专题08 历史文化类阅读-冲刺 高考英语阅读理解专项复习

这是一份专题08 历史文化类阅读-冲刺 高考英语阅读理解专项复习，文件包含冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解第八模块历史文化类阅读解析卷docx、冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解第八模块历史文化类阅读原题卷docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共41页， 欢迎下载使用。

Passage 1．（2021•乐山模拟）
Lking arund yur city， it may be hard t imagine that there might be a time when it will disappear. But that's exactly what happened t these cmmunities.
Hashima Island， Japan
Hashima Island was frmerly ne f the mst ppulated cities in the wrld. The 6 hectare island prvided jbs t mre than 5000 peple， many f whm made their living at the island's underwater cal mines. When the mines were clsed， Hashima Island was abandned.
Cnsnn， Italy
Cnsnn was a tiny twn with a ppulatin f less than 300 and rts dating back t the middle ages. Then Mari Bagn came alng and decided t turn the area int the Las Vegas f Italy. He kncked dwn nearly every building. Then landslide struck， burying the access rad and the prject was never finished. Tday， Cnsnn has been abandned.
Eastern Settlement， Greenland
Eastern Settlement in Greenland isn't just an abandned city， it's als a mystery. Once the mst ppulated area in Greenland， the area was abandned and n ne knws why. The last knwn writings frm the area applied t a wedding in 1408 and ffered n clues. It remains ne f many ancient mysteries researchers can't explain.
Try， Turkey
Try was regarded immrtal （不朽的）in Hmer's epic pem，The Iliad. Fr many years，the Try f Ancient Greece was merely the stuff f legend but in the 1800s its lcatin was discvered in what is nw Turkey. The site cntains layers f ruins archaelgists are still studying.
（1）What d the fur cmmunities have in cmmn？
A. They were deserted. B. They were capital cities.
C. They were turist spts. D. They were thickly ppulated.
（2）Which cmmunity suffered frm a natural disaster？
A. Hashima Island. B. Cnsnn. C. Eastern Settlement. D. Try.
（3）What d we knw abut Eastern Settlement？
A. It disappeared fr n bvius reasn. B. It's a place where weddings were held.
C. It's a place fr visitrs t experience histry. D. It existed as ne f the ldest twns in Greenland.
Passage 2．（2020•盐城模拟）
A decade ag， Cass Sunstein， an American legal schlar， c﹣authred a bk， Nudge， with the ecnmist Richard Thaler． In it， they argued that nudges can shape the behaviur f ppulatins． The idea prved s persuasive that it influenced White Huse plicy， and Sunstein and Thaler rse t fame．
Nw Sunstein has published anther bk， Republic， which describes hw scial media shapes plitics and jurnalism． S far， it has nt received as much attentin as Nudge． This is a pity： the ideas in Republic are arguably mre imprtant﹣and mre pressing．
These days， many vters seem extremely angry with bth jurnalists and scial media． In this clumn last week， fr example， I wrte abut the tribalisatin（部落化）f the media． This has caused mre nline reader cmments than almst anything else I have written﹣and mst f them are angry．
Amid all the emtin， what is bviusly lacking are prpsals fr a way frward． Readers and viewers say they want the media t be "less biased" and t "fcus n the facts" but the prblem f hw t finance and rganize serius nn﹣partisan（无党派偏向的）jurnalism fr the mass market remains largely unslved． The truble is that partisan scial media is free﹣and readers seem t be hungry fr this． S hw can we supprt real news when mst vters keep flcking（蜂拥而至）t entertaining stries that are （at best） partisan and （at wrst） deliberately fake？
This is where Republic cmes in． Sunstein believes that ne f the biggest prblems in media tday is the phenmenn f "infrmatinal" and "reputatinal cascades"： if a stry r idea gets launched n Facebk r Twitter in a frmat that is easy t Like r Share， it can snwball rapidly and influence public pinin． This prbably makes scial media suffer frm bth plarisatin and manipulatin（操纵）﹣and damage established jurnalism gradually．
