控制烧伤等做法和其他因素可影响对人员和财产的风险，如预警系统和特定地区的开发类型。）可知，作者在最后一段介绍控制火灾造成的伤害的方法。故选B。
Passage 9．（2020•泰安模拟）
Sam is a fourth﹣year student at Harvard Medical School，but poetry is still a big part of his life，now with a new teacher，Rafael Campo，who believes poetry can benefit every doctor's education and work．Rafael is a physician，professor and a highly respected poet．
"Poetry is in every encounter（邂逅）with my patients．I think healing is really in a very great way about poetry．And if we do anything when we're with our patients，we're really immersing（使沉浸于）ourselves in their stories，really hearing their voices．And，certainly，that's what a poem does，" he said．
Rafael worries that something important has been lost in medicine and medical education today：humanity，which he finds in poetry．To end that，he leads a weekly reading and writing workshop for medical students and residents（住院医生）．
He thinks medical training focuses too much on distancing the doctor from his or her patients，and poems can help close that gap．
Third﹣year resident Andrea Schwartz was one of the workshop regulars．She said．"I think there's no other profession other than medicine that produces as many writers as it does．And I think that is because there's just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest．" Not everyone believes that's what doctors should do，though．
Rafael said，"I was afraid of how people might judge me，actually．In the medical profession，as many people know，we must always put the emergency first．But，you know，that kind of treatment，if it's happening in the hospital，very regrettably，sadly，results in a bad outcome．The family is sitting by the bedside．The patient hasn't survived the cancer．Don't we still have a role as healers there？"
In a poem titled "Health"，Rafael writes of the wish to live forever in a world made painless by our incurable joy．He says he will continue teaching students，helping patients and writing poems，his own brand of medicine．
（1）What do we know about Rafael Campo？
A．He works as a doctor． B．He is under medical care．
C．He is a literature professor． D．He knows little about poetry．
（2）What does the author try to show in Paragraph 2？
A．The importance of medical training．
B．The effect of poetry in medical treatment．
C．The similarity involved in poetry and medical work．
D．The present relationship between patients and doctors．
（3）What does Andrea Schwartz think of poetry？
A．It comforts patients' family． B．It contributes to medical work．
C．It has nothing to do with doctors． D．It keeps doctors away from patients．
（4）What is Rafael Campo's view on poetry？
A．It requires a lot of spare time． B．It can provide a useful tool for doctors．
C．It has little effect on patients' conditions． D．It should be included in emergency treatments．
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；新闻报道阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是新闻报道．诗歌不只是文人墨客的专属，它还为前赴后继的医护人员带来内心的慰藉，它是医护工作中的润滑剂，是治愈伤痛的"良药"．
【解答】（1）A． 细节理解题．根据第一段中的Rafael is a physician拉斐尔是个医生． 可知Rafael Camp是一名医生．故选A．
（2）C． 文章目的题．根据第二段中的Poetry is in every encounter（邂逅）with my patients诗歌存在于我和病人的每一个邂逅中． 和that's what a poem does诗就是这样的． 可知，作者想通过第二段表达诗歌和医护工作的相通之处．故选C．
（3）B． 推理判断题．根据倒数第三段中的And I think that is because there's just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest．知，Andrea Schwartz 认为诗歌有助于医生和病人之间的互动，医生和病患关系紧密就有助于医疗效果，因此，Andrea Schwanz认为诗歌有利于医疗工作．故选B．
（4）B． 推理判断题．根据第一段中Rafael Campo，who believes poetry can benefit every doctor's education and work．（Rafael Campo认为诗歌可以让每个医生的教育和工作受益）及最后一段中的"He says he will continue teaching students，helping patients and writing poems，his own brand of medicine．（他说他会继续教学生，帮助病人并写诗歌，诗歌是他自己的医药品牌）"由此判断出， Rafael Campo认为诗歌对医生来说是一个有用的工具． 故选B项．
Passage 10．（2020•镇江三模）
Eliud Kipchoge's extraordinary sub﹣two﹣hour marathon in Vienna on Saturday is one of the greatest sporting achievements﹣recording a time that has never been achieved before，again．It is a time on the fringes（边缘）of what scientists believe is humanly possible．
"It is a great feeling to make history in sport after Sir Roger Bannister in 1954．I am the happiest man in the world to be the first human to run under two hours and I can tell people that no human is limited，" Kipchoge said afterwards．
Is he right？Where are the limits of human ability？And how close are we to reaching them？
Raph Brandon，head of science for England cricket，distinguishes between achievements which are constrained（限制）by human anatomy（解剖学），and those which require human determination or skill．
"When Bolt ran 9.58 in Berlin 10 years ago，if you analyse the split times，it's very hard to imagine where the improvement comes from，" said Brandon，"The Usain Bolt 100m or the two﹣hour marathon，they're in that category．"
Multi﹣day，ultra﹣endurance events，such as Thomas's cross﹣Channel swim，are different，Brandon said．
"They need determination，psychology and bloody﹣mindedness to go that little bit further．Those people will continue to do unique things because you're not really taking the body to its anatomical limit．It's more a question of how much you're prepared to consume and exhaust yourself．"
And there's a third category，those sporting endeavours（努力）that rely on hand﹣eye coordination：the goal tallies of Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi，and the batting of Virat Kohli Steve Smith or Don Bradman，who trained by hitting a golf ball with a stump against a wall to become the best batsman ever to play Test cricket．
Equipment has been a factor for many sports．NFL receivers wear gloves that enable them to make improbable one﹣handed catches．The GB cycling team swept the board at the Olympics because of their amazing new clothing tech．
The line between what is fair and unfair is blurry． Kipchoge's sub﹣two﹣hour run will not be officially recognized．He ran behind a car which beamed a green laser on to the ground in front of him．Teams of pacemakers，41 in total，ran in a V﹣formation to protect him from headwinds（逆风）．He wore specially designed shoes and the time and date of the event were picked only after detailed weather forecasting．
Jo Davies，a sport psychologist，says recent studies have shown athletes can push themselves harder because of their perception of exhaustion．
Other research published this year which looked at athletes who had won multiple gold medals found that they were different in several important ways．They had often had a shocking and upsetting life experience and had suffered significant setbacks in their performance during their careers，as well as personality traits of determination，perseverance and perfectionism．
