专题17 文学艺术类-冲刺 高考英语阅读理解专项复习

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冲刺2021年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解
第十三模块：文学艺术类
Passage 1．（2021•成都模拟）
Warner Bros.'s Wonder Woman 1984， the only big movie still scheduled to be released （发行） in theaters this year， will come out on AT&T Inc.'s HBO Max the same day it appears in cinemas， an unusual approach that shows how much the coronavirus pandemic（疫情） has affected Hollywood.
The film will appear in the U. S. theaters and HBO Max on Dec.25， nine days after it starts appearing at cinemas in international markets， Warner Bros.， said in a statement Wednesday. HBO Max subscribers will have a month to see the movie at no additional cost.
The film's director， Patty Jenkins， confirmed the move earlier in a tweet， saying that fans should see the movie in theaters if it's safe to do so﹣otherwise， they can enjoy it at home.
Releasing a would﹣be hit like Wonder Woman 1984 to home and theater audiences meanwhile would have been unthinkable earlier this year， and for decades before that. However， the pandemic has made it impossible for studios to generate the kind of returns at the box office they need to recover their investments in big films. Cinemas in two of the biggest moviegoing markets in the US﹣Los Angeles and New York City﹣are closed entirely.
Against this background， several major movies from other studios were shown online this year， including Walt Disney Co.'s Mulan. The studios have been typically charging about ＄20 to see those films at home. Wonder Woman 1984 won't have an extra fee， but it will require fans to sign up for HBO Max， which costs ＄15 a month.
Under any other set of circumstances， a move like this would be decried by theater owners， who have long enjoyed the right to exclusively show new hit films for two or three months. However， they've been struck by the effects of the coronavirus. Most cinemas have been closed for portions of 2020 and those that have reopened don't have many new movies to show. Most big films have been delayed until 2021.
（1）What makes the movie Wonder Woman 1984 different from other movies released this year？　　
A. The approach of releasing. B. The time it will be on show.
C. High expectation from audience. D. The theaters where it will be released.
（2）What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about？　　
A. The tough challenges studios have to face.
B. Ways for film industry to recover from the pandemic.
C. The influence the pandemic has had on film industry.
D. The possible success of the movie Wonder Woman 1984.
（3）What does the underlined word "decried" in Paragraph 6 probably mean？　　
A. Appreciated. B. Accused. C. Valued. D. Commented.
（4）Where does this text probably come from？　　
A. A news report. B. A film review. C. A movie advertisement. D. A hit fiction.
【考点】文学艺术类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇文学艺术类阅读理解。文章主要讲述了华纳兄弟的《神奇女侠1984》是今年唯一一部仍计划在影院上映的大片，这种不同寻常的方式显示出冠状病毒疫情对好莱坞的影响。这场疫情使得制片厂无法获得收回对大型电影投资所需的票房回报。
【解答】（1）A. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容Warner Bros.'s Wonder Woman 1984 ， the only big movie still scheduled to be released in theaters this year…"可知，华纳兄弟的《神奇女侠1984》是今年唯一一部计划在电影院上映的大片，由此可知，其他电影不是在电影院上映，该电影与其他电影在上映方式有所不同。故选A项。
（2）C. 主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第四段内容可知，转折句However， the pandemic has made it impossible for studios to generate the kind of returns at the box office they need to recover their investments in big fiIms. （然而，这场疫情使得制片厂无法获得收回对大型电影投资所需的票房回报。）为本段是主题句，由此可知，本段主要介绍了在疫情对于美国电影行业的大环境的影响。故选C项。
（3）B. 词义猜测题。结合上下文语境Under any other set of circumstances， a move like this would be decried by theater owners， who have long enjoyed the right to exclusively show new hit films for two or three months. 句中"Under any other set of circumstances"应是指疫情影响下的"不景气的"电影行业的状况，"Iike this"应是指《神奇女侠1984》这部要在电影院发行的电影，后文"However， they've been struck by the effects of the coronavirus. Most cinemas have been closed for portions of 2020 and those that have reopened don't have many new movies to show. Most big films have been delayed until 2021."提到了电影院受到了冠状病毒的影响。大多数电影院在2020年的部分时间里都关闭了，那些重新开放的电影院也没有多少新电影上映。大多数大片都被推迟到2021年。因此在受到疫情影响情况下，在电影院发行这部电影，不会使电影院得到收益，对于以此方式方式发行的电影，电影院（老板）并不喜欢，会"批判"或"谴责"。由此推断，"decried"应是"谴责"含义。结合选项A. Appreciated欣赏，感激；B. Accused指控，指责；C. Valued重视，珍惜；D. Commented评论，由此可知答案选B项。
（4）A. 文章出处题。根据文章首段"Warner Bros.'s Wonder Woman 1984， the only big movie still scheduled to be released in theaters this year， will come out on AT&T Inc.'s HBO Max the same day it appears in cinemas， an unusual approach that shows how much the coronavirus pandemic has affected Hollywood.（华纳兄弟的《神奇女侠1984》是今年唯一一部仍计划在影院上映的大片，它将在影院上映的同一天在美国电话电报公司的HBO Max上映，这种不同寻常的方式显示出冠状病毒大流行对好莱坞的影响有多大。）揭示了文章的话题，文章其他段落围绕该话题进行了详细的解释和讨论，由此判断，首段为新闻报道中的"导语"部分，因此该文章应是新闻报道。故选A项。
Passage 2．（2020秋•滨海新区期末）
Our preference for this or that kind of music is obviously a subjective （主观的、个人的） matter. It can also be highly unstable （不稳定的），changing not only during a lifetime， but even on a scale of months， or even days. Yet despite such variety， there are three factors that I think are the main contributors （因素）.
