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专题04 主旨大意题 重点练-冲刺 高考英语阅读理解专项复习
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这是一份专题04 主旨大意题 重点练-冲刺 高考英语阅读理解专项复习，文件包含冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解第四模块主旨大意题重点练解析卷docx、冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解第四模块主旨大意题重点练原题卷docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共37页， 欢迎下载使用。
Passage 1（2021·陕西高三月考）
Thugh it is nt gd fr us t expse urselves t sunlight fr t lng, allwing urselves apprpriate amunt f expsure t sunlight gives us many benefits and affects us in a number f ways.
Withut the sun, life wuld nt have develped. It gives us energy and heats ur wrld. The sun gives us light and thus in turn we are able t see the beautiful clrs in ur wrld. It makes us feel gd when we feel the warmth f its rays n ur shulders. We stre the energy frm the sun t help build and heat ur huses.
Withut sunlight we wuld nt be able t survive. Sunlight gives balance. All living things live in a fd chain and at the beginning f the fd chain cnies the plant which absrbs sunlight and transfrms light energy int chemical energy ,which will then be absrbed by anther life t be turned int a new kind f energy and s n.
One f the benefits that we can get frm sunlight is that we can receive vitamin D frm sunlight. It helps us t keep a healthy bdy, cntrl the amunt f minerals in the bdy, which is needed t help keep ur bnes and teeth in gd cnditin and helps t keep a well-balanced mind.
Different places n the earth receive varying degrees f sunlight, which will decide the regin's climate. Fr example, the farther away it is frm the equatr （赤道）,the sharper the angle f the sun's rays that reach it, which means that sunlight cverage will be mre spread ut, and receive less heat than lwer latitude（纬度）areas nearer the equatr.
1．Why des sunlight give balance?
A．It helps t pass energy.B．It helps t absrb energy.
C．It helps t frm new lives.D．It helps t prtect new lives.
2．In which aspect can sunlight assist peple?
A．Reducing the amunt f minerals.B．Imprving the nerve system.
C．Keeping the bnes and teeth healthy.D．Obtaining a well-balanced diet.
3．What's the main idea f the last paragraph?
A．Which place is the httest.B．Hw sunlight affects the climate.
C．Hw t get mre sunlight.D．Hw much sunlight a place needs.
4．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Aviding Being Expsed t Sunlight T Lng B．Varying Degrees f Sunlight n the Wrld
C．Benefits f Sunlight n the Wrld D．Making Full Use f Sunlight
Passage 2（2021·宁夏银川市·银川一中高三月考）
As children, many f us dreamed f being treasure hunters when we grew up. Few f us grw up t d this wrk, and thse wh d are ften prfessinal archelgists (考古学家). And then there’s Lara Maiklem, an editr, wh has taken up the hbby f mudlarking, which is a kind f treasure finding, dne alng the banks f rivers.
Maiklem’s idea f “treasure” is self-defined. She says she was blessed with a mther wh really taught her t lk, and t take pleasure in the small things arund her. S fr her, treasure is anything extrardinary. “Finding dry snakeskin in the lng grass, r brken china in the garden bed is like finding treasure t me,” she says.
Abut 20 years ag, Maiklem mved t Lndn, but having grwn up n a farm, she missed the peace f the cuntryside. Then, ne day, she fund herself at the tp f a set f rickety (摇晃的) wden steps lking dwn at the Thames’s freshre. “The tide (潮) was lw and the riverbed was expsed. I went dwn and started t lk abut. That day I fund a shrt piece f clay pipe stem and reasned that there was prbably mre, s I went back n anther lw tide and I fund sme china. Then I fund myself ging there regularly,” she says.
Maiklem says after she’s phtgraphed and researched what she finds, she ften takes bjects back t the freshre f the river. “What I d keep is limited t things I dn’t already have, r better examples f things I already have,” she says.
In tday’s busy, stressful wrld, arguably the best thing treasure mudlarkers take hme is the relaxatin and peace f mind fund in the wrk f mudlarking. “Yu’ re ding a search, yet nt really ding anything s yu can let yur brain wander. I mudlark fr 5-6 hurs, which sunds like a lng time, but the time flies. By the time I leave the freshre the river has taken away my prblems, and that’s mre valuable than treasure,” says Maiklem.
5．What des “treasure” mean t Maiklem?
A．Anything she believes special. B．Anything her mther places arund her.
C．Anything she and her mther take pleasure in. D．Anything archelgists cnsider extrardinary.
6．What des Paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The best place fr mudlarking. B．The typical way f mudlarking.
C．Hw Maiklem gt int mudlarking. D．What mudlarking brught fr Maiklem.
7．Hw des Maiklem usually deal with the things she finds?
A．She cleans them carefully. B．She gives them t phtgraphers.
C．She classifies them as limited editins. D．She gets them back t their riginal places.
8．What is the greatest fun f mudlarking fr Maiklem?
A．Finding special and valuable things. B．Searching fr slutins t prblems.
C．Enjying the beauty f the freshre. D．Gaining a peaceful state f mind.
Passage 3（2021·江苏高三一模）
An afternn nap(午睡)is ne f the jys f life, althugh t much napping culd signal all is nt well. In sme cultures, peple will have a daily nap — this is fine. The warning cmes when peple start sleeping during the daytime, when they did nt befre. There is certainly a gd reasn t believe that daytime sleepiness — as in the Alzheimer's study — can be a marker f an underlying cnditin.
Fr mst peple, napping during the day is mainly a sign that yu are nt getting enugh sleep at night, says Dr. Neil Stanley, a sleep expert. "If yu feel sleepy during the day, yu shuld think abut taking a nap. That is what the bdy needs — it desn't need t be kept awake with caffeine, it needs sleep. "The feeling t ntice is "sleepiness", he says, nt "tiredness", which culd be mre psychlgical and linked t stress.