So whether or not those limits have been reached，there will be no shortage of people prepared to try to go beyond them．
（1）Why is Eliud Kipchoge's sub﹣two﹣hour marathon considered extraordinary？
A．It was made in Vienna on a weekend．
B．It pushed the limits of human ability．
C．It proved that there was no boundary of his achievements．
D．It was greater than the record kept by Sir Roger Bannister．
（2）The Usain Bolt 100m and the two﹣hour marathon belong to the same category in that ．
A．they need great determination or skills B．they can be achieved via equipment
C．they rely on hand﹣eye coordination D．they are reaching anatomical limit
（3）Kipchoge's sub﹣two﹣hour marathon will not be officially recognized because ．
A．he was followed by pacemakers B．he was caught in headwinds
C．he got much special help D．he didn't run on the picked day
（4）It can be inferred from the last three paragraphs that ．
A．Jo Davies believes that athletes make progress in the same way
B．anatomical limit prevents athletes from having sad life experience
C．an athlete who has suffered setbacks will win gold medals
D．whether an athlete can succeed or not may depend on himself
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；新闻报道阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道类阅读．文章介绍了埃利乌德基普乔奇周六在维也纳成功进行了长达两小时的马拉松比赛，刷新了人类能力的极限从未有过的记录．这一行为引起了人们的议论，因为基普乔奇借助了许多特别的帮助，他们认为基普乔奇的马拉松比赛不会得到官方认可．
【解答】（1）B． 细节理解题．根据第二段中I am the happiest man in the world to be the first human to run under two hours and I can tell people that no human is limited，我是世界上最快乐的人，我是第一个跑两小时以内的人，我可以告诉人们没有人是有限的，可知，埃利乌德基普乔奇长达两小时的马拉松被认为是非同寻常的，因为它推动了人类能力的极限．故选B项．
（2）D． 细节理解题．根据第五段中The Usain Bolt 100m or the two﹣hour marathon，they're in that category．"尤塞恩博尔特100米或两个小时的马拉松都属于这一项．"可知，尤塞恩博尔特（Usain Bolt）的100米和两个小时的马拉松属于同一类别，因为它们都达到了解剖学上的极限．故选D项．
（3）C． 推理判断题．根据倒数第四段中Kipchoge's sub﹣two﹣hour run will not be officially recognized．He ran behind a car which beamed a green laser on to the ground in front of him．Teams of pacemakers，41 in total，ran in a V﹣formation to protect him from headwinds（逆风）．He wore specially designed shoes and the time and date of the event were picked only after detailed weather forecasting．基普乔奇的不到两小时的跑步将不会得到官方承认．他跟在一辆车后面，那辆车把绿色的激光照射在他前面的地上．总共41支起搏器队伍排成v形队形，以保护他不受逆风影响．他穿着特别设计的鞋子，比赛的时间和日期是在经过详细的天气预报后才确定的．可知，由于得到了很多特别的帮助，基普乔奇长达两小时的马拉松比赛不会得到官方认可．故选C项．
（4）D． 推理判断题．根据倒数第三段Jo Davies，a sport psychologist，says recent studies have shown athletes can push themselves harder because of their perception of exhaustion．运动心理学家乔．戴维斯表示，最近的研究表明，运动员会因为感觉筋疲力尽而更加努力地锻炼自己；倒数第二段中Other research published this year which looked at athletes who had won multiple gold medals found that they were different in several important ways．今年发表的另一项研究对多枚金牌的运动员进行了研究，发现他们在几个重要方面是不同的；最后一段 So whether or not those limits have been reached，there will be no shortage of people prepared to try to go beyond them．因此，无论是否达到了这些限制，都不会缺少准备尝试超越它们的人．可知，从最后三段可以推断出一个运动员能否成功可能取决于他自己．故选D项．
冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解
第四模块：新闻报道类
Passage 1．（2021•山东模拟）
Diners don't typically get to see how restaurant kitchens are run. But if they did， most would be shocked by the amount of perfectly good food is thrown away every single day.
After spending his career as a chef and working as the Vice President of Food and Beverage at FireKeepers Casino Hotel in Battle Creek， Michigan， Michael McFarlen saw how much food would get thrown away from the Casino's restaurant every day.
McFarlen later became the president on the board of the South Central Food Bank of Michigan Inc. And got to see just how big of a need there was for food among people in the community. After that，he knew he had to do more to take action to help his community and reduce his food waste.
After some thinking，McFarlen came up with a plan. In April of 2016，he bought Fire Station No.4，a historic firehouse that had been closed for years，decorated it again and turned the fire station into to a food pantry（公益食品仓库） in the community to help people struggling to secure their next meal.
According to McFarlen，about 375 to 400 households in total，get help from the food pantry every single month. When you think of people getting help， you think of homeless or unemployed people. In reality，however，many of the people who have needed the food pantry's help are people that are employed but still struggle to afford to pay for groceries.
The entire project works thanks to the revenue（收入）generated from the FireKeepers Casino hotel as well as a ＄140 000 donation that comes from society every year to help operate the food pantry. On top of helping run the Kendall Street Food Pantry，profits are also given to nonprofits like the Safe Place and the Food Bank of South Central Michigan Inc. McFarlen said，"As we get more and more involved，we will give to many other charities and nonprofits."
（1）Why did McFarlen decide to take action？
A. His position as the president empowered him.
B. He was shocked at how restaurant kitchens worked.
C. His restaurant throws away too many materials every day.
D. He was concerned about food waste and community's need.
（2）What may surprise you among the people getting help？
A. Some people on a fixed income also seek help.
B. Employed workers can't afford to pay for groceries.
C. So many homeless people struggled to make ends meet.
D. The food pantry benefits homeless and unemployed people.
（3）What can we learn from the last paragraph？
A. McFarlen runs the food pantry alone. B. The community donates to the food pantry.
C. Great profits are made from the food pantry. D. McFarlen's charity contributes a lot to nonprofits.
（4）In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？
A. Food. B. Health. C. Society. D. Education.
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；新闻报道阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。厨师Michael McFarlen在发现餐厅的食物浪费问题严重而社区里又有很多食不果腹的人们时，他通过与餐厅共同努力，建立了公益食品仓库来帮助那些有需要的人并获得了显著的成效。
【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Michael MeFarlen saw how much food would get thrown away from the Casino's restaurant every day（迈克尔•梅法伦（Michael MeFarlen）看到赌场餐厅每天会扔掉多少食物）及第三段中的see just how big of a need there was for food among people in the community. After that，he knew he had to do more to take action（看看社区里人们对食物的需求有多大。在那之后，他知道他必须采取更多的行动）可知，在看到餐厅的食物被浪费而社区里还有很多人缺少食物后，Michael MeFarlen决定采取行动。故选D.