The first is how we were brought up，or the musical background which surrounded us in our formative years（性格形成时期）. The kinds of music that we were exposed to when we were small helped to create very specific mental patterns.
However， even the most stable musical pattern can be changed by socio﹣cultural concerns，and these form the second contribution to our musical preferences. Music，probably from the very beginning of the existence of modern humans，has been used to bring people together in various kinds of activities，because it is really efficient at regulating （调节） the bodily and emotional responses of large groups of participants. Whether you're into heavy metal， or hip hop， or jazz， your preferences are guided in part by your desire to be a member of some social circle.
These two factors seem to suggest that musical preferences are formed unconsciously，without the listener being aware of it， but this is obviously not the case. Nothing is likely to be more important than our own subjective feeling at the time of listening. Especially today，with nearly unlimited access to all styles of music，we use music as a tool for regulating our emotions and moods. This is why when you want to study you might reach for something simple， without words. Or when you're trying to relax before bed you'll probably listen to something calming. They point to the fantastic power of music in our lives.
（1）In writing Paragraph 1， the author aims to　　.
A. present some examples B. make a comparison C. list a few reasons D. lead in the topic
（2）According to Paragraph 1， people's preferences for music are　　.
A. interesting and mysterious B. personal and changeable C. unique and stable D. unconscious and typical
（3）What is the function of music in a group activity？　　
A. It can make people familiar with a certain culture. B. It can make people calm down.
C. It can bring people together. D. It can create specific mental patterns.
（4）What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？　　
A. While reading， people are more likely to prefer rap music.
B. People's preferences for music are totally decided by some uncontrolled factors.
C. Subjective feeling plays an important role in people's musical preferences.
D. Musical preferences are formed unconsciously.
（5）What could be the best title for the passage？　　
A. What decides people's taste in music.
B. Why so many people love music.
C. How music influences people's emotions and moods.
D. Why socio﹣cultural concerns influence people's musical preferences.
【考点】文学艺术类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述人们对音乐的喜好是由主观决定的并阐述了其中的原因。
【解答】（1）D.目的意图题。根据文章第一段内容："Our preference for this or that kind of music is obviously a subjective matter. It can also be highly unstable，changing not only during a lifetime， but even on a scale of months， or even days. Yet despite such variety， there are three factors that I think are the main contributors .（我们对这种或那种音乐的偏好显然是主观的。它也可能是高度不稳定的，不仅会在一生中发生变化，甚至会在几个月甚至几天内发生变化。尽管这样，我认为有三个因素是主要的促成者。）"可知，作者的写作意图只是要"引入话题"。故选D.
（2）B.细节理解题。根据第一段中"Our preference for this or that kind of music is obviously a subjective matter. It can also be highly unstable ，changing not only during a lifetime， but even on a scale of months， or even days.（我们对这种或那种音乐的偏好显然是主观的。它也可能是高度不稳定的，不仅会在一生中发生变化，甚至会在几个月甚至几天内发生变化。）"可知，人们对音乐的喜好是主观的、会变化的。A. interesting and mysterious"有趣又神秘的"；B. personal and changeable"主观又易变的"；C. unique and stable"独特又稳定的"；D. unconscious and typical"无意识又典型的"。所以B选项符合题意。故选B.
（3）C.推理判断题。根据第三段中"Music，probably from the very beginning of the existence of modern humans，has been used to bring people together in various kinds of activities，because it is really efficient at regulating the bodily and emotional responses of large groups of participants.（音乐，可能从现代人类存在的最开始，就被用来把人们聚集在各种各样的活动中，因为它真的能有效地调节大群参与者的身体和情绪反应。）"可知，音乐在群体活动中的作用就是把人们聚集在一起。故选C.