S hw d yu nap well? The key thing, says Stanley, is hw lng yur nap lasts. Chse either a 20-r 90-minute nap. "When yu fall asleep, yu'll quickly g thrugh the lighter stages f sleep int yur first perid f deep sleep. Yu dn't want t wake up in deep sleep because that's when yu wake and feel wrse than yu did befre. "Napping fr 20 minutes means yu will wake up befre yu g int deep sleep; napping fr 90 minutes means yu'll cmplete a sleep cycle.
Once yu factr in the time it takes t fall asleep — sme peple are better at napping than thers but, says Stanley, "a healthy adult will fall asleep in between 5 and 12 minutes" — yu can set an alarm, allwing a 30- t 40-minute perid fr a shrt nap, and up t tw hurs fr a lnger ne.
A gd time t nap is during the bdy's natural dip in the afternn, between 2 pm and 4 pm. "Yu dn't really want t be napping much past that because then yu are ging t be eating int yur night-time sleep," Stanley says. The pint, he stresses, is t get gd night-time sleep, which wuld ensure yu prbably dn't need t nap at all.
9．What des an afternn nap indicate fr mst peple?
A．Caffeine addictin.B．Psychlgical stress.
C．Insufficient night sleep.D．Ptential physical illness.
10．What is the key t a gd nap?
A．Duratin.B．Surrundings.C．Health.D．Stages.
11．What des the underlined wrd "that" in the last paragraph refer t?
A．A 30- t 40- minute perid.B．Between 2 pm and 4 pm.
C．Between 5 and 12 minutes.D．A 20- t 90-minute perid.
12．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Why t phase a napB．When t take a gd nap
C．What t learn frm a napD．Hw t have a successful nap
Passage 4（2021·吉林延边朝鲜族自治州·高三一模）
Music is the ne incrpreal (无形的) entrance int the higher wrld f knwledge which cmprehends mankind but which mankind cannt cmprehend mankind but which mankind cannt cmprehend,” said famus German pianist and cmpser Ludwig van Beethven. This year marks the 251th anniversary f Beethven's birth n Dec 17,1770 As ne f the fathers f classical music, Beethven was revlutinary, breaking the rules and stretching musical frms t unleash (释放) emtin.
Althugh sme may claim that classical is a dying art nly fr the elites (精英人士)，it is actually alive and well in the mdern era. It's nt uncmmn fr tday's musicians t have grwn up playing classical instruments such as the vilin r pian. Even thse wh dn't play r listen t classical music are likely t have been intrduced t it thrugh mvies and even vide games.
Many r the mst recgnizable names in the music industry have drawn inspiratin frm classical music. UK legendary rck band The Beatles is ne f them. Jhn Lemn, while lying n his cuch listening t his wife play Beethven's Mnlight Snata n the pian, asked her t play it backward and was immediately inspired t write the sng Because. The sng itself is similar t Mnlight Snata with simple, straightfrward lyrics.
This is just ne example. Cuntless musicians have been influenced by Beethven，and classical music as a whle. Recrd prducer Gerge Marin nce said: “They always had enrmus cnfidence that the wrld was theirs fr the taking.” This qute seems t sum up nt nly the mentality f mre mdem era musicians，but that f thse classical artists wh frmed the building blcks f music tday. They were making a bld，grandise (浮夸的) and very innvative statement, nt hlding anything back.
Whether yu're a music schlar r a passive listener, yu can't deny that classical musicians' influence remains strng centuries after the artists have passed. Musicians like Beethven cntinue illustrate their impact n the unifying frce that is music.
13．What is the main idea f the secnd paragraph?
A．Classical music is nt a dying art. B．Classical music becmes less ppular.
C．Tday's musicians still play classical music. D．The classical music audience grws sharply.
14．The authr mentins The Beatles in rder t _______.
A．intrduce the sng Because B．express his lve fr Jhn Lennn
C．shw the charm f Mnlight Snata D．prve the great influence f classical music
15．What des “that” in Paragraph 4 refer t?
A．The quteB．The mentalityC．The cnfidenceD．The mdern era
16．What can we infer abut the writer?
A．He is an elite. B．He is a musician. C．He hates mdem music. D．He thinks highly f classical music.
Passage 5（2021·云南昆明市·昆明一中高三月考）
Mst f the effrts aimed at reducing climate change centering n reducing the use f fssil fuels. But a new study warns that pllutin caused by the wrld’s fd prductin system is als a majr driver f rising temperatures n the planet. The study fund that if the wrld fd system stays n its current grwth path, it will prduce nearly 1.4 trillin tns f greenhuse gases ver the next 80 years. That pllutin is expected t cme frm chemical fertilizers used in agriculture, mismanaged sil, fd waste and methane (甲烷) gas released frm cws and ther animals.
Researchers frm the University f Minnesta and the University f Oxfrd in Britain led the study, which recently appeared in the publicatin Science. The researchers predict that even if fssil fuel emissins (排放) were halted nw, emissins frm the wrld fd system wuld make it impssible t reach current internatinal climate change targets. They say that emissins frm fd prductin alne culd push wrld temperatures past 1.5 degrees Celsius by the middle f this century and abve 2 degrees Celsius by the end f the century.
A main gal f the 2015 United Natins Paris Agreement n climate change is t keep rises in the Earth’s temperature during this century t between 1.5 t 2 degrees Celsius. The U. N. has said that in rder t stay belw the 1.5 Celsius level, emissins must fall at least 7.6 percent each year thrugh 2030.
The new study calls fr immediate imprvements in farming practices, as well as changes in what we eat and hw much fd we waste t help reach the Paris Agreement gals.
17．Which is the pllutin f fd prductin system?
A．The prcess f prducing fd.B．Mismanaged sil by farmers.
C．Harmful gas given ff by vehicles.D．Animals’ wastes used t be fertilizer.
18．What des the underlined wrd mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Imprved.B．Withdrew.
C．Mnitred.D．Quitted.
19．Hw des the writer develp the passage?