（2）A.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句In reality，however，many of the people who have needed the food pantry's help are people that are employed but still struggle to afford to pay for groceries.（然而，在现实中，许多需要食品储藏室帮助的人是有工作但仍难以支付食品杂货费的人。）可知，令人感到吃惊的是，在那些需要帮助的人中，还有一些有工作的人也在寻求帮助。故选A.
（3）D.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的As we get more and more involved，we will give to many other charities and nonprofits（随着我们越来越多地参与进来，我们将向许多其他慈善机构和非营利组织捐款）可知，McFarlen的项目帮助了许多非营利组织。故选D.
（4）C.文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Michael McFarlen及其所在的酒店通过建立公益食品仓库来帮助社区的人们解决食物短缺问题，同时避免了食物的浪费问题。由此可推知，本文可能出现在报纸的社会版。A. Food食物；B. Health健康；Society社会；D. Education教育。故选C.
Passage 2．（2021•山东模拟）
Higher education enrolment is predicted to steadily decline through to 2027 due to the shrinking size of college﹣aged population in the United States.Universities have done with the consistently growing high school graduates over the last few decades. But this growth is slowing significantly， drying up the potential for tuition revenue （收入） that institutions so desperately rely on.
Figures from the National Center for Education Statistics show the number of high school graduates will rise just 0.2 percent in the next nine years，compared to 6 percent during the previous nine years. Freshman applications to the University of California system in 2019 dipped for the first time in 15 years. Other major institutions，like Michigan State University，are also seeing declines.
As colleges brace for tough times ahead， the promise of a potential savior（救世主） in the form of online education is obviously a welcome one. It offers institutions the opportunity to diversify and step back from their reliance on on﹣campus tuition revenue. It means they are more dynamic with the course content and can meet the needs of an ever﹣shifting workplace.
To ensure they are giving students and employers what they are looking for，universities are incorporating competency﹣based learning curriculum（总课程） in their online offerings and short courses. Many are developed in cooperation with business to ensure they meet their needs. These online offerings are proving incredibly popular and colleges are expending resources to meet the demand. According to Wiley Education Services，over 600 universities planned to adopt competency﹣based learning degree programs in 2018， up from 50 in 2014. This hike in demand for online learning has furthered some colleges to reach for partners in the field， enlisting online programme managers（OPMS） to bring their courses to market.
This cooperation between higher education and OPMS enables colleges to offer a wider range of services，attracting students that perhaps otherwise would not consider attending university.
（1）What kind of problem are some universities in the US faced with？
A. The number of freshmen is gradually decreasing.
B. Higher tuition leads to less high education enrolment.
C. High school graduates prefer working to going to university.
D. High school graduates refuse to apply for universities in the US.
（2）What does the underlined phrase "brace for" in Para. 3 probably mean？
A. Struggle for. B. Compete for. C. Prepare for. D. Long for.
（3）What's the main idea of the fourth paragraph？
A. Online offerings are more popular among students.
B. Universities are often in collaboration with business.
C. Universities start online courses to attract more learners.
D. University online courses usually offer learners what they need.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A. None of high school graduates likes online service.
B. Not all high school graduates will choose to attend university.
C. OPMS offers job opportunities for every high school graduate.
D. OPMS will offer job opportunities to cooperation with universities.
【考点】新闻报道类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了应对大学新生减少的情况，美国大学所采取的措施。
【解答】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句Higher education enrolment is predicted to steadily decline through to 2027 due to the shrinking size of college﹣aged population in the United States.由于美国大学适龄人口规模不断缩小，预计到2027年，高等教育入学率将稳步下降。可知，美国大学目前正面临着入学新生日渐减少的问题。故选A。
（2）C.词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的" the promise of a potential savior（救世主） in the form of online education is obviously a welcome one"一个潜在的救世主（在线教育）的承诺，在线教育的形式显然是一个受欢迎的。及下文内容可知，在线教育这一潜在的救世主显然是受欢迎的。它为大学提供了多样化的机会.使它们不再依赖于校内学费收人。由此可推知，这些都是各所大学为自己未来的艰难时期做准备的措施，因此brace for 应意为"为…做准备"，与C项意思相近。A. Struggle for.为…而奋斗；B. Compete for.为…竞争；C. Prepare for.为…准备；D. Long for.渴望。故选C。
（3）D.段落大意题。根据第四段内容To ensure they are giving students and employers what they are looking for，universities are incorporating competency﹣based learning curriculum（总课程） in their online offerings and short courses.为了确保给学生和雇主提供他们想要的东西，大学正在把基于能力的学习课程纳入在线课程和短期课程中。 可知，本段主要讲述了大学网络课程通常可以为学习者提供他们所需要的东西。故选D。
（4）B.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 This cooperation between higher education and OPMS enables colleges to offer a wider range of services，attracting students that perhaps otherwise would not consider attending university.高等教育和OPMS之间的这种合作使学院能够提供更广泛的服务，吸引那些可能不会考虑上大学的学生。所以这种合作吸引了那些可能本来不会考虑上大学的人。由此可推知，并不是所有的高中毕业生都会选择上：大学。故选B.
Passage 3．（2021•山东模拟）
Deer have become especially troublesome to Japan's rail system in certain parts of the country. Many are likely just trying to move around their habitat in search of food or mates， but they are also reportedly attracted to the lines due to a need for iron in their diets，tonguing up small iron pieces left behind by train wheels on the tracks， thus leaving deer collisions on the rise for many of Japan's mountainous rail lines.
People have tried a variety of ways to rid railways of deer， from setting up physical barriers to providing alternative iron sources but in vain. Recently， however， two new tactics have raised hopes for reducing deer collisions.
Yuji Hikita， an employee at Kintetsu Railway Co.，watched a heartbreaking scene in 2015. A family of deer entered the tracks at night， and one of three baby deer was struck and killed by a train. A parent deer stared down at the fallen baby for 40 minutes， according to the Asahi Shimbun newspaper.
After seeing that， Hikita thought hard for ways to stop it from happening so often."Despite all our efforts to shut out deer， they still enter the tracks，" he thought at the time，"Why don't we have crossings for deer？" Two years later， his idea won a 2017 Good Design Award from the Japan Institute of Design Promotion.