（4）C.推理判断题。根据第四段中" These two factors seem to suggest that musical preferences are formed unconsciously，without the listener being aware of it，but this is obviously not the case.Nothing is likely to be more important than our own subjective feeling at the time of listening. （这两个因素似乎表明，音乐偏好是在听者没有意识到的情况下无意识地形成的，但事实显然不是这样。没有什么比我们在聆听时的主观感受更重要了）"及"This is why when you want to study you might reach for something simple，without words.Or when you're trying to relax before bed you'll probably listen to something calming.They point to the fantastic power of music in our lives.（这就是为什么当你想学习时，你可能会选择一些简单的，没有语言的东西。或者当你想在睡前放松时，你可能会听一些让你平静的音乐。他们指出了音乐在我们生活中的神奇力量。）"可知，人们的主观感受在对音乐的喜好上起了重要的作用。故选C.
（5）A.标题归纳题。通读全文，可知本文主要讲述人们对音乐的喜好是由主观决定的并阐述了原因。文章开篇中提到"Our preference for this or that kind of music is obviously a subjective matter.（我们对这种或那种音乐的偏好显然是主观的。）"，在文章末尾也强调了"Nothing is likely to be more important than our own subjective feeling at the time of listening.（没有什么比我们在聆听时的主观感受更重要了。）"。所以A项"什么决定了人们在音乐上的品位"符合文章的中心大意。故选A.
Passage 3．（2020•浦东新区模拟）
According to the ancient Greek mythology， King Midas might be one of the world's earliest alchemist， who was granted by the god Dionysus the magic power to turn anything he touched into gold． Unfortunately， the king soon realized that this ability was more of a curse than of a gift as he had to suffer the loss of many of life's real pleasures， including the taste of good food and the embrace of his beloved daughter．
While the story of the greedy Midas is meant to warn against becoming a slave to one's desires， it also reflects our human greed for gold． This extremely attractive metal has captivated humans over thousands of years， ever since the days of the ancient Egyptians， and has been the basis of currency for many civilizations over centuries．
Today gold remains the foundation of the luxury jewellery industry and， in recent years， has become one of the most prominent materials in the production of our latest necessity ﹣﹣﹣ modern electronics． Gold is used to make many of the devices we love， such as cellphones， tablets and laptops． This is due to its highly efficient electrical properties and its resistance to corrosion， which are unmatched by any other metal． But the manufacturing of just 40 mobile phones requires approximately one gram of gold， which corresponds to nearly a ton of mined ore． Given the persistent rise in electronics production， and the limited and decreasing supply of gold， how will we maintain the supply of this precious material for many years to come？
One solution might be found in the recycling of electronic waste， a process often referred to as urban mining． Given that a metric tonne of recycled laptop circuit boards can have between 40 and 800 times more gold than found in a metric tonne of ore， it seems unreasonable to redeposit the precious metal into the earth via landfills． Despite this， and the fact that urban mining is growing more cost﹣effective by the day， only 20 per cent of all electronic waste is currently recycled． In 2017， the Global E﹣Waste Monitor projected that the amount of electronic waste generated by the end of 2021 would reach 52.2 million metric tonnes．
It is estimated that the value of the gold in our garbage exceeds €10 billion（$11.2 billion）． On top of that， the many other precious metals in the garbage， such as silver， copper and platinum， add even more value to our waste． Therefore， given its economic and technological importance， it is time to consider whether other sources of gold， which are not yet decidedly possible to access， can also be exploited in the future．
While King Midas might have appealed to the gods for an easy solution to acquire gold， modern alchemists use the latest technology to achieve ancient dreams． It is these qualities that might eventually lead to environmentally mindful and energy﹣efficient technologies for extracting gold from incredible places．
（1）The underlined word "captivated" in paragraph two can be best replaced by　　．
A． cultivated B． jailed C． satisfied D． tempted