A．By making a cmparisn.B．By presenting data.
C．By giving examples.D．By taking n arguments.
20．What is the best title f the passage?
A．The Cnnectin f Agriculture and Pllutin
B．Say n t the Pllutin f Wrld’s Fd Prductin System
C．Fd Prductin System, a Majr Cause f Glbal Warming
D．Fssil Fuel Emissin, the Cnsequence f Temperature Rising
Passage 6（2021·湖南永州市·高三二模）
A calrie deficit is a state in which yu burn mre calries than yu cnsume. As ne f the mst ppular appraches f lsing weight, hw des it wrk? Fr example, if yu burn 2,500 calries per day but nly eat 2,000，yu have created a deficit f 500 calries per day. There is mathematical certainty. But, this by n means tells the whle stry abut hw calries deficit affects ur lives.
Befre wndering what a calrie deficit is, it’s prbably best t learn what a calrie is. A calrie is a unit that we use t track ur bdy’s energy expenditure (消耗) and strage. In rder t just stay alive, human beings (and animals) burn calries. This means, even befre we perfrm any activity, ur bdies are already using energy (measured in calries) t keep us alive. Arund 70% f the calries we cnsume are spent n just keeping ur vital rgans running. Thus, if a persn cnsumes calries far mre less than needed t lk thin，it may have negative effects n the bdy.
When peple pick up a calrie deficit, they ften merely nte that the calrie math is irrefutable (无可辩驳的). The questin here is that nt all calries are the same. If yu eat a few bags f ptat chip wrth f calries t supprt the calrie intake needed t maintain r cut dwn n yur weight, it will wrk. But, this desn’t have the same effect n yur bdy and verall health as a balanced nutritinal meal cntaining the same amunt f calries.
It seems like a simple unit f energy has becme an bject f ur sciety’s bsessin. It needn't be that way. Remember, calrie deficits are just a tl, which serves a purpse in lsing sme weight and keeping track f yur calrie intake seems simple enugh.
21．What d we knw abut the calrie deficit?
A．It helps peple lse weight. B．It is a way f ding exercises.
C．It affects peple's lives psitively. D．It means the calries peple cnsume.
22．Which f the fllwing statements can be learned in Paragraph 2?
A．A calrie is a unit t stre daily energy. B．Peple need t burn calries t be alive.
C．Calrie intake is t keep ur rgans perating. D．Living animals nly burn calries after activities.
23．What is suggested fr peple t lse weight healthily?
A．Fcusing n the calrie math when eating.
B．Fcusing n different calries when eating.
C．Having bags f ptat chips cntaining enugh calries.
D．Having balanced nutritinal diets cntaining prper calries.
24．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Influences f calrie deficits.B．Appraches t lse weight.
C．Distinctins between calries.D．Ways t track calrie intake.
Passage 7 （2021·湖南永州市·高三二模）
When it cmes t understanding hw anther persn thinks and feels, it might be best t clse yur eyes and listen. A study by Michael Kraus, a scial psychlgist at Yale University, suggests that peple are better able t pick up n the emtins f thers when simply fcusing n their vice, cmpared with bth watching and listening t them, r just watching them.
The study was published in the jurnal American Psychlgist. It described a series f five experiments invlving mre than 1,770 participants wh were asked t rate hw anther persn felt using a series f scenes reflecting different emtins. Amng the experiments, 266 strangers were paired up. They were asked t discuss film and TV then fd and drink in bth a lighted rm and a rm with the lights ff. In each case, participants then rated their wn emtins and thse f their partner n a series f scenes. The results revealed that participants were better able t accurately estimate their partner’s feelings when the lights were ff.
Ray Wilkinsn, prfessr f human cmmunicatin at the University f Sheffield, said that the study was interesting. But he nted that the findings were based an experimental situatins that might nt reflect “real life” interactins, Wilkinsn added, “While the cntent f a persn's speech is, unsurprisingly, imprtant, ther researches have fund that gestures can help t get a pint acrss.”
Wilkinsn cntinued with the idea that the “true” emtin is prblematic. As verbal and facial cues (暗示) might ffer a different message, which thus leads t a different emtin, the s-called “true” emtin can be part f what we are wanting t cnvey. In ther wrds, it depends what the ‘true’ emtin is, fr that in itself can be a rather cntrversial cncept.
25．Hw can peple better understand thers' emtins?
A．By just watching them. B．By simply listening t them.
C．By just crrespnding t them. D．By bth watching and listening t them.
26．What's the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．Lights influencing participants' emtins.
B．Participants rating partners’ different emtins.
C．A study describing five experiments cncerning emtins.
D．Experiments discussing film and TV and fd in the rm.
27．What is Ray Wilkinsn's attitude twards the research?
A．Tlerant.B．Ambiguus.
C．Favrable.D．Skeptical.
28．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．The true emtin can be easily judged. B．Facial cues will cnvey the true emtin.
C．Verbal cues can definitely shw the true emtin. D．The true emtin may nt be reflected thrughly.
Passage 8（2021·辽宁高三月考）
Many studies have shwn that getting mre exercise is gd fr ur brain. But can it happen the ther way arund? Can wrking n elevating md help us t exercise mre? The answer t this questin is psitive.
A study cnducted by Emmns and McCullugh frmed three grups. One grup was tld t jurnal nce a week and list 5 things that happened during the week that they were grateful fr. Anther grup was tld t jurnal nce a week and list 5 things that had been a prblem fr them. A third grup was tld t jurnal nce a week abut 5 things that affected them, but were nt given instructin as t whether they shuld be psitive r negative.
After 10 weeks, the grup that had fcused n gratitude ended up 25%happier than the ther tw grups. Astnishingly, the gratitude grup als exercised almst 1. 5 hurs lnger per week than the ther grups.
Daniel Amen, in his bk, Change Yur Brain, Change Yur Life, ntes that emtinal tagging f events is critical t survival. If we tag an event negatively, it can cause an avidance respnse. If we tag an event psitively, it can drive us t actin.