Now three of these crossings have been set up on the Osaka Line in a mountainous area of Tsu，the capital of Mie Prefecture. That section of track suffered 17 deer collisions in 2015，but only one has been reported there since the deer crossings were in place more than a year ago. It's also noted that deer crossings on a different stretch of the same line in Nara Prefecture， where deer accidents fell from 13 in 2016 to two within eight months. "This is an excellent example of how railway companies can handle the deer﹣train collision problem from the deer's perspective，" a judge for the Good Design Award said in 2017.
（1）What attracts deer to railway tracks？
A. Habitat loss. B. Iron sources. C. Deer crossings. D. Strange noises.
（2）Which of the following words best describes Yuji Hikita？
A. Honest and responsible. B. Ambitious and sensitive.
C. Intelligent and kind﹣hearted. D. Innocent and single﹣minded.
（3）How is the effect of Deer crossings presented？
A. By process. B. By definition. C. By comparison. D. By classification.
（4）What might be discussed in the paragraphs following the last one？
A. The rebuilding of local wildlife. B. The application of deer crossings.
C. The causes of the decline of deer collision. D. Another new way to reduce deer collisions.
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍YujiHikita设计了为保护野鹿免受火车撞击的"鹿径"。
【解答】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的"they are also reportedly attracted to the lines due to a need for iron in their diets， tonguing u small iron pieces left behind by train wheels on the tracks"据报道，由于饮食中需要铁，他们还喜欢吃铁线，用舌头咬着铁轨上火车车轮留下的小铁块。可知，野鹿靠近铁轨是为了能够舔舐轨道上的铁屑。故选B。
（2）C .推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容"Yuji Hikita， an employee at Kintetsu Railway Co.，watched a heartbreaking scene in 2015. A family of deer entered the tracks at night， and one of three baby deer was struck and killed by a train. A parent deer stared down at the fallen baby for 40 minutes， according to the Asahi Shimbun newspaper. After seeing that， Hikita thought hard for ways to stop it from happening so often."Despite all our efforts to shut out deer， they still enter the tracks，" he thought at the time，"Why don't we have crossings for deer？" Two years later， his idea won a 2017 Good Design Award from the Japan Institute of Design Promotion."金泰洙铁路公司（Kintetsu Railway Co.）员工Yuji Hikita在2015年目睹了一幕令人心碎的场景。一家人鹿夜间进入铁轨，三只小鹿中的一只被火车撞死。据《朝日新闻》报道，一只母鹿盯着倒下的婴儿看了40分钟。看到这一点后，Hikita努力想办法阻止这种情况频繁发生。"尽管我们尽了一切努力将鹿拒之门外，但它们还是会进入赛道，"他当时想，"为什么我们没有鹿的过境点呢？"两年后，他的想法获得了日本设计促进学会（Japan Institute of Design Promotion）颁发的2017年度优秀设计奖。可知， Yuji Hikita 在2015年看到了小鹿被火车撞死的场景，出于同情和惋惜，他努力研究并设计了保护野鹿的"鹿径"，并获得了2017年的设计大奖。由此可推知，他心地善良且十分聪明。A. Honest and responsible.诚实的和负责的；B. Ambitious and sensitive.雄心勃勃和敏感的；C. Intelligent and kind﹣hearted.聪明和善良的；D. Innocent and single﹣minded.无辜的和专心的。故选C。
（3）C.写作手法题。根据最后一段内容可知，该段对比了安装"鹿径"前后发生的撞鹿事故的数据，说明安装"鹿径"的方法是管用的。可知是通过比较的手法。故选C。
（4）D .推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句"Recenly， however，two new tactics have raised hopes for reducing deerollisions."然而，最近，两种新的策略使人们对减少减产产生了希望。可知，文章提到了有两种减少野鹿被撞的方法，文章详细介绍了第一种。 由此可推知，后续段落会介绍能减少野鹿被撞的第二个方法。故选D。
Passage 4．（2020•晋城模拟）
Even if you've never been to Phoenix， you know this about the place： It's hot． But that doesn't stop hikers from attempting the 1.3﹣mile trek （跋涉） to the top of the city's famed Camelback Mountain． Signs warn that the trail is "extremely difficult"． If you continue， a posted checklist suggests at least a liter of water per person． And if you keep climbing， another sign farther up declares： "If you're halfway through your water turn around!"
Unfortunately， many people do not pay attention to the warnings． Fortunately， Scott Cullymore does．The 53﹣year﹣old man hikes up and down Camelback a couple of times a day， giving out cold bottles of water to worn﹣out hikers． He has helped so many hikers that he has earned a heavenly nickname： the water Angel． "I'd like a more manly name， but， you know，" he told azfamily．com．
Cullymore was on Camelback Mountain one day in 2015 when a British tourist died after being lost for nearly six hours in the July heat． That experience inspired him to start helping people caught unaware by Arizona's unforgiving version of Mother Nature． "They underestimate the mountain， and they overestimate hat they can do， and they get themselves in trouble，" he told the Arizona Republic． If a hiker has a red face and is not sweating anymore， Cullymore reaches into his insulated （隔热的） backpack， pulls out a frosty bottle， and hands it to the person． "It's misleading that we're in the middle of the city． You can die up here and no one would know．"
One hiker who received Cullymore's water agrees． "You think you know the heat， but then you get out here in the desert and it surrounds you like a blanket，" he said， pointing to Cullymore， "but we are luck run into this good man here．" And with that， the Water Angel goes in search of another hiker in need．
（1）What is the purpose of the signs along the hike way？
A． To show the trek is difficult． B． To warn hikers to take enough water．
C． To frighten people to give up． D． To avoid hikers getting lost．
（2）What does Scott Cullymore think of his nickname？
A． It's womanish．B． It's manly．C． It's ironic．D． It's appropriate．
（3）Who will Scott offer his help to？
A． Anybody he meets． B． Those in the middle of the trek．
C． Anyone in need of water． D． Those who sweat a lot．
（4）What can be the best title of this text？
A． A Desert﹣Like mountain B． Fighting against Heat
C． Necessities for Hiking D． Water Angel
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；新闻报道阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了Cullymore免费给登山者送冷藏饮用水的故事。
【解答】（1）B．推理判断题。根据第一段中"Signs warn that the trail is"extremely difficult.If you continue，a posted checklist suggests at least a liter of water per person."路标警告说，这条路"非常困难"，如果你继续，张贴的检查表建议每人至少要喝一升水。可知，路途中的那些指示牌告诫人们这条路很难，需要带足够的水。故选B．
（2）A．观点态度题。根据第二段中"I'd like a more manly name"我想要一个更有男子气概的名字，说明他认为the Water Angel这个名字有点儿女孩气。A． It'swomanish女孩气；B． It'smanly有男子汉气概的；C． It'sironic讽刺的；D． It'sappropriate适当的。故选A．
（3）C．细节理解题。根据第三段中"If a hiker has a red face and is not sweating anymore，Cullymore reaches into his insulated backpack，pulls out a frosty bottle，and hands it to the person."如果一个徒步旅行者的脸红了，不再出汗，卡利莫尔就会把手伸进他的隔热背包，拿出一个冰镇的瓶子，递给那个人。可知， Scott 给需要的人提供水。故选C．
（4）D．标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了Cullymore为缺水的徒步旅行者送水的故事，他因此获得"the Water Angel"的外号。因此用这个外号作为标题，很切题意。故选D．
Passage 5．（2020•南充模拟）
Apps from Chinese developers have been gaining popularity on Indian app stores for some time. In 2018，as many as 44 of the top 100 Android apps in India were developed by Chinese firms.