（2）Which of the following is NOT one of the many uses of gold in history and modern time？　　
A．aiding the business of waste recycling industry． B．being used in manufacturing jewellery．
C．constituting an essential part of electronic devices． D．forming the basis of currency．
（3）According to paragraph four， what is the purpose of "urban mining"？　　
A．To save more laptop circuit from being wasted． B．To deposit more precious gold．
C．To preserve gold for future use． D．To make a profit by recycling life garbage．
（4）The author uses the story of "King Midas" to　　．
A．analyze the loss caused by electronic waste
B．illustrate the magic power of urban mining
C．interest the readers with the rich history of ancient Greece
D．warn the world against becoming slaves to material gains
【考点】文学艺术类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇说明文。黄金有很多用处，从古至今都受到人们的追捧，但是如何保证以后的黄金供应？文章提出了一种城市采矿的解决方法，即从废品中提炼黄金。
【解答】（1）D．词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句中"it also reflects our human greed for gold（它也反映了我们人类对金子的贪婪）"及划线词所在句中"extremely attractive"可推知，划线句"This extremely attractive metal has captivated humans over thousands of years"意为"这种极有吸引力的金属几千年以来诱惑着人们"，所以划线词"captivated"意为"迷惑，诱惑"，A． cultivated有教养的；B． jailed入狱的；C． satisfied满意的；D． tempted诱惑的。故选D。
（2）A．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中"and has been the basis of currency for many civilizations over centuries（几个世纪以来成为很多文明的货币基础）"及第三段中Today gold remains the foundation of the luxury jewellery industry and， in recent years， has become one of the most prominent materials in the production of our latest necessity ﹣﹣﹣ modern electronics.（如今黄金成为豪华珠宝工业的基础，最近几年变成制造我们的最新必需品的最突出的材料之一﹣﹣现代电子产品）"可知，黄金的用途有制作珠宝，电子产品和货币基础，A项"帮助废物利用行业"不是黄金的用途，故选A项。
（3）C．推理判断题。第三段最后一句提出问题"how will we maintain the supply of this precious material for many years to come？（我们如何维持这种珍贵材料几年后的供应？）"，根据第四段第一句"One solution might be found in the recycling of electronic waste， a process often referred to as urban mining.（一个解决办法可能在电子废物的循环利用中发现，一个经常被称为城市采矿的过程）"可知，城市采矿的目的是保留黄金以供未来使用。故选C。
（4）B．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容"尽管米达斯王向上帝请求一种获得黄金的简单办法，现代的炼金家却使用最新的技术实现古代的梦想。正是这些特点最终可能会造就注意环境和节能的技术来从难以置信的地方提炼黄金"可知，作者使用米达斯王的故事是为了证明城市采矿的魔力。故选B。
Passage 4．（2020•武汉模拟）
November not only marks the publication of Toni Morrison's eagerly anticipated （期待） eighth novel， Love， but it is also the tenth anniversary of her Nobel Prize for Literature． Morrison is the first black woman to receive a Nobel， and so honored before her in literature are only two black men：Wole Soyinka， the Nigerian playwright， poet and novelist， in 1986； and Derek Walcott， the Caribbean﹣born poet， in 1992． But Morrison is also the first and only American﹣born Nobel Prize winner for literature since 1962， the year novelist John Steinbeck received the award．
Like Song of Solomon， Love is a multigenerational story， revealing the personal and communal legacy （遗产）of an outstanding black family． As Morrison scholars will tell you， love is the third volume of a literary masters trilogy （三部曲）investigating the many complexities of love． This trilogy began with Beloved （1988）， which deals with a black mother's love under slavery and in freedom； Jan （1993），the second volume， tells a story of romantic love in 1920s Harlem． This latest novel looks back from the 1970s to the 1940s and 50s．
The emotional center of Love is Bill Cosey， the former owner and host of the shabby Cosey's Hotel and Resort in Silk， North Carolina， described in the novel as " the best and best ﹣known vacation spot for colored folk on the East Coast． We get to know Cosey through the memories of five women who survive and love him： his granddaughter， his widow， two former employers， and a homeless young girl．
The latest novel， Love， had been described in the promotional material from her publisher as "Morrison's most accessible work since Song of Solomon． This comparison to her third novel， published in 1977， was an effective selling point．
（1）What can we learn about John Steinbeck？　　
A．He was a black writer． B．He was born in America．
C．He received the Nobel Prize after Morrison． D．He was the first American novelist to win a Nobel．