Sunstein suggests sme strategies t fight back． The least realistic idea is that gvernments r charity grups shuld create s﹣called "deliberative dmains"： spaces nline r in the physical wrld where ppsing plitical viewpints can be debated． He als advcates campaigns t prmte media literacy（能力）amng the public．
Anther prpsal is fr gvernments t require media cmpanies t prmte nn﹣partisan cverage． The gvernment culd als frce partisan websites t include links t articles with cnflicting pints f view： Breitbart， fr example， might carry a link t a piece by Huffingtn Pst， and vice versa． Or scial media cmpanies culd perhaps create ways that enable readers t cme acrss unexpected ideas t which they wuld nt therwise be expsed．
A mre severe mve wuld be t frce scial media sites t meet certain legal standards， similar t thse raised fr print jurnalism．
（1）What can be inferred frm Paragraph 1？
A． The bk， Nudge， was well received immediately it came ut．
B． They dubted whether the minr changes culd affect the way peple behave．
C． Cass Sunstein gt praised thanks t his devtin t the bk written by him n his wn．
D． The specific ideas in the bk， Nudge， made a difference t the plicy f the gvernment．
（2）What the audience's attitudes t the scial media？
A． Indifferent．B． Objective．C． Critical．D． Optimistic．
（3）What's the prblem facing the scial media accrding t the passage？
A． The audience have lst interest in what the media present．
B． The media tend t favr sme parties．
C． They have n mney t keep wrking．
D． The nline media will replace the traditinal jurnalism in the future．
（4）What measure shuld be taken accrding t Sunstein？
A． Create s﹣called "deliberative dmains"．
B． Prvide links fr the audience t see mre similar viewpints．
C． Create a platfrm where all peple can share their ideas abut their daily life．
D． Frce all partisan websites t prvide links t Huffingtm Pst．
Passage 3．（2020•贾汪区模拟）
Walt Disney is credited fr creating such wnderful things as Dnald Duck and Mickey Muse．Hwever，he cannt take the credit fr creating ther well﹣lved characters，such as Cinderella and Snw White．They are almst autmatically assciated with Disney because Disney turned ld fables（寓言）int cartn mvies．
The riginal Cinderella varies very much frm the Disney versin we knw tday．It started ff with the girl murning her mther's death and ging t her tmb three times a day．In additin，there were nly birds that helped Cinderella；there was n such thing as a fairy gdmther r helpful mice，nr was there mentin f a hrse and carriage．
The stepsisters were cruel：they always threw Cinderella's fd int the ashes f the fire，and made her sleep n the ashes n the flr，hence（因此）her name．
In the riginal stry，the king's ball actually lasted fr three days．With the help f the birds，the girl，beautifully dressed，danced with the prince n all three nights and the prince fell in lve with her．Hwever，she brke away frm him t rush back hme each night．On the last night，the prince placed smething sticky n the stairs；as Cinderella made her escape，a she gt stuck n it．
Here nw is where the stry becmes unpleasant：when the prince went t the huse lking fr the girl whse ft fit the she，the wicked（邪恶的）stepmther tld ne f her tw daughters t cut ff her big te t fit int the she．The daughter did as tld．S the prince tk her away t be his bride．But，when they passed the tmb f Cinderella's mther，the birds called ut t the prince，
"Turn and peep，there's bld within the she；
The she is t small，the true bride waits fr yu．"
Realizing he had been tricked，the prince returned the daughter t her mther；the ther then had t cut ff part f her heel in rder t fit int the she，with the same result．Only Cinderella's ft fit perfectly and s the prince chse t marry her．The stry ends with the wedding day：as Cinderella's tw stepsisters fllwed her，pretending t be devted t her s that they culd enjy the king's riches，tw birds flew by and plucked（啄）ut their eyes．Because f their wickedness and falsehd，they had t spend the rest f their days blind．
The riginal Cinderella is s different frm the Disney versin．Thank gdness Disney made such changes；it indeed was a wise mve．
（1）What des the underlined wrd "They" in the first paragraph refer t？