But things changed last year as local developers put on a fight. According to app analytics and marketing firm AppsFlyer，Indian apps as a whole have recaptured their original standing.
Indeed， 41% of the top 200 apps in Indian editions of Googl's Play Store and Apple's App Store in the second and third quarters of last year were developed by Indian developers and local firms， up from 38% in 2018， the report said. Data from App Annie， another research firm， corroborates（证实） the claim.
"This uptick happened mainly at the expense of Chinese apps，which fell from their lead position to 38% from 43% in 2018. Altogether， Chinese and Indian apps make up almost four﹣fifths（79%）of the list，" the report said.
The change comes as scores of Indian firms have launched payments， gaming， news and entertainment apps in the last year and a half， said AppsFlyer， which analyzed 6.5 billion installs （安装）in the second and third quarters of last year.
But Chinese developers are not giving up， and continue to keep an "impressive" fight in each category，the report said.
India， which is home to more than 450 million smartphone users and keep relatively loose laws to support an open market， has naturally appeared as an attractive battleground for developers worldwide.
Many Chinese firms，including Xiaomi and ByteDance， regard India as one of their largest markets. Tik Tokapp has amassed（积累） more than 200 million users in India， for instance. Xiaoni， which leads the Indian smartphone market， is quickly building a series of services for users in India.
It launched a lending app the in country earlier in November 2018.
（1）Because Indian firms launched varieties of apps in 2019 .
A. Chinese apps lost their lead position B. Chinese developers gave up their competition
C. India apps make up most of the top 200 D. the percentage of Chinese apps went down sharply
（2）The underlined word uptick in the 4th paragraph most probably means .
A. sharp decrease B. slight increase C. a little fall D. statistical data
（3）Many Chinese developers compete for Indian markets for all the following reasons except .
A. huge market need. B. laws in favor of foreign firms
C. a market system open to the world D. absolutely fierce competition
（4）What attitude did the author hold when analyzing the market situation？
A. Critical. B. Confused. C. Subjective. D. Objective.
【考点】新闻报道类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。在印度，虽然中国开发的应用程序市场占有率有所下降，但是中国的app开发者们并没有放弃印度市场。
【解答】（1）A.细节理解题。第二段中提到"Indian apps as a whole have recaptured their original standing.（ 印度的应用已经重新夺回了最初的地位。）根据第四段中"…Chinese apps， which fell from their lead position to 38% from 43% in 2018.（中国App在2018年的市场占有率从43%下滑到38%。）因为2019年印度公司开发了各种应用，导致中国应用失去了以前的领头地位。故选A项。
（2）B.词义猜测题。第四段中划线词""This uptick"指代第三段中"41% of the top 200 apps…were developed by Indian developers and local firms， up from 38% in 2018"。印度的前200个应用程序中， 由印度开发的应用程序从2018年的38% 上升到41%。因此可以推测"uptrick"意思为"小幅增加"。A. sharp decrease急剧减少；B. slight increase小幅增加；C. a little fall有点跌落；D. statistical data统计数据。故选B项。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据第七段中"India， which is home to more than 450 million smartphone users and keep relatively loose laws to support an open market， has naturally appeared as an attractive battleground for developers worldwide.（印度拥有超过4.5亿智能手机用户，为了支持一个开放的市场，保持相对宽松的法律制度，自然成为了吸引全球开发者的战场。）可知，中国的app开发者竞争印度市场因为庞大的市场需求、对外国公司宽松的法律制度、以及对外开放的市场体系。文章没有提到是因为激烈的市场竞争。 故选D项。
（4）D.观点态度题。通读全文可以看出，文章列举了大量的真实可信的数据，说明中国app在印度市场占有率下滑，并且客观地说明印度市场值得开发的原因。因此作者分析印度市场情况时是持客观的态度。A. Critical.批评的；B. Confused.困惑的；C. Subjective.主观的；D. Objective.客观的。故选D项。
Passage 6．（2020•辽阳三模）
During the outbreak of novel coronavirus， cities are locked down and borders are closed． Science， on the contrary， is becoming more open． And this "open science" is already making a difference．
Soon after the epidemic （流行病） started in China， a research team from Fudan University in Shanghai successfully sequenced （测定序列） the DNA of the virus． But they didn't keep the information to themselves． Instead， they placed the sequences on GenBank， an open﹣access data platform， so researchers around the world could download them for free and start studying the virus．
Due to this openness， companies producing drugs across the globe are now able to work at the same time to develop a vaccine（疫苗）． "There may be room for multiple different vaccines for different purposes and different age groups，" Amesh Adalja， a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security in the US， told Al Jazeera． "The bigger menu we have of vaccines， the more flexible we'll be when fighting against coronavirus outbreaks in the future．"
Major drug companies around the world are also sharing their study results． Remdesivir， a drug originally developed by US company Gilead Sciences to treat Ebola， is found to be promising in fighting against the novel coronavirus． Currently， two trials of the drug are already underway in China， and the results might be available as soon as April， according to The Verge．
This openness in science is going to be even more important in the future． "With climate change， increasing globalization， and population shifts， epidemics will not go away， and might even become more frequent，" Dan Barouch， a Harvard Medical School professor， told Harvard Magazine．
He said， "No one group can do everything． It has to be a cooperative approach． But I do think that the world has a greater sense of readiness this time to develop knowledge， drugs， and treatment very rapidly．"
Every epidemic is indeed a crisis， but it can also be a learning opportunity． One redeeming （补偿的） factor of the COVID﹣19 outbreak is that it is helping science adapt for the better．
（1）What does the article mainly talk about？
A． Coordinated efforts to fight the epidemic in Africa．
B． Some scientific knowledge we've learned from the epidemic．
C． The significance of openness and sharing of scientific knowledge．
D． What needs to be done to prevent future epidemics．
（2）The positive effect of what the research team from Fudan University did is that ．
A． they alerted the world to the danger of the virus