（2）The similarity between Love and Song of Solomon is that they both　　．
A．belong to the same trilogy together with Beloved B．concern families of more than one generation
C．deal with life of blacks under slavery D．investigate life in 1920s Harlem
（3）What does the novel Love mainly describe？　　
A．The best﹣known vacation spot for blacks．
B．The life of an outstanding black family under slavery．
C．The miserable experience of the five women in Harlem．
D．The memories of five women about Bill Cosey．
（4）What would be the best title for the text？　　
A． Toni Morrison's latest novels． B． Toni Morrison and her trilogy．
C． Toni Morrison and her novel Love． D． Toni Morrison， the Nobel Prize winner．
【考点】文学艺术类阅读；议论文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文属于文学艺术类的短文阅读．文章主要介绍了美国黑人作家，诺贝尔文学奖获得者Toni Morrison的背景及最新一部小说Love 的一些细节．
【解答】（1）B．推理判断题．由第一段最后一句话"But Morrison is also the first and only American﹣born Nobel prizewinner for literature since 1962，the year novelist John Steinbeck received the award．"（但Morrison也是自1962年小说家Steinbeck获得诺贝尔文学奖以来第一位也是唯一一位在美国出生的诺贝尔文学奖得主 ）可知，Steinbeck和Morrison一样都出生在美国，Morrison是在Steinbeck之后获得诺贝尔奖的，可以推断正确答案为B，C项和D项表述都错误，可排除C和D．而第一段Morrison is the first black woman to receive a Nobel说明Morrison是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的黑人作家，而没说Steinbeck是黑人，A项错误．故选A．
（2）B．归纳概括题．依据第二段第一句话"Like Song of Solomon，Love is a multigenerational story，revealing the personal and communal Legacy（遗产） of an outstanding black family．"（就像《所罗门之歌》，爱情是一个多代人的故事，揭示了一个杰出的黑人家庭的个人和集体遗产），他们关注的是不止一代的家庭故事，文中并没有提到他们和Beloved同属于三部曲，可排除A；which deals with a black mother's love under slavery and in freedom（这部三部曲以《宠儿》（1988）开始，在奴隶制度下自由的黑人母亲的爱）说明C项描述奴隶制下黑人的生活错误； Jan （1993），the second volume， tells a story of romantic love in 1920s Harlem（Jan （1993），第二卷，讲述了20世纪20年代哈林的浪漫爱情故事），说明D项描述（调查20世纪20年代哈林区的生活）错误．故选B．
（3）D．细节理解题．由倒数第二段的描述We get to know Cosey through the memories of five women who survive and love him…（我们通过对五个幸存下来并深爱着他的女人的回忆来了解科西）可知，该小说主要描述五位女性对Cosey 的记忆，可推断出The memories of five women about Bill Cosey为正确答案．故选D项．
（4）C．主旨大意题．综观全文，本文主要介绍了美国黑人作家，诺贝尔文学奖获得者Toni Morrison的背景及最新一部小说Love 的一些细节．故选C．
Passage 5．（2020•凉山州模拟）
Walk down any British shopping street and you will find shops with strange names． Why is the barbers called "Shearlock Combs"？ Why is the opticians （眼镜店）called "Eyediology"？ And who decided to name the butchers "Meat you there" and the fish and chip shop "The Plaice to Come"？ What's going on？
The British love puns（双关语）﹣﹣﹣﹣as do many other nationalities． Puns are jokes based on words that sound the same． You've probably noticed that many words in English which are spelt in different ways and have different meanings are pronounced in the same way． Think about the name of the restaurant： "plaice" is a kind of fish， so our restaurant is "the place" to eat fish． Butchers sell meat ﹣﹣so we'll "meet you there" ﹣﹣and opticians look after our eyes in a scientific way ﹣﹣﹣ so eyed﹣iology（ideology） is a name that fits． Hairdressers shear （cut） your locks （hair） and comb it ﹣﹣ say the three words together quickly and you have the name of a famous detective． In shop titles and adverts， puns are used to get our attention．
Puns are very old． The ancient Egyptians and Romans liked to pun． Shakespeare uses many puns in his plays ﹣﹣King Richard the Third（the son of York） brings "glorious summer" ﹣﹣just think about a word that has the same sound as son．
Many people enjoy a good pun（pun / fun for all the family! ） ﹣﹣ others hate them． Puns aren't really designed to make you laugh． Here are some puns that might leave you asking for no more puns． Have you heard about the bears who voted in the North Pole？ Or the cheetah（猎豹） who couldn't be trusted at cards？ Or how about the clever little Australian animal that had lots of koalaifications or the camel with no humps （驼峰） that was called Humphrey （and so was free of humps …）．
Puns can be funny， but they sometimes make important points． Here's a fashion tip："skinny genes make skinny jeans"： so don't worry if your jeans don't fit ﹣﹣﹣ it's your family's fault!