A．Such wnderful things．B．Other well﹣lved characters．C．Old fables．D．Cartn mvies．
（2）Hw did Cinderella get her name？
A．The birds came up with it． B．It was given by Disney．
C．It came frm the wrd "ash"． D．She gt it frm her mther．
（3）Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the riginal stry？
A．Helpful mice gt Cinderella a beautiful dress． B．The ball was held t celebrate the prince's wedding．
C．Cinderella left her she n the stairs n purpse． D．The birds tld the prince that he had been cheated．
Passage 4．（2020•盐城模拟）
Freedm and Respnsibility
Freedm's challenge in the Digital Age is a serius tpic．We are facing tday a strange new wrld and we are all wndering what we are ging t d with it．
Sme 2，500 years ag Greece discvered freedm．Befre that there was n freedm．There were great civilizatins，splendid empires，but n freedm anywhere．Egypt and Babyln were bth tyrannies，ne very pwerful man ruling ver helpless masses．
In Greece，in Athens（雅典），a little city in a little cuntry，there were n helpless masses．And Athenians willingly beyed the written laws which they themselves passed，and the unwritten，which must be beyed if free men live tgether．They must shw each ther kindness and pity and the many qualities withut which life wuld be very painful unless ne chse t live alne in the desert．The Athenians never thught that a man was free if he culd d what he wanted．A man was free if he was self﹣cntrlled．T make yurself bey what yu apprved was freedm．They were saved frm lking at their lives as their wn private affair．Each ne felt respnsible fr the welfare f Athens，nt because it was frced n him frm the utside，but because the city was his pride and his safety．The essential belief f the first free gvernment in the wrld was liberty fr all men wh culd cntrl themselves and wuld take respnsibility fr the state．
But discvering freedm is nt like discvering cmputers．It cannt be discvered nce fr all．If peple d nt prize it，and wrk fr it，it will g．Cnstant watch is its price．Athens changed．It was a change that tk place withut being nticed thugh it was f the extreme imprtance，a spiritual change which affected the whle state．It had been the Athenian's pride and jy t give t their city．That they culd get material benefits frm her never entered their minds．There had t be a cmplete change f attitude befre they culd lk at the city as an emplyer wh paid her citizens fr ding her wrk．Nw instead f men giving t the state，the state was t give t them．What the peple wanted was a gvernment which wuld prvide a cmfrtable life fr them；and with this as the primary bject，ideas f freedm and self﹣reliance and respnsibility were neglected t the pint f disappearing．Athens was mre and mre lked n as a cperative business pssessed f great wealth in which all citizens had a right t share．
Athens reached the pint when the freedm she really wanted was freedm frm respnsibility．There culd be nly ne result．If men insisted n being free frm the burden f self﹣dependence and respnsibility fr the cmmn gd，they wuld cease t be free．Respnsibility is the price every man must pay fr freedm．It is t be had n n ther terms．Athens，the Athens f Ancient Greece，refused respnsibility；she reached the end f freedm and was never t have it again．
But，"the excellent becmes the permanent，" Aristtle said．Athens lst freedm frever，but freedm was nt lst frever fr the wrld．A great American，James Madisn，referred t："The capacity（能力）f mankind fr self﹣gvernment．" N dubt he had nt an idea that he was speaking Greek．Athens was nt in the farthest backgrund f his mind，but nce man has a great and gd idea，it is never cmpletely lst．The Digital Age cannt destry it．Smehw in this r that man's thught such an idea lives thugh uncnsidered by the wrld f actin．One can never be sure that it is nt n the pint f breaking ut int actin nly sure that it will d s smetime．
（1）What des the underlined wrd "tyrannies" in Paragraph 2 refer t？
A．Cuntries where their peple need help． B．Pwerful states with higher civilizatin．
C．Splendid empires where peple enjy freedm． D．Gvernments ruled with abslute pwer．