Apparently, ur survival is mre dependent n being able t perceive a threat t ur being, rather than ntice that smething gd is happening. Fcusing n the negative can cause us t lse sight f the big picture.
Jnathan Haidt, in his bk The Happiness Hypthesis, explains that nce we take a negative stance, we lk fr evidence that supprts it. If we find sme evidence-enugh s that ur psitin makes sense-we stp thinking. When this happens, ften peple will nt start a change f thinking fr themselves.
Jnathan Haidt ntes that gratitude increases ne's sense f cntrl ver a situatin. A sense f cntrl can bring abut an increase in actin, energy, and happiness. This can translate int sustained ptimism, the ability t cnsider new ptins, set new gals, and, yes, even exercise mre.
29．What were the three grups in Emmns and McCullugh's study asked t d?
A．Write five things dwnB．Take exercise regularly
C．Fcus n being thankfulD．Express their true feelings
30．Why is emtinal tagging significant?
A．It prtects us frm negative emtins.B．It allws us t think in a psitive way.
C．It tells us hw t manage ur feelings.D．It determines hw we respnd t events.
31．Hw can being grateful benefit us accrding t Jnathan Haidt?
A．It helps us t get rid f unrealistic gals.B．We feel situatins are mre cntrllable.
C．It is a great way t stp thinking t much.D．We will regard everything arund wnderful.
32．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Changing Thinking Mdel Is NecessaryB．Staying Optimistic Brings Active Thinking
C．Wrking Out Regularly Is Gd fr Our BrainD．Being Grateful Mtivates Us t Exercise Mre
Passage 9（2021·湖北武汉市·高三月考）
Killer whales, r rcas, are knwn fr their severe attacks n sea animals but they have never psed a threat t humans. Hwever, since late July, the nrmally scial animals have been intentinally attacking sailbats ff the casts f Spain and Prtugal.
The strange behavir first surfaced n July 29, 2020, when a 46-ft bat was repeatedly attacked fr almst an hur by nine rcas, causing the bat t rtate(旋转) 180 degrees and having its engine switched ff. Since then, ver 30 mre similar incidents have been reprted. On September 23, 2020, Spain's gvernment banned bats f less than 50 feet in length frm sailing in the 60-mile stretch f the Atlantic castline between Ferrl and the Estaca de Bares Cape, where the attacks have been ccurring.
Researchers acrss the wrld are trying t explain the rcas' behavir. Sme believe it culd be a result f the verfishing f the bluefish tuna - the rcas' primary fd surce -which has left the area's killer whales starving and unable t feed their babies. "I saw them lk at bats carrying fish. I think they knw humans are smehw related t fd shrtages, "says Ken Balcmb, senir scientist at the Center fr Whale Research in Washingtn, USA．The envirnmentalists believe the sudden increase in bat traffic and fishing activities, after mnths f absence due t restrictins n human activity last spring, culd als be cntributing t the agitatin.
Hwever, Alfred López, a bilgy prfessr in Galicia, Spain, thinks the attacks are defensive measures the rcas adpted t prtect themselves against bat injuries. The researcher came t this cnclusin after lking at the f the vides f a few incidents and nticing that tw f the yung killer whales invlved had serius injuries. Hpefully, the experts will be able t find a way t restre the harmny between the animals and the humans sn.
33．What d we knw abut rcas in paragraph 1?
A．They are friendly t humans.B．They have changed their behavir.
C．They are famus fr hunting skillsD．They have met tugh living cnditins.
34．Wh hld(s) the idea that fishing activities caused the incidents?
A．Ken Balcmb.B．The envirnmentalists.
C．Alfred López.D．Spain's gvernment.
35．What des the underlined wrd "the agitatin" in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．The attacks.B．Fd shrtages.C．The verfishing.D．Human activities.
36．What might be a suitable title fr this text?
A．Hw d killer whales attack humans? B．Why Are Killer Whales attacking Bats?
C．Hw can we live in harmny with animals? D．Why are bats banned frm sailing n the sea?
Passage 10 （2021·安徽安庆市·高三一模）
Research is dne all the time and mst f it ges straight by us, but smetimes we cme acrss sme results that are t interesting nt t share. It can be fun t find ut abut new facts, but smetimes yu cme acrss things yu’d rather nt have knwn. Luckily, we’ve gt sme fun facts fr yu tday! It turns ut that yur hand can tell yu a lt abut yur persnality. It’s really quite strange. This research mstly fcuses n yur fingers.
The secret lies in yur ring finger and index finger（食指）. It can say a lt abut what kind f man yu are. Yes, this test nly applies t men because the length f these fingers indicates the level f teststerne（睾酮）in men. There are three types: A, B and C．
A．The ring finger is lnger than the index finger
We’re talking abut handsme men here. They’re charming and can get alng with everyne. Yet they are a little mre aggressive and are quick t take risks. This als means that these peple ften make mre mney than their clleagues with a shrter ring finger.
B．The ring finger is shrter than the index finger
Men with these hands are very cnfident and can even be a little self-lving. These peple have n truble being alne ften and dn’t like being disturbed. When it cmes t lve, they d nt take a risk ut there a lt. They’re nt the nes t make the first mve.
C．The ring finger and index finger are the same lengths
Maybe this says enugh already. Men with these hands are gd mediatrs（调停者）, devted and lving. Everything is balanced with these peple. They’re calm and everything seems t run smthly, as if it’s all rganised.
37．Why des the authr think the hands are strange?
A．We knw nthing abut them.B．Bth the hands are different.
C．They can let ut the persnality.D．Sme facts abut them are fun.
38．What makes the research just apply t men?
A．The length f the fingers.B．The existence f teststerne.
C．The ability t handle things.D．The requirement f patience.
39．What is special abut the men belnging t Type B?
A．They are attractive.B．They are cnfident.