B． they helped remove people's fear of the virus
C． they showed the world how to produce a vaccine
D． they invited collective efforts worldwide to develop a vaccine
（3）What is the author's purpose of mentioning remdesivir in paragraph 4？
A． To introduce a possible cure for the epidemic．
B． To compare the treatment of Ebola and the novel coronavirus．
C． To prove that many drug companies readily share their discoveries．
D． To show that the novel coronavirus will soon be contained．
（4）Which of the following would Dan Barouch probably disagree with？
A． Epidemics will be less frequent thanks to climate change．
B． The world is becoming better prepared to deal with epidemics．
C． No single group can fight against the epidemics independently．
D． The increase in globalization may bring about more epidemics．
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇说明文．文章主要描述了在新型冠状病毒爆发期间，城市被封锁，边境被关闭．相反，科学正变得越来越开放．为了研究出疫苗，各国通力合作，在网络平台分享信息．随着全球化的发展，流行病也变得越来越频繁，所以各国应该注重医药科学上的合作和信息的公开，一起打赢人类的保卫战．
【解答】（1）C.主旨大意题．根据文章第一段Science， on the contrary， is becoming more open（相反，科学正变得越来越开放），第三段"Due to this openness， pharmaceutical companies across the globe arc now able to work at the same time to develop a vaccine "（由于这种开放，全球的制药公司现在能够在同一时间开发疫苗），第四段Major drug companies around the world arc also sharing their study results（世界各地的大型制药公司也在分享他们的研究结果）可知，在面对疫情时，各国通力合作研究疫苗，并分享研究成果．这篇文章主要讲了科学知识开放和共享的重要性．故选 C．
（2）D.细节理解题．根据文章第二段But they didn't keep the information to themselves． Instead， they placed the sequences on GenBank， an open﹣access data platform， so researchers around the world could download them for free and start studying the virus． "（但他们没有把信息保密．相反，他们把这些序列放在GenBank上，这是一个开放存取的数据平台，因此全世界的研究人员可以免费下载这些序列，并开始研究病毒），由此可知，复旦大学研究团队所做的积极影响是邀请全世界共同努力开发疫苗．故选D 项．
（3）C.推理判断题．根据文章第四段Major drug companies around the world are also sharing their study results． Remdesivir， a drug originally developed by US company Gilead Sciences to treat Ebola， is found to be promising in fighting against the novel coronavirus． （世界各地的大型制药公司也在分享他们的研究结果．美国吉利德科学公司最初开发的治疗埃博拉病毒的药物Remdesivir被发现在对抗新型冠状病毒方面很有前景．）可知，全球很多大的制药公司也分享了他们的研究成果，而Remdesivir 也是其中之一．由此推知，作者在第四段提到remdesivir的目的是证明许多制药公司乐意分享他们的发现．故选C项．
（4）A.推理判断题．根据文章第五段中的"With climate change， increasing globalization， and population shifts， epidemics will not go away， and might even become more frequent， Dan Barouch， a Harvard Medical School professor， told Harvard Magazine． "（哈佛医学院教授丹•巴鲁克在接受《哈佛》杂志采访时说，随着气候变化、全球化的加剧和人口的转移，流行病不会消失，甚至可能变得更加频繁），可推断出丹•巴鲁克可能不同意"由于气候变化，流行病的发生频率将会降低"这一观点．故选A 项．
Passage 7．（2020•抚顺模拟）
Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon﹣﹣﹣a total lunar eclipse （月蚀）﹣﹣﹣on the roof of their house．
Now a seventh﹣grader at East Prairie Elementary School， Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed﹣Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars．
She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel． So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge， Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind．
"I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，" Smeeton said． "She immediately started researching bone density（密度） of astronauts and how to have food on Mars．"
"My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，" Dobek says．
Dobek's design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in． It also includes the SGF or Self﹣Crowing Farm， and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars．
Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek's design． A simulation（模拟装置） allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual（虚拟的） reality environment． Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth， such as their homes．
"I want to tell other kids to follow their passions．" Dobek said． "Whatever they want to do they should push for it and always try their best．"
（1）Dobek first became interested in space when ．
A． she was still a seventh﹣grader B． she studied at a junior high school
C． she lived on the top of their house D． she watched an eclipse of the moon
（2）Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because ．
A． she knew Dobek liked challenges in life
B． she had no other students interested in Mars
C． Dobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts
D． she was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance
（3）What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station？
A． The environment on Mars． B． The safety of the supplies．
C． The activities for astronauts． D． The comfort of the astronauts．
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；新闻报道阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文属于新闻，介绍一个中学生从小对太空和宇宙感兴趣，在老师的鼓励下，设计了帮助宇航员去火星的一些科学设备．
【解答】（1）D.细节理解题．根据第一段Emilia Dubcek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon ﹣﹣﹣ a total lunar eclipse（月蚀）﹣﹣﹣ on the roof of their house．艾米莉亚•杜布切克（Emilia Dubcek）将她对太空和宇宙的兴趣追溯到三年级时，她和父亲在屋顶上观看了一轮血月亮﹣﹣月全食。可知，Emilia Dubcek对太空和宇宙感兴趣是在三年级，与父亲在屋顶一次看月食的时候，故选D．
（2）D.推理判断题．根据第四段"I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，" Smeeton said． "She immediately started researching bone density（密度） of astronauts and how to have food on Mars．"斯梅顿说："我知道她会喜欢这个挑战，而且她会在她的搜索中超越以往，她立即开始研究宇航员的骨密度以及如何在火星上进食。可知，老师相信Dubcek能够做出更好的研究，故选D．
（3）D.细节理解题．根据第五段"My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，" Dobek says．可知，Dobek 说："她的设计不仅确保宇航员的安全，还要保证宇航员的舒适生活"，Dobek设计太空站的时候，主要专注于宇航员的舒适。故选D．
Passage 8．（2020•六安模拟）
This season， the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land． At least 25 people have been killed and 2000 homes destroyed． According to the BBC， this is the most casualties （伤亡） from wildfires in the country since 2009． The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone．
Zeke Hausfather， an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth， said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season． "The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires． Australia's fires were worsened by the combination of those two． 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia，" Hausfather added on Friday．