（2）Peple believing in freedm are thse wh ．
A．regard their life as their wn business B．seek gains as their primary bject
C．behave within the laws and value systems D．treat thers with kindness and pity
（3）What change in attitude tk place in Athens？
A．The Athenians refused t take their respnsibility．
B．The Athenians n lnger tk pride in the city．
C．The Athenians benefited spiritually frm the gvernment．
D．The Athenians lked n the gvernment as a business．
（4）What des the sentence "There culd be nly ne result．" in Paragraph 5 mean？
A．Athens wuld cntinue t be free． B．Athens wuld cease t have freedm．
C．Freedm wuld cme frm respnsibility． D．Freedm wuld stp Athens frm self﹣dependence．
（5）Why des the authr refer t Aristtle and Madisn？
A．The authr is hpeful abut freedm． B．The authr is cautius abut self﹣gvernment．
C．The authr is skeptical f Greek civilizatin． D．The authr is prud f man's capacity．
（6）What is the authr's understanding f freedm？
A．Freedm can be mre ppular in the digital age． B．Freedm may cme t an end in the digital age．
C．Freedm shuld have pririty ver respnsibility． D．Freedm needs t be guaranteed by respnsibility．
Passage 5．（2020•新乡三模）
On the last Mnday in May， peple in the United States celebrate Memrial Day． This federal hliday hnrs members f the American military wh died at war． Schls and gvernment ffices clse． Mst peple in the US have this day ff frm wrk． Peple celebrate Memrial Day with utdr parades．
Mst Americans cnsider it the start f summer thugh the seasn really begins in June． With s many peple ff wrk， Memrial Day has als becme a ppular shpping day． Hwever， n mst ccasins Memrial Day is a serius and even srrwful hliday． Thse wh have lst family members at war visit burial sites t decrate the graves． They place flwers， wreaths and US flags n the graves．
Memrial Day cmes frm a traditin that began after the US Civil War called Decratin Day． The Civil War was a very dark time in the US histry． Histrians have lng thught that abut 620，000 sldiers died in the fighting． Hwever， new research suggests that the dead numbered abut 750，000．
In 1868， abut 5，000 peple gathered at Arlingtn Natinal Cemetery n the edge f Washingtn， D． C． They decrated mre than 10，000 graves f Unin and Cnfederate sldiers． They called it Decratin Day．
The traditin spread t ther areas f the cuntry． In 1873， New Yrk State called it Memrial Day and was the first t make it a legal hliday． Other states fllwed， but nt all． Sme suthern states had （and still have） separate celebratins that hnr nly dead Cnfederate sldiers．
After Wrld War I ended in 1918， Memrial Day became a day t hnr all American sldiers killed at war． In 1971， Cngress passed a law making it an fficial federal hliday all ver America．
（1）What's the purpse f Memrial Day in America？
A． T mark the start f summer． B． T let peple enjy themselves．
C． T shw respect t dead sldiers． D． T set a hliday t encurage sldiers．
（2）What is the atmsphere f American Memrial Day like n mst ccasins？
A． Sad． B． Casual． C． Pleasant． D． Relaxing．
（3）When did Memrial Day becme a legal hliday thrughut the US？
A． In 1868． B． In 1873． C． In 1918． D． In 1971．
（4）What is the best title fr the text？
A． The Prspect f American Memrial Day B． The Evlutin f Memrial Day in the US
C． Members Hnred n American Memrial Day D． Celebratin Activities n Memrial Day in the US
Passage 6．（2020•日照模拟）
Deep in the middle f Sri Lanka， a massive clumn f rck reaches ut frm the green trpical frest． It is 660 feet tall and features fresces（壁画）， graffiti， and landscaped gardens．
The rck is knwn as Sigiriya and hlds a special place in the island's cultural histry．
It was established as the strnghld f a king ver 1，500 years ag， and tday the Sigiriya cmplex stands as ne f the earliest preserved examples f ancient urban planning．
Lcated in the Central Prvince． the clumn f rck is smewhat central t the cuntry． The rck is knwn as Sihagiri， meaning "Lin Rck"， a nd t the giant animal carved frm stne which greeted visitrs at the entrance．