C．They are devted.D．They are aggressive.
40．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．The new use f the fingersB．The latest research int the hands
C．The three categries f the fingersD．The secret f ring and index fingers
Passage 1（2021·陕西高三月考）
Thugh it is nt gd fr us t expse urselves t sunlight fr t lng, allwing urselves apprpriate amunt f expsure t sunlight gives us many benefits and affects us in a number f ways.
Withut the sun, life wuld nt have develped. It gives us energy and heats ur wrld. The sun gives us light and thus in turn we are able t see the beautiful clrs in ur wrld. It makes us feel gd when we feel the warmth f its rays n ur shulders. We stre the energy frm the sun t help build and heat ur huses.
Withut sunlight we wuld nt be able t survive. Sunlight gives balance. All living things live in a fd chain and at the beginning f the fd chain cnies the plant which absrbs sunlight and transfrms light energy int chemical energy ,which will then be absrbed by anther life t be turned int a new kind f energy and s n.
One f the benefits that we can get frm sunlight is that we can receive vitamin D frm sunlight. It helps us t keep a healthy bdy, cntrl the amunt f minerals in the bdy, which is needed t help keep ur bnes and teeth in gd cnditin and helps t keep a well-balanced mind.
Different places n the earth receive varying degrees f sunlight, which will decide the regin's climate. Fr example, the farther away it is frm the equatr （赤道）,the sharper the angle f the sun's rays that reach it, which means that sunlight cverage will be mre spread ut, and receive less heat than lwer latitude（纬度）areas nearer the equatr.
1．Why des sunlight give balance?
A．It helps t pass energy.B．It helps t absrb energy.
C．It helps t frm new lives.D．It helps t prtect new lives.
2．In which aspect can sunlight assist peple?
A．Reducing the amunt f minerals.B．Imprving the nerve system.
C．Keeping the bnes and teeth healthy.D．Obtaining a well-balanced diet.
3．What's the main idea f the last paragraph?
A．Which place is the httest.B．Hw sunlight affects the climate.
C．Hw t get mre sunlight.D．Hw much sunlight a place needs.
4．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Aviding Being Expsed t Sunlight T Lng B．Varying Degrees f Sunlight n the Wrld
C．Benefits f Sunlight n the Wrld D．Making Full Use f Sunlight
Passage 2（2021·宁夏银川市·银川一中高三月考）
As children, many f us dreamed f being treasure hunters when we grew up. Few f us grw up t d this wrk, and thse wh d are ften prfessinal archelgists (考古学家). And then there’s Lara Maiklem, an editr, wh has taken up the hbby f mudlarking, which is a kind f treasure finding, dne alng the banks f rivers.
Maiklem’s idea f “treasure” is self-defined. She says she was blessed with a mther wh really taught her t lk, and t take pleasure in the small things arund her. S fr her, treasure is anything extrardinary. “Finding dry snakeskin in the lng grass, r brken china in the garden bed is like finding treasure t me,” she says.
Abut 20 years ag, Maiklem mved t Lndn, but having grwn up n a farm, she missed the peace f the cuntryside. Then, ne day, she fund herself at the tp f a set f rickety (摇晃的) wden steps lking dwn at the Thames’s freshre. “The tide (潮) was lw and the riverbed was expsed. I went dwn and started t lk abut. That day I fund a shrt piece f clay pipe stem and reasned that there was prbably mre, s I went back n anther lw tide and I fund sme china. Then I fund myself ging there regularly,” she says.
Maiklem says after she’s phtgraphed and researched what she finds, she ften takes bjects back t the freshre f the river. “What I d keep is limited t things I dn’t already have, r better examples f things I already have,” she says.
In tday’s busy, stressful wrld, arguably the best thing treasure mudlarkers take hme is the relaxatin and peace f mind fund in the wrk f mudlarking. “Yu’ re ding a search, yet nt really ding anything s yu can let yur brain wander. I mudlark fr 5-6 hurs, which sunds like a lng time, but the time flies. By the time I leave the freshre the river has taken away my prblems, and that’s mre valuable than treasure,” says Maiklem.
5．What des “treasure” mean t Maiklem?
A．Anything she believes special. B．Anything her mther places arund her.
C．Anything she and her mther take pleasure in. D．Anything archelgists cnsider extrardinary.
6．What des Paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The best place fr mudlarking. B．The typical way f mudlarking.
C．Hw Maiklem gt int mudlarking. D．What mudlarking brught fr Maiklem.
7．Hw des Maiklem usually deal with the things she finds?
A．She cleans them carefully. B．She gives them t phtgraphers.
C．She classifies them as limited editins. D．She gets them back t their riginal places.
8．What is the greatest fun f mudlarking fr Maiklem?
A．Finding special and valuable things. B．Searching fr slutins t prblems.
C．Enjying the beauty f the freshre. D．Gaining a peaceful state f mind.
Passage 3（2021·江苏高三一模）
An afternn nap(午睡)is ne f the jys f life, althugh t much napping culd signal all is nt well. In sme cultures, peple will have a daily nap — this is fine. The warning cmes when peple start sleeping during the daytime, when they did nt befre. There is certainly a gd reasn t believe that daytime sleepiness — as in the Alzheimer's study — can be a marker f an underlying cnditin.
Fr mst peple, napping during the day is mainly a sign that yu are nt getting enugh sleep at night, says Dr. Neil Stanley, a sleep expert. "If yu feel sleepy during the day, yu shuld think abut taking a nap. That is what the bdy needs — it desn't need t be kept awake with caffeine, it needs sleep. "The feeling t ntice is "sleepiness", he says, nt "tiredness", which culd be mre psychlgical and linked t stress.