Kevin Trenberth， a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research， said warmer ocean temperatures also contributed to more variable weather around the world． Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans， which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places， causing longer rain events in Indonesia， for example， and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia． He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more， it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading． Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer．
Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity of wildfires． How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires． Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property， such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area． Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched （派遣）．
（1）What are the numbers about in Paragraph 1？
A． The causes of Australian fires． B． The results of Australian fires．
C． The damaged areas of Australian fires． D． The property destruction of Australian fires．
（2）Which of the following best explains "susceptible to" in the second paragraph？
A． Very quickly to adapt to． B． Very seriously to focus on．
C． Very easily to be protected against． D． Very likely to be influenced by．
（3）What can we infer from Trenberth's research？
A． Warmer ocean temperatures promote fires spreading．
B． Longer dry weather contributes to global warming．
C． The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising．
D． Global warming is the root cause of the bushfires．
（4）What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph？
A． To provide some advice about reducing damage． B． To show the methods for controlling burns．
C． To predict the seriousness of Australian fires． D． To stress the effects of Australian fires．
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；新媒体阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了澳大利亚森林大火产生的条件和蔓延的原因。
【解答】（1）B.推理判断题.由第一段This season， the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people have been killed and 2000 homes destroyed.这个季节，澳大利亚的丛林大火已经烧毁了超过1235万英亩的土地。至少25人死亡，2000所房屋被毁。可知，本段的数字表明森林大火产生的严重后果。故选B。
（2）D.词句猜测题.由第二段Zeke Hausfather， an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth， said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season.（加州大学伯克利分校地球分校的能源系统分析师和气候研究员泽克•豪萨福尔说，气温升高和极端天气使澳大利亚更容易发生火灾，并延长了火灾季节的长度。）可推测气温升高和极端天气更容易发生火灾，more susceptible to 意为"更容易受到影响"＝Very likely to be influenced by。故选D。
（3）D.推理判断题.由第三段的He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more， it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.（他说，一旦一个地区经历了两个月或更长时间的干旱，它就会增加火灾蔓延和蔓延的风险。那些由于全球变暖而改变的天气使得干旱持续的时间更长。）可推断，全球气候变暖是森林火灾的根本原因。故选D。
（4）B.推理判断题.由第四段Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property， such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area.（控制烧伤等做法和其他因素可影响对人员和财产的风险，如预警系统和特定地区的开发类型。）可知，作者在最后一段介绍控制火灾造成的伤害的方法。故选B。
Passage 9．（2020•泰安模拟）
Sam is a fourth﹣year student at Harvard Medical School，but poetry is still a big part of his life，now with a new teacher，Rafael Campo，who believes poetry can benefit every doctor's education and work．Rafael is a physician，professor and a highly respected poet．
"Poetry is in every encounter（邂逅）with my patients．I think healing is really in a very great way about poetry．And if we do anything when we're with our patients，we're really immersing（使沉浸于）ourselves in their stories，really hearing their voices．And，certainly，that's what a poem does，" he said．
Rafael worries that something important has been lost in medicine and medical education today：humanity，which he finds in poetry．To end that，he leads a weekly reading and writing workshop for medical students and residents（住院医生）．
He thinks medical training focuses too much on distancing the doctor from his or her patients，and poems can help close that gap．
Third﹣year resident Andrea Schwartz was one of the workshop regulars．She said．"I think there's no other profession other than medicine that produces as many writers as it does．And I think that is because there's just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest．" Not everyone believes that's what doctors should do，though．
Rafael said，"I was afraid of how people might judge me，actually．In the medical profession，as many people know，we must always put the emergency first．But，you know，that kind of treatment，if it's happening in the hospital，very regrettably，sadly，results in a bad outcome．The family is sitting by the bedside．The patient hasn't survived the cancer．Don't we still have a role as healers there？"
In a poem titled "Health"，Rafael writes of the wish to live forever in a world made painless by our incurable joy．He says he will continue teaching students，helping patients and writing poems，his own brand of medicine．
（1）What do we know about Rafael Campo？
A．He works as a doctor． B．He is under medical care．
C．He is a literature professor． D．He knows little about poetry．
（2）What does the author try to show in Paragraph 2？
A．The importance of medical training．
B．The effect of poetry in medical treatment．
C．The similarity involved in poetry and medical work．
D．The present relationship between patients and doctors．
（3）What does Andrea Schwartz think of poetry？
A．It comforts patients' family． B．It contributes to medical work．
C．It has nothing to do with doctors． D．It keeps doctors away from patients．
（4）What is Rafael Campo's view on poetry？
A．It requires a lot of spare time． B．It can provide a useful tool for doctors．
C．It has little effect on patients' conditions． D．It should be included in emergency treatments．
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；新闻报道阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是新闻报道．诗歌不只是文人墨客的专属，它还为前赴后继的医护人员带来内心的慰藉，它是医护工作中的润滑剂，是治愈伤痛的"良药"．
【解答】（1）A． 细节理解题．根据第一段中的Rafael is a physician拉斐尔是个医生． 可知Rafael Camp是一名医生．故选A．
（2）C． 文章目的题．根据第二段中的Poetry is in every encounter（邂逅）with my patients诗歌存在于我和病人的每一个邂逅中． 和that's what a poem does诗就是这样的． 可知，作者想通过第二段表达诗歌和医护工作的相通之处．故选C．
（3）B． 推理判断题．根据倒数第三段中的And I think that is because there's just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest．知，Andrea Schwartz 认为诗歌有助于医生和病人之间的互动，医生和病患关系紧密就有助于医疗效果，因此，Andrea Schwanz认为诗歌有利于医疗工作．故选B．