In 476 BC， King Dhatusena ruled ver Sri Lanka． One f his illegal sns， Kashyapa， wanted the thrne （王位）． Kashyapa verthrew Dhatusena and drve his brther Mggallana t Suthern India． Kashyapa crwned himself king in 477 BC．
King Kashyapa chse Sigiriya as his palace because its psitin was an advantage t the defensive strnghld， ffering fantastic 360﹣degree views． Plans t build a city quickly unflded and after several years， the Sigiriya cmplex had becme a business center fr the new King．
Sigiriya was bth a palace and a frtress （堡垒）； the verall cmplex featured five gates and measured just under 3 km by just ver 1 km． The site plan cnsisted f a frt，an upper palace n the tp f the rck，and lwer palaces at grund level． The king als cnstructed gardens thrughut，and fr prtectin a river with walls surrunded the cmplex．
Fresces decrate the western side f the rck， alng with the mirrr wall， a brick face cvered in a highly﹣plished white plaster． When new， the wall was said t be able t prduce Reflectins．
Over time the Mirrr Wall became a graffiti bard， cvered in verses written by visitrs． Knwn as "Sigiri Graffiti"， sme f the messages date t the 8th century CE．
（1）It is implied in the passage that Sigiriya was built t ．
A． preserve the culture f Sri Lanka B． prve the ancient urban planning
C． keep the King frm being attacked D． prtect the green trpical frest
（2）Accrding t the passage， sme visitrs wuld ．
A． have a reflectin befre the Mirrr Wall B． leave cmments n the Mirrr Wall
C． draw beautiful paintings f girls n the wall D． be lst in thught befre the Mirrr Wall
（3）What d we knw abut Sigiriya？
A． Its entrance is carved like a lin． B． Its gardens are at grund level．
C． Its western side is a mirrr． D． Its palaces are n the tp f the rck．
（4）What is the best title f the passage？
A． The giant lins in Sri Lanka． B． The pearl f the Indian Ocean．
C． The Lin Rck f Sri Lanka． D． The mirrr wall in a rck．
Passage 7．（2020•成都模拟）
Archelgy （考古学）isn't the dusty science it was a generatin ag． New technlgies that nce seemed ut f sci﹣fi are nw lcating buried traces f buildings and revealing the ruins f cities．
Fr mre than a decade， Sarah Parcak and her team have been n the frnt line f this revlutin． They use satellite images t find and explre ancient sites arund the glbe． Nw they're abut t take n a new challenge as they fcus Glbal Xplrer citizen﹣science prject n India．
In 2017， Parcak launched an nline platfrm， called Glbal Xplrer， t crwd surce（群众外包）the initial assessment f satellite images fr signs f cultures frm lng ag． Anyne in the wrld with a cmputer and Internet access culd help discver and prtect remains f Peru's rich cultural heritage． The results have been surprising． Abut 80，000 participants frm a hundred cuntries have identified 19，000 sites that were nt in Peru's database． The platfrm fr Peru is still running．
If all ges well， the wrk in India culd last fr years． "India has had relatively little archaelgical wrk dne，" Parcak says． Als， the full extent f India's archaelgical wrk has never been mapped cmpletely． Parcak expects her prject t make up that． "Wherever we end up ging， the crwd's ging t be able t see extrardinary things，" Parcak says．
Thirty six India's cultural heritage relics are already listed as UNESCO Wrld Heritage Sites． Parcak thinks there culd be tens f thusands f as yet unknwn sites mapped as part f this prject． The discveries prmise t be amazing acrss the land that has seen a parade f cultures cme and g．
In the future， she hpes ther cuntries will cntact her t launch their wn satellite surveys． The pssibilities are huge． Parcak estimates that there are at least 12 millin ptential archaelgical sites yet t be discvered． That means the sky is the limit fr her prject nw that it has gtten ff the grund successfully．
（1）What's the purpse f Parcak's prject？
A．T interview citizens via the Internet． B．T dig ut mre remains f ancient cities．
C．T build databases fr unknwn cultural heritage． D．T identify unknwn ancient sites thrugh jint effrts．
（2）What d we knw abut the participants in Peru prject？
A．They are Internet﹣equipped vlunteers． B．They are well﹣trained vluntary schlars．