S hw d yu nap well? The key thing, says Stanley, is hw lng yur nap lasts. Chse either a 20-r 90-minute nap. "When yu fall asleep, yu'll quickly g thrugh the lighter stages f sleep int yur first perid f deep sleep. Yu dn't want t wake up in deep sleep because that's when yu wake and feel wrse than yu did befre. "Napping fr 20 minutes means yu will wake up befre yu g int deep sleep; napping fr 90 minutes means yu'll cmplete a sleep cycle.
Once yu factr in the time it takes t fall asleep — sme peple are better at napping than thers but, says Stanley, "a healthy adult will fall asleep in between 5 and 12 minutes" — yu can set an alarm, allwing a 30- t 40-minute perid fr a shrt nap, and up t tw hurs fr a lnger ne.
A gd time t nap is during the bdy's natural dip in the afternn, between 2 pm and 4 pm. "Yu dn't really want t be napping much past that because then yu are ging t be eating int yur night-time sleep," Stanley says. The pint, he stresses, is t get gd night-time sleep, which wuld ensure yu prbably dn't need t nap at all.
9．What des an afternn nap indicate fr mst peple?
A．Caffeine addictin.B．Psychlgical stress.
C．Insufficient night sleep.D．Ptential physical illness.
10．What is the key t a gd nap?
A．Duratin.B．Surrundings.C．Health.D．Stages.
11．What des the underlined wrd "that" in the last paragraph refer t?
A．A 30- t 40- minute perid.B．Between 2 pm and 4 pm.
C．Between 5 and 12 minutes.D．A 20- t 90-minute perid.
12．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Why t phase a napB．When t take a gd nap
C．What t learn frm a napD．Hw t have a successful nap
Passage 4（2021·吉林延边朝鲜族自治州·高三一模）
Music is the ne incrpreal (无形的) entrance int the higher wrld f knwledge which cmprehends mankind but which mankind cannt cmprehend mankind but which mankind cannt cmprehend,” said famus German pianist and cmpser Ludwig van Beethven. This year marks the 251th anniversary f Beethven's birth n Dec 17,1770 As ne f the fathers f classical music, Beethven was revlutinary, breaking the rules and stretching musical frms t unleash (释放) emtin.
Althugh sme may claim that classical is a dying art nly fr the elites (精英人士)，it is actually alive and well in the mdern era. It's nt uncmmn fr tday's musicians t have grwn up playing classical instruments such as the vilin r pian. Even thse wh dn't play r listen t classical music are likely t have been intrduced t it thrugh mvies and even vide games.
Many r the mst recgnizable names in the music industry have drawn inspiratin frm classical music. UK legendary rck band The Beatles is ne f them. Jhn Lemn, while lying n his cuch listening t his wife play Beethven's Mnlight Snata n the pian, asked her t play it backward and was immediately inspired t write the sng Because. The sng itself is similar t Mnlight Snata with simple, straightfrward lyrics.
This is just ne example. Cuntless musicians have been influenced by Beethven，and classical music as a whle. Recrd prducer Gerge Marin nce said: “They always had enrmus cnfidence that the wrld was theirs fr the taking.” This qute seems t sum up nt nly the mentality f mre mdem era musicians，but that f thse classical artists wh frmed the building blcks f music tday. They were making a bld，grandise (浮夸的) and very innvative statement, nt hlding anything back.
Whether yu're a music schlar r a passive listener, yu can't deny that classical musicians' influence remains strng centuries after the artists have passed. Musicians like Beethven cntinue illustrate their impact n the unifying frce that is music.
13．What is the main idea f the secnd paragraph?
A．Classical music is nt a dying art. B．Classical music becmes less ppular.
C．Tday's musicians still play classical music. D．The classical music audience grws sharply.
14．The authr mentins The Beatles in rder t _______.
A．intrduce the sng Because B．express his lve fr Jhn Lennn
C．shw the charm f Mnlight Snata D．prve the great influence f classical music
15．What des “that” in Paragraph 4 refer t?
A．The quteB．The mentalityC．The cnfidenceD．The mdern era
16．What can we infer abut the writer?
A．He is an elite. B．He is a musician. C．He hates mdem music. D．He thinks highly f classical music.
Passage 5（2021·云南昆明市·昆明一中高三月考）
Mst f the effrts aimed at reducing climate change centering n reducing the use f fssil fuels. But a new study warns that pllutin caused by the wrld’s fd prductin system is als a majr driver f rising temperatures n the planet. The study fund that if the wrld fd system stays n its current grwth path, it will prduce nearly 1.4 trillin tns f greenhuse gases ver the next 80 years. That pllutin is expected t cme frm chemical fertilizers used in agriculture, mismanaged sil, fd waste and methane (甲烷) gas released frm cws and ther animals.
Researchers frm the University f Minnesta and the University f Oxfrd in Britain led the study, which recently appeared in the publicatin Science. The researchers predict that even if fssil fuel emissins (排放) were halted nw, emissins frm the wrld fd system wuld make it impssible t reach current internatinal climate change targets. They say that emissins frm fd prductin alne culd push wrld temperatures past 1.5 degrees Celsius by the middle f this century and abve 2 degrees Celsius by the end f the century.
A main gal f the 2015 United Natins Paris Agreement n climate change is t keep rises in the Earth’s temperature during this century t between 1.5 t 2 degrees Celsius. The U. N. has said that in rder t stay belw the 1.5 Celsius level, emissins must fall at least 7.6 percent each year thrugh 2030.
The new study calls fr immediate imprvements in farming practices, as well as changes in what we eat and hw much fd we waste t help reach the Paris Agreement gals.
17．Which is the pllutin f fd prductin system?
A．The prcess f prducing fd.B．Mismanaged sil by farmers.
C．Harmful gas given ff by vehicles.D．Animals’ wastes used t be fertilizer.
18．What des the underlined wrd mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Imprved.B．Withdrew.
C．Mnitred.D．Quitted.
19．Hw des the writer develp the passage?
A．By making a cmparisn.B．By presenting data.
C．By giving examples.D．By taking n arguments.
20．What is the best title f the passage?