（1）Where can you probably enjoy fish and chips， judging from the name？　　
A． Shearlock Combs．B． Eyediology．C． The Plaice to ComeD． Meat you there．
（2）Why are puns often used in shop titles and adverts？　　
A．It's a long﹣established tradition． B．They help create a relaxed atmosphere．
C．They show the products are of high quality． D．They are good for catching people's attention．
（3）How does the author make his point in the text？　　
A． By giving examples． B． By making comparisons．
C． By following the order of time． D． By describing causes and effects．
（4）What is the author's main purpose in writing the text？　　
A．To compare the use of puns in different countries． B．To introduce some popular puns in Britain．
C．To stress it is important to understand puns． D．To explain why puns are common in Britain．
【考点】文学艺术类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇说明文．走在任何一条英国的商业街上，你都会发现名字奇怪的商店．为什么眼镜商被称为"Eyediology"？谁决定给屠夫起名叫"Meat you there"？发生什么事了？ 作者通过举例子在文章中表明他的观点．
【解答】（1）C．推理判断题．根据第二段中Think about the name of the restaurant： "plaice" is a kind of fish so our restaurant is "the place" to eat fish．可知，从名字上看，在The Plaice to Come可以吃到炸鱼和薯条．故选C．
（2）D．推理判断题．根据第二段中最后一句话"puns are used to get our attention．"可知， 很多店名用双关语是为了引起我们的注意．D．They are good for catching people's attention正符合此义． 故选D．
（3）A．推理判断题．纵观全文，再根据第二段中Puns are jokes based on words that sound the same． You've probably noticed that many words in English which are spelt in different ways and have different meanings are pronounced in the same way．可知，作者在第二段解释什么是双关，第三段说双关有悠久的历史以及最后两段证明自己观点的时候都举了很多例子，因此主要是通过举例子来证明自己的观点的．故选A．
（4）D．推理判断题．文章的第二段的开头提到各国人民都喜欢双关，然后讲到了广告和商店名称为什么喜欢用双关、双关的悠久历史、双关也能表达重要的信息，由此可见本文主要是从各方面讲了人们为什么喜欢双关，因此在英国，双关语很普遍常见． 故选D．
Passage 6．（2020•张家口模拟）
Constructed in the third century BC， the Terracotta Army is a collection of clay sculptures presenting the forces of the First Emperor of China﹣ Qin Shi Huang． The figures include more than 8，000 soldiers， 130 chariots with 520 horses． Their varying clothes， facial features and body types have long impressed people． But historian Dan Snow says， "The amazing realism increases the great mystery surrounding these terracotta figures， where do they come from？ They are nothing like any figure made in China before them， something changed． Something remarkable happened here 2，200 years ago．"
Mr Snow explains historians have long believed Ancient China remained separated from the rest of the world． But the Terracotta Army could disprove that theory．
The time of the First Emperor was around 220BC． When， on the eastern edge of the Eurasian（欧亚的）landmass， was the Chinese worlds with competing mini﹣states over there． Over on the west of Eurasia， the Roman Empire started to expand over here and Greece was a great power．
"What's going on artistically in the East and West is very different in the third century BC． The classic Greek art is easy to recognize， with the absolute high watermark of artistic expression， beautiful﹣metre﹣and﹣a﹣half tall， human in its look． But in the Chinese world， you've got just 10cm tall， far more basic．" says Mr Snow． He continues， "Then something changes， in fact， everything changes﹣there's a revolution． Suddenly， in 220BC you get the Terracotta Army lightyears ahead of what's gone before． It starts to look far less like before and far more like what's going on in the western world， both life﹣size， both lifelike， both attempts at realism．"
This couldn't be more important， because it's always been assumed that China developed in isolation（隔离）． But if that's not the case， if the First Emperor of China imported western ideas and techniques to create his extraordinary arts， that forces us to completely rewrite the history books．
（1）What confused Dan Snow about the Terracotta Army？　　
A． Why Qin Shi Huang ordered to create them．
B． Who instructed ancient people to create them．
C． Why their design was different from previous time．
D． What kind of clothes ancient people preferred to wear．
（2）What do most historians think of Ancient China？　　
A． It was closed to the outside world．
B． Many mini﹣states coexisted peacefully．
C． Building army of sculptures was very common then．
D． It built a good relationship with the rest of the world．
（3）What can we infer about the clay sculptures in Ancient China before 220BC？　　
A． They were in small size． B． Their styles changed greatly．
C． Their facial expressions seemed real． D． They looked similar to the Greek ones．
（4）What is the best title for the text？　　
A． The Development of Chinese Art B． Westerners Found in Ancient China
C． The Discovery of China's Terracotta Army D． Historians Reconsidering the Remote Past of China
【考点】文学艺术类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了历史学家发现秦陵兵马俑的风格与之前的风格差异较大，却与同吋期希腊的雕像风格类似，因而推测彼时的中国并不是完全隔绝于外界的．