C．They are mstly fans f archelgy in Peru． D．They are all archaelgists all ver the wrld．
（3）Why is Parcak's prject imprtant t India？
A．India lacks thrugh archaelgical wrk．
B．Indians call fr the prtectin f their rich cultures．
C．There's n amazing archaelgical discvery in India．
D．India needs mre relics listed as Wrld Heritage Sites．
（4）What des the underlined sentence "The pssibilities are huge．" in Paragraph 6 mean？
A．Parcak's prject will becme successful． B．Few cuntries will start satellite surveys．
C．There will be amazing discveries in India． D．Mre archaelgical sites will be identified．
Passage 8．（2020•拉萨二模）
Yu are walking ver the tan﹣clred（棕褐色的）sand f the empty desert when a rattlesnake appears ut f the sand in frnt f yu． Luckily it had warned yu f its presence． Imagine if that same snake were mved t a green leafy rainfrest． The clrs that helped the snake blend int（融合）the desert wuld make it stand ut against the green envirnment．
This just ges t shw yu that camuflage（保护色）desn't wrk everywhere． Let's take a lk at ne animal species that is famus fr changing ver time t stay camuflaged： the peppered mth． Mth cllectrs in England nted that mst peppered mths cllected in the early 1800s were light gray peppered with bits f black． Many years later mst f the mths cllected were almst cmpletely black． What culd have caused the mre cmmn light clred mth t becme rare？
During the 1800s， Eurpe and America experienced the Industrial Revlutin． One f the new fuel surces that were heavily used during this time perid was cal． As the trees darkened with st（煤烟），the light﹣clred mths were easier t see． They were eaten by birds mre and mre， while the rare dark clred mths blended in better n the darker trees． This made them have a higher survival rate and thus they were mre likely t pass their dark clred genes nt their children． Over time， the dark clred mths became the mre cmmn f the tw clr frms． Natural selectin favred the dark mths， s they were mre successful after the trees changed．
Sund a little hard t believe？ Well， mre changes have cme abut since these cnditins started t reverse（转变），starting in the 1950s． Then， a Clean Air Act was intrduced． Since that time， technlgy and cleaner burning fuels have started t decrease pllutin in the areas where the peppered mth lives． The black st n lnger settles n the trees． As expected， the light peppered mth has recently been mre cmmn in the ppulatin． This is because it is better camuflaged．
（1）What d we knw abut the rattlesnake in a desert？
A．It almst has n enemies． B．It attacks travelers ften．
C．It stands ut against the envirnment． D．It is gd at making its presence unknwn．
（2）The underlined wrd "This" in Paragraph 3 refers " "．
A．the st﹣darkened tree B．the Industrial Revlutin
C．dark﹣clred mths staying camuflaged D．light﹣clred mths facing mre enemies
（3）What did the Clean Air Act bring abut？
A．Damage t lcal eclgy． B．Mre bservatins f mths．
C．An increase in the variety f mth species． D．A decrease in the number f dark﹣clred mths．
（4）What is the text mainly abut？
A．Camuflage in the animal wrld． B．The battle between tw mth species．
C．The influence f the Industrial Revlutin． D．An excellent example f envirnmental adaptatin．
Passage 9．（2020•泰安模拟）
On the last Mnday in May，peple in the United States celebrate Memrial Day． This federal hliday hnrs members f the American military wh died at war． Schls and gvernment ffices clse． Mst peple in the US have this day ff frm wrk． Peple celebrate Memrial Day with utdr parades．
Mst Americans cnsider it the start f summer thugh the seasn really begins in June．With s many peple ff wrk， Memrial Day has als becme a ppular shpping day． Hwever， n mst ccasins Memrial Day is a serius and even srrwful hliday． Thse wh have lst family members at war visit burial sites t decrate the graves． They place flwers，wreaths and US flags n the graves．
Memrial Day cmes frm a traditin that began after the US Civil War called Decratin Day． The Civil War was a very dark time in the US histry． Histrians have lng thught that abut 620，000 sldiers died in the fighting． Hwever， new research suggests that the dead numbered abut 750，000．