A．The Cnnectin f Agriculture and Pllutin
B．Say n t the Pllutin f Wrld’s Fd Prductin System
C．Fd Prductin System, a Majr Cause f Glbal Warming
D．Fssil Fuel Emissin, the Cnsequence f Temperature Rising
Passage 6（2021·湖南永州市·高三二模）
A calrie deficit is a state in which yu burn mre calries than yu cnsume. As ne f the mst ppular appraches f lsing weight, hw des it wrk? Fr example, if yu burn 2,500 calries per day but nly eat 2,000，yu have created a deficit f 500 calries per day. There is mathematical certainty. But, this by n means tells the whle stry abut hw calries deficit affects ur lives.
Befre wndering what a calrie deficit is, it’s prbably best t learn what a calrie is. A calrie is a unit that we use t track ur bdy’s energy expenditure (消耗) and strage. In rder t just stay alive, human beings (and animals) burn calries. This means, even befre we perfrm any activity, ur bdies are already using energy (measured in calries) t keep us alive. Arund 70% f the calries we cnsume are spent n just keeping ur vital rgans running. Thus, if a persn cnsumes calries far mre less than needed t lk thin，it may have negative effects n the bdy.
When peple pick up a calrie deficit, they ften merely nte that the calrie math is irrefutable (无可辩驳的). The questin here is that nt all calries are the same. If yu eat a few bags f ptat chip wrth f calries t supprt the calrie intake needed t maintain r cut dwn n yur weight, it will wrk. But, this desn’t have the same effect n yur bdy and verall health as a balanced nutritinal meal cntaining the same amunt f calries.
It seems like a simple unit f energy has becme an bject f ur sciety’s bsessin. It needn't be that way. Remember, calrie deficits are just a tl, which serves a purpse in lsing sme weight and keeping track f yur calrie intake seems simple enugh.
21．What d we knw abut the calrie deficit?
A．It helps peple lse weight. B．It is a way f ding exercises.
C．It affects peple's lives psitively. D．It means the calries peple cnsume.
22．Which f the fllwing statements can be learned in Paragraph 2?
A．A calrie is a unit t stre daily energy. B．Peple need t burn calries t be alive.
C．Calrie intake is t keep ur rgans perating. D．Living animals nly burn calries after activities.
23．What is suggested fr peple t lse weight healthily?
A．Fcusing n the calrie math when eating.
B．Fcusing n different calries when eating.
C．Having bags f ptat chips cntaining enugh calries.
D．Having balanced nutritinal diets cntaining prper calries.
24．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Influences f calrie deficits.B．Appraches t lse weight.
C．Distinctins between calries.D．Ways t track calrie intake.
Passage 7 （2021·湖南永州市·高三二模）
When it cmes t understanding hw anther persn thinks and feels, it might be best t clse yur eyes and listen. A study by Michael Kraus, a scial psychlgist at Yale University, suggests that peple are better able t pick up n the emtins f thers when simply fcusing n their vice, cmpared with bth watching and listening t them, r just watching them.
The study was published in the jurnal American Psychlgist. It described a series f five experiments invlving mre than 1,770 participants wh were asked t rate hw anther persn felt using a series f scenes reflecting different emtins. Amng the experiments, 266 strangers were paired up. They were asked t discuss film and TV then fd and drink in bth a lighted rm and a rm with the lights ff. In each case, participants then rated their wn emtins and thse f their partner n a series f scenes. The results revealed that participants were better able t accurately estimate their partner’s feelings when the lights were ff.
Ray Wilkinsn, prfessr f human cmmunicatin at the University f Sheffield, said that the study was interesting. But he nted that the findings were based an experimental situatins that might nt reflect “real life” interactins, Wilkinsn added, “While the cntent f a persn's speech is, unsurprisingly, imprtant, ther researches have fund that gestures can help t get a pint acrss.”
Wilkinsn cntinued with the idea that the “true” emtin is prblematic. As verbal and facial cues (暗示) might ffer a different message, which thus leads t a different emtin, the s-called “true” emtin can be part f what we are wanting t cnvey. In ther wrds, it depends what the ‘true’ emtin is, fr that in itself can be a rather cntrversial cncept.
25．Hw can peple better understand thers' emtins?
A．By just watching them. B．By simply listening t them.
C．By just crrespnding t them. D．By bth watching and listening t them.
26．What's the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．Lights influencing participants' emtins.
B．Participants rating partners’ different emtins.
C．A study describing five experiments cncerning emtins.
D．Experiments discussing film and TV and fd in the rm.
27．What is Ray Wilkinsn's attitude twards the research?
A．Tlerant.B．Ambiguus.
C．Favrable.D．Skeptical.
28．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．The true emtin can be easily judged. B．Facial cues will cnvey the true emtin.
C．Verbal cues can definitely shw the true emtin. D．The true emtin may nt be reflected thrughly.
Passage 8（2021·辽宁高三月考）
Many studies have shwn that getting mre exercise is gd fr ur brain. But can it happen the ther way arund? Can wrking n elevating md help us t exercise mre? The answer t this questin is psitive.
A study cnducted by Emmns and McCullugh frmed three grups. One grup was tld t jurnal nce a week and list 5 things that happened during the week that they were grateful fr. Anther grup was tld t jurnal nce a week and list 5 things that had been a prblem fr them. A third grup was tld t jurnal nce a week abut 5 things that affected them, but were nt given instructin as t whether they shuld be psitive r negative.
After 10 weeks, the grup that had fcused n gratitude ended up 25%happier than the ther tw grups. Astnishingly, the gratitude grup als exercised almst 1. 5 hurs lnger per week than the ther grups.
Daniel Amen, in his bk, Change Yur Brain, Change Yur Life, ntes that emtinal tagging f events is critical t survival. If we tag an event negatively, it can cause an avidance respnse. If we tag an event psitively, it can drive us t actin.