【解答】（1）C． 细节理解题．根据第一段"Constructed in the third century BC， the Terracotta Army is a collection of clay sculptures presenting the forces of the First Emperor of China﹣ Qin Shi Huang． The figures include more than 8，000 soldiers， 130 chariots with 520 horses． Their varying clothes， facial features and body types have long impressed people． But historian Dan Snow says， "The amazing realism increases the great mystery surrounding these terracotta figures， where do they come from？ They are nothing like any figure made in China before them， something changed． Something remarkable happened here 2，200 years ago．"秦始皇兵马俑建于前3世纪上，是一系列展示秦始皇兵马俑的泥塑作品． 这些数字包括8000多名士兵，130辆战车和520匹马． 他们不同的衣着，面部特征和身体类型长期以来给人们留下了深刻的印象． 但是历史学家丹 • 斯诺说，惊人的现实主义增加了这些兵马俑的神秘性，它们来自哪里？ 它们和之前的中国制造的一点都不一样，有些东西改变了． 2200年前，这里发生了一件了不起的事．"可知，让Dan Snow想不明白的就是秦陵兵马俑为何风格突然发生了改变．故选C．
（2）A． 细节理解题．根据第二段historians have long believed Ancient China remained separated from the rest of the world．历史学家一直认为，古代中国与世界其他地方分离．可知，历史学家们认为古代中国与外界是隔绝的．故选A．
（3）A． 推理判断题．根据第四段But in the Chinese world， you've got just 10cm tall， far more basic． 但在中国人的世界里，你只有10厘米高，基本得多．可知，220BC之前的雕塑オ10厘米，形状较小，且相对简单．故选A．
（4）D． 标题归纳题．由全文可知，根据对秦陵兵马俑的研究，历史学家正在重新认识古代中国．故选D．
Passage 7．（2020•泰安一模）
In the land of the Sagas，it isn't Christmas if there isn't a flood of books under the tree﹣ literally．
The Jolabokaflod，or Christmas Book Flood，is a much﹣loved tradition that has been celebrated in Iceland since 1945．It's a bit like Britain's Super Thursday，when hundreds of hardbacks hit the shelves on the first Thursday of October，but much bigger：Two﹣thirds of books in Iceland are published in November and December．Hundreds of new titles go on sale in bookshops and supermarkets at reduced prices，a Yuletide（圣诞季）custom that has also become vital for the publishing industry's survival．
On Christmas Eve，Icelanders traditionally exchange books and spend the evening reading books﹣perhaps curling up by the fireside with the latest crime novel by Arnaldur Indridason．Almost seven out of 10 Icelanders buy at least one book as a Christmas gift，according to the Icelandic Publishers Association．
"Literature is very important in Iceland and it is，I guess，the art form that is something the whole public can relate to，"said Sigrun Hrolfsdottir，an artist and mother of two children．Her daughter and son have already picked the books they want out of the Bokatidindi，an 80﹣page catalog of novels，poetry and children's books distributed free to all households．
Iceland's literary tradition was born about 900 years ago with the Icelandic Sagas，widely seen as a gem in world literature and still studied in school by Icelandic children today．The Jolabokaflod started during World War II，when paper was one of the few things not rationed in Iceland．Because of this，Icelanders gave books as gifts while other commodities in short supply，turning them into a country of bookaholics to this day，according to jolabokafiod．org．In fact，a 2013 study conducted at Bifrost University found that 50 percent of Icelanders read more than eight books a year and 93 percent read at least one．
（1）How do Icelandic people celebrate Christmas each year？　　
A．Giving books as gifts and reading． B．Purchasing smaller gifts for children．
C．Holding large family parties on Christmas Eve． D．Composing stories for family members．
（2）Why does the author give the example of Sigrun Hrolfsdotti？　　
A．To advertise Christmas Book Flood．
B．To tell us how clever her two children are．
C．To publicize the grand Christmas occasion in Iceland．
D．To show the importance of reading in Icelandic culture．
（3）What does the underlined word "gem" in the last paragraph most probably mean？　　
A．A fine tradition．B．The best work．C．A great event．D．An important subject．
（4）What does the last paragraph mainly talk about？　　
A．The history of Iceland． B．The origin of the Jolabokaflod．
C．The activities on Christmas Eve． D．The impact of the Jolabokaflod．
【考点】文学艺术类阅读；议论文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文属于议论文阅读，主要介绍了冰岛的圣诞的习俗，以及传统文化．
【解答】（1）A．细节理解题．根据第一段In the land of the Sagas，it isn't Christmas if there isn't a flood of books under the tree﹣ literally．在传奇之乡，如果树下没有一大堆书的话，那就不是圣诞节了．再根据第三段On Christmas Eve，Icelanders traditionally exchange books and spend the evening reading books﹣perhaps curling up by the fireside with the latest crime novel by Arnaldur Indridason．Almost seven out of 10 Icelanders buy at least one book as a Christmas gift，according to the Icelandic Publishers Association．根据冰岛出版商协会（Icelandic Publishers Association）的数据，在圣诞前夜，冰岛人传统上会交换书籍，晚上可能会蜷缩在炉边阅读，可知冰岛人每年庆祝圣诞节会把书当作礼物，并且在炉边阅读．故选A．