In 1868， abut 5，000 peple gathered at Arlingtn Natinal Cemetery n the edge f Washingtn，D．C． They decrated mre than 10，000 graves f Unin and Cnfederate sldiers． They called it Decratin Day． bne
The traditin spread t ther areas f the cuntry． In 1873，New Yrk State called it Memrial Day and was the first t make it a legal﹣hliday． Other States allwed， but nt all．Sme suthern states had （and﹣still have） separate celebratins that hnr nly dead Cnfederate sldiers．
After Wrld War I ended in 1918， Memrial Day became a day t hnr all American sldiers killed at war． In 1971，Cngress passed a law making it an fficial federal hliday all ver America．
（1）What's the purpse f Memrial Day in America？
A． T mark the start f summer． B． T let peple enjy themselves．
C． T shw respect t dead sldiers． D． T set a hliday t encurage sldiers．
（2）What's the atmsphere f American Memrial Day like n mst ccasins？
A． Sad． B． Casual． C． Pleasant． D． Relaxing．
（3）When did Memrial Casual，becme a legal hliday thrughut the US？
A． In 1971． B． In 1873． C． In 1918． D． In 1868．
（4）What is the best title fr the text？
A． Celebratin Activities f Memrial Day in the US B． The Prspect f American Memrial Day
C． Members Hnred n American Memrial Day D． The Evlutin n Memrial Day in the US
Passage 10．（2020•广州模拟）
Texas rancher（牧场主） Charles Gdnight had a prblem． He needed skilled cwbys t drive his herd f tw thusand lnghrn cattle t New Mexic t be sld． He culdn't ffer high wages． He culdn't prmise easy jbs r even nice weather． But he decided that decent， warm meals might entice men t wrk fr him．
In the mid﹣t﹣late 1800s， cattle drives smetimes tk three t fur mnths， and nce the drive began， there were n stres fr hundreds f miles． All the fd and supplies needed fr the trip were carried n tw﹣wheeled carts． Usually， the cwby's fd was bring and unappetizing．
Gdnight went t wrk and slved the prblem． His inventin f a mbile kitchen， the chuck wagn（四轮马车）， gt its name frm the cwby wrd fr fd， "chuck．" Gdnight tk an ld army wagn and rebuilt it with Osage range， a wd s tugh that Indians used it t make bws． The wagn's irn axles were strnger than the wden nes fund n standard wagns， and the wider wheels lasted lnger． Besides fd， cffee sugar and eating utensils， it held everything frm first﹣aid supplies t needles and thread． It even cntained cking stve．
The first chuck wagn was an instant success． Eighteen cwhands jined Gdnight and his partner， Oliver Lving， t drive the cattle t New Mexic fr a handsme prfit． The rute they tk﹣later called the Gdnight﹣Lving Trail﹣became ne f the mst heavily used cattle trails in the Suthwest．
The chuck wagn sn was the backbne f all successful cattle drives． Other ranchers created their wn mving kitchens， and eventually the Studebaker Cmpany prduced chuck wagns that sld fr ＄75 t ＄100 apiece， abut ＄1，000 tday．
The chuck wagn was much mre than a mbile kitchen． Smetimes called "the trail drive's mther ship，" it was like a magnet that drew the men tgether． The wagn and the grund arund it were the cwby's hme． There he enjyed ht meals， a warm fire， and gd cmpaninship． He culd als get a bandage， a haircut， r hrse liniment fr his sre muscles． And there， under the stars and arund the chuck wagn， he crawled int his bedrll each night．
（1）Wh des the underlined wrd "entice" in paragraph 1 mean？
A． Infrm B． Direct C． Enable D． Attract
（2）Why were cattle drives in the mid﹣t﹣late 1800s s tugh？
A．All the cattle were carried n tw﹣wheeled vehicles．
B．Fresh fd supplies were hard t find n the drive．
C．There were nt enugh cwbys t drive the cattle．
D．There was n place t stre fd and necessary supplies．
（3）What d we knw abut Gdnight's chuck wagn frm the text？
A． It was strnger than the rdinary wagns． B． It was mainly used t prvide first aid．
C． It culd be changed int a sleeping area． D． It was sld t ther ranchers by Gdnight．
（4）What is the best title fr the text？
A．The Cwbys' Prblem B．Gdnight﹣Lving Trail
C．The Cwbys' Hme n Wheels D．Exciting Cattle Drives in the West