Apparently, ur survival is mre dependent n being able t perceive a threat t ur being, rather than ntice that smething gd is happening. Fcusing n the negative can cause us t lse sight f the big picture.
Jnathan Haidt, in his bk The Happiness Hypthesis, explains that nce we take a negative stance, we lk fr evidence that supprts it. If we find sme evidence-enugh s that ur psitin makes sense-we stp thinking. When this happens, ften peple will nt start a change f thinking fr themselves.
Jnathan Haidt ntes that gratitude increases ne's sense f cntrl ver a situatin. A sense f cntrl can bring abut an increase in actin, energy, and happiness. This can translate int sustained ptimism, the ability t cnsider new ptins, set new gals, and, yes, even exercise mre.
29．What were the three grups in Emmns and McCullugh's study asked t d?
A．Write five things dwnB．Take exercise regularly
C．Fcus n being thankfulD．Express their true feelings
30．Why is emtinal tagging significant?
A．It prtects us frm negative emtins.B．It allws us t think in a psitive way.
C．It tells us hw t manage ur feelings.D．It determines hw we respnd t events.
31．Hw can being grateful benefit us accrding t Jnathan Haidt?
A．It helps us t get rid f unrealistic gals.B．We feel situatins are mre cntrllable.
C．It is a great way t stp thinking t much.D．We will regard everything arund wnderful.
32．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Changing Thinking Mdel Is NecessaryB．Staying Optimistic Brings Active Thinking
C．Wrking Out Regularly Is Gd fr Our BrainD．Being Grateful Mtivates Us t Exercise Mre
Passage 9（2021·湖北武汉市·高三月考）
Killer whales, r rcas, are knwn fr their severe attacks n sea animals but they have never psed a threat t humans. Hwever, since late July, the nrmally scial animals have been intentinally attacking sailbats ff the casts f Spain and Prtugal.
The strange behavir first surfaced n July 29, 2020, when a 46-ft bat was repeatedly attacked fr almst an hur by nine rcas, causing the bat t rtate(旋转) 180 degrees and having its engine switched ff. Since then, ver 30 mre similar incidents have been reprted. On September 23, 2020, Spain's gvernment banned bats f less than 50 feet in length frm sailing in the 60-mile stretch f the Atlantic castline between Ferrl and the Estaca de Bares Cape, where the attacks have been ccurring.
Researchers acrss the wrld are trying t explain the rcas' behavir. Sme believe it culd be a result f the verfishing f the bluefish tuna - the rcas' primary fd surce -which has left the area's killer whales starving and unable t feed their babies. "I saw them lk at bats carrying fish. I think they knw humans are smehw related t fd shrtages, "says Ken Balcmb, senir scientist at the Center fr Whale Research in Washingtn, USA．The envirnmentalists believe the sudden increase in bat traffic and fishing activities, after mnths f absence due t restrictins n human activity last spring, culd als be cntributing t the agitatin.
Hwever, Alfred López, a bilgy prfessr in Galicia, Spain, thinks the attacks are defensive measures the rcas adpted t prtect themselves against bat injuries. The researcher came t this cnclusin after lking at the f the vides f a few incidents and nticing that tw f the yung killer whales invlved had serius injuries. Hpefully, the experts will be able t find a way t restre the harmny between the animals and the humans sn.
33．What d we knw abut rcas in paragraph 1?
A．They are friendly t humans.B．They have changed their behavir.
C．They are famus fr hunting skillsD．They have met tugh living cnditins.
34．Wh hld(s) the idea that fishing activities caused the incidents?
A．Ken Balcmb.B．The envirnmentalists.
C．Alfred López.D．Spain's gvernment.
35．What des the underlined wrd "the agitatin" in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．The attacks.B．Fd shrtages.C．The verfishing.D．Human activities.
36．What might be a suitable title fr this text?
A．Hw d killer whales attack humans? B．Why Are Killer Whales attacking Bats?
C．Hw can we live in harmny with animals? D．Why are bats banned frm sailing n the sea?
Passage 10 （2021·安徽安庆市·高三一模）
Research is dne all the time and mst f it ges straight by us, but smetimes we cme acrss sme results that are t interesting nt t share. It can be fun t find ut abut new facts, but smetimes yu cme acrss things yu’d rather nt have knwn. Luckily, we’ve gt sme fun facts fr yu tday! It turns ut that yur hand can tell yu a lt abut yur persnality. It’s really quite strange. This research mstly fcuses n yur fingers.
The secret lies in yur ring finger and index finger（食指）. It can say a lt abut what kind f man yu are. Yes, this test nly applies t men because the length f these fingers indicates the level f teststerne（睾酮）in men. There are three types: A, B and C．
A．The ring finger is lnger than the index finger
We’re talking abut handsme men here. They’re charming and can get alng with everyne. Yet they are a little mre aggressive and are quick t take risks. This als means that these peple ften make mre mney than their clleagues with a shrter ring finger.
B．The ring finger is shrter than the index finger
Men with these hands are very cnfident and can even be a little self-lving. These peple have n truble being alne ften and dn’t like being disturbed. When it cmes t lve, they d nt take a risk ut there a lt. They’re nt the nes t make the first mve.
C．The ring finger and index finger are the same lengths
Maybe this says enugh already. Men with these hands are gd mediatrs（调停者）, devted and lving. Everything is balanced with these peple. They’re calm and everything seems t run smthly, as if it’s all rganised.
37．Why des the authr think the hands are strange?
A．We knw nthing abut them.B．Bth the hands are different.
C．They can let ut the persnality.D．Sme facts abut them are fun.
38．What makes the research just apply t men?
A．The length f the fingers.B．The existence f teststerne.
C．The ability t handle things.D．The requirement f patience.
39．What is special abut the men belnging t Type B?
A．They are attractive.B．They are cnfident.
C．They are devted.D．They are aggressive.
40．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．The new use f the fingersB．The latest research int the hands
C．The three categries f the fingersD．The secret f ring and index fingers
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