（4）B． 推理判断题．根据第一段中Rafael Campo，who believes poetry can benefit every doctor's education and work．（Rafael Campo认为诗歌可以让每个医生的教育和工作受益）及最后一段中的"He says he will continue teaching students，helping patients and writing poems，his own brand of medicine．（他说他会继续教学生，帮助病人并写诗歌，诗歌是他自己的医药品牌）"由此判断出， Rafael Campo认为诗歌对医生来说是一个有用的工具． 故选B项．
Passage 10．（2020•镇江三模）
Eliud Kipchoge's extraordinary sub﹣two﹣hour marathon in Vienna on Saturday is one of the greatest sporting achievements﹣recording a time that has never been achieved before，again．It is a time on the fringes（边缘）of what scientists believe is humanly possible．
"It is a great feeling to make history in sport after Sir Roger Bannister in 1954．I am the happiest man in the world to be the first human to run under two hours and I can tell people that no human is limited，" Kipchoge said afterwards．
Is he right？Where are the limits of human ability？And how close are we to reaching them？
Raph Brandon，head of science for England cricket，distinguishes between achievements which are constrained（限制）by human anatomy（解剖学），and those which require human determination or skill．
"When Bolt ran 9.58 in Berlin 10 years ago，if you analyse the split times，it's very hard to imagine where the improvement comes from，" said Brandon，"The Usain Bolt 100m or the two﹣hour marathon，they're in that category．"
Multi﹣day，ultra﹣endurance events，such as Thomas's cross﹣Channel swim，are different，Brandon said．
"They need determination，psychology and bloody﹣mindedness to go that little bit further．Those people will continue to do unique things because you're not really taking the body to its anatomical limit．It's more a question of how much you're prepared to consume and exhaust yourself．"
And there's a third category，those sporting endeavours（努力）that rely on hand﹣eye coordination：the goal tallies of Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi，and the batting of Virat Kohli Steve Smith or Don Bradman，who trained by hitting a golf ball with a stump against a wall to become the best batsman ever to play Test cricket．
Equipment has been a factor for many sports．NFL receivers wear gloves that enable them to make improbable one﹣handed catches．The GB cycling team swept the board at the Olympics because of their amazing new clothing tech．
The line between what is fair and unfair is blurry． Kipchoge's sub﹣two﹣hour run will not be officially recognized．He ran behind a car which beamed a green laser on to the ground in front of him．Teams of pacemakers，41 in total，ran in a V﹣formation to protect him from headwinds（逆风）．He wore specially designed shoes and the time and date of the event were picked only after detailed weather forecasting．
Jo Davies，a sport psychologist，says recent studies have shown athletes can push themselves harder because of their perception of exhaustion．
Other research published this year which looked at athletes who had won multiple gold medals found that they were different in several important ways．They had often had a shocking and upsetting life experience and had suffered significant setbacks in their performance during their careers，as well as personality traits of determination，perseverance and perfectionism．
So whether or not those limits have been reached，there will be no shortage of people prepared to try to go beyond them．
（1）Why is Eliud Kipchoge's sub﹣two﹣hour marathon considered extraordinary？
A．It was made in Vienna on a weekend．
B．It pushed the limits of human ability．
C．It proved that there was no boundary of his achievements．
D．It was greater than the record kept by Sir Roger Bannister．
（2）The Usain Bolt 100m and the two﹣hour marathon belong to the same category in that ．
A．they need great determination or skills B．they can be achieved via equipment
C．they rely on hand﹣eye coordination D．they are reaching anatomical limit
（3）Kipchoge's sub﹣two﹣hour marathon will not be officially recognized because ．
A．he was followed by pacemakers B．he was caught in headwinds
C．he got much special help D．he didn't run on the picked day
（4）It can be inferred from the last three paragraphs that ．
A．Jo Davies believes that athletes make progress in the same way
B．anatomical limit prevents athletes from having sad life experience
C．an athlete who has suffered setbacks will win gold medals
D．whether an athlete can succeed or not may depend on himself
【考点】新闻报道类阅读；新闻报道阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道类阅读．文章介绍了埃利乌德基普乔奇周六在维也纳成功进行了长达两小时的马拉松比赛，刷新了人类能力的极限从未有过的记录．这一行为引起了人们的议论，因为基普乔奇借助了许多特别的帮助，他们认为基普乔奇的马拉松比赛不会得到官方认可．
【解答】（1）B． 细节理解题．根据第二段中I am the happiest man in the world to be the first human to run under two hours and I can tell people that no human is limited，我是世界上最快乐的人，我是第一个跑两小时以内的人，我可以告诉人们没有人是有限的，可知，埃利乌德基普乔奇长达两小时的马拉松被认为是非同寻常的，因为它推动了人类能力的极限．故选B项．
（2）D． 细节理解题．根据第五段中The Usain Bolt 100m or the two﹣hour marathon，they're in that category．"尤塞恩博尔特100米或两个小时的马拉松都属于这一项．"可知，尤塞恩博尔特（Usain Bolt）的100米和两个小时的马拉松属于同一类别，因为它们都达到了解剖学上的极限．故选D项．
（3）C． 推理判断题．根据倒数第四段中Kipchoge's sub﹣two﹣hour run will not be officially recognized．He ran behind a car which beamed a green laser on to the ground in front of him．Teams of pacemakers，41 in total，ran in a V﹣formation to protect him from headwinds（逆风）．He wore specially designed shoes and the time and date of the event were picked only after detailed weather forecasting．基普乔奇的不到两小时的跑步将不会得到官方承认．他跟在一辆车后面，那辆车把绿色的激光照射在他前面的地上．总共41支起搏器队伍排成v形队形，以保护他不受逆风影响．他穿着特别设计的鞋子，比赛的时间和日期是在经过详细的天气预报后才确定的．可知，由于得到了很多特别的帮助，基普乔奇长达两小时的马拉松比赛不会得到官方认可．故选C项．
（4）D． 推理判断题．根据倒数第三段Jo Davies，a sport psychologist，says recent studies have shown athletes can push themselves harder because of their perception of exhaustion．运动心理学家乔．戴维斯表示，最近的研究表明，运动员会因为感觉筋疲力尽而更加努力地锻炼自己；倒数第二段中Other research published this year which looked at athletes who had won multiple gold medals found that they were different in several important ways．今年发表的另一项研究对多枚金牌的运动员进行了研究，发现他们在几个重要方面是不同的；最后一段 So whether or not those limits have been reached，there will be no shortage of people prepared to try to go beyond them．因此，无论是否达到了这些限制，都不会缺少准备尝试超越它们的人．可知，从最后三段可以推断出一个运动员能否成功可能取决于他自己．故选D项．
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