（2）D．细节理解题．根据第四段 "Literature is very important in Iceland and it is，I guess，the art form that is something the whole public can relate to，"said Sigrun Hrolfsdottir，an artist and mother of two children．"文学在冰岛是非常重要的，我想，它是整个公众都能理解的艺术形式，"一位艺术家和两个孩子的母亲Sigrun Hrolfsdottir说．可知给出了Sigrun﹣Hrolfsdotti的例子展示阅读在冰岛文化中的重要性．故选D．
（3）B．词义猜测题．根据第五段Iceland's literary tradition was born about 900 years ago with the Icelandic Sagas，widely seen as a gem in world literature and still studied in school by Icelandic children today．冰岛的文学传统诞生于大约900年前的冰岛传奇，被广泛视为世界文学的瑰宝，可知下划线的"gem"是指最好的作品．A fine tradition 一个优良传统，The best work最好的作品，A great event 一件大事，An important subject 一件重要物品．故选B．
（4）B．段落大意题．根据最后一段的内容"约拉博卡弗洛德始于二战期间，当时纸张是冰岛为数不多的不定量供应的东西之一．正因如此，冰岛人把书作为礼物送给根据jolabokafiod．org的数据，其他商品供不应求，使他们成为一个书迷国家，直到今天．事实上，比弗罗斯特大学（Bifrost University）2013年进行的一项研究发现，50%的冰岛人一年阅读超过8本书，93%的人至少阅读一本书．"可知最后一段主要简述了约拉博卡弗洛德的起源．故选B．
Passage 8．（2020•青浦区一模）
Though the spread of good reproduction （复制品） of works of art can be culturally valuable， museums continue to promote the special status of original work and highlight the authenticity （真实） of its exhibits． Unfortunately， this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors．
One limitation is related to the way the museum presents its exhibits． Art museums are often called "treasure houses"． We are reminded of this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards who keep us away from the exhibits． In addition， a major collection like that of London's National Gallery is housed in numerous rooms， where a single piece of work is likely to be worth more than all the average visitor possesses． In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth， it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one's own relative "worthlessness" in such an environment．
Furthermore， consideration of the "value" of the original work in its treasure house setting impresses upon the viewer that since these works were originally produced， they have been assigned a huge value in terms of money by some person or institution more powerful than themselves． Evidently， nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value， and so today's viewer is discouraged from trying to extend that spontaneous， immediate， self﹣reliant kind of interpretation which would originally have met the work．
The visitor may then be struck by the strangeness of seeing such a variety of paintings， drawings and sculptures brought together in an environment for which they were not originally created． This "displacement effect" is further heightened by the huge volume of exhibits． In the case of a major collection， there are probably more works on display than we could realistically view in weeks or even months．
This is particularly distressing because time seems to be a vital factor in the appreciation of all art forms． A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed． Operas， novels and poems are read in a prescribed time sequence， whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing， or at which to finish． Thus art works themselves encourage us to view them superficially， without appreciating the richness of detail and labor that is involved．
Consequently， the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian， a specialized academic approach devoted to "discovering the meaning" of art within the cultural context of its time． This is in harmony with the museum's function， since the approach is dedicated to seeking out and conserving "authentic"， "original" readings of the exhibits．
（1）The writer mentions London's National Gallery to illustrate　　．
A． the undesirable cost to a nation of maintaining a huge collection of art
B． the conflict that may arise in society between financial and artistic values
C． the negative effect a museum can have on visitors' opinion of themselves
D． the need to put individual well﹣being above large﹣scale artistic schemes
（2）The writer says that today viewers may be unwilling to criticize a work because they　　．
A． lack the knowledge needed B． fear it may have financial implications
C． have no real concept of the work's value D． feel their personal reaction is of no significance
（3）The writer says that unlike other forms of art， the appreciation of a painting does not　　．
A． involve direct contact with an audience B． require a specific location for performance
C． need the involvement of other professionals D． call for a specific beginning or ending
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？　　
A． Original work： killer of artistic appreciation B． Original work： reduction to value of art works
C． Original work： substitute for reproduction D． Original work： art historians' bread and butter
【考点】文学艺术类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文章主要讲述了某些艺术作品原著的存在以及过多的强调且真实性，会影响游客们对艺术品的欣赏体验．
【解答】1．C．细节理解题．根据文章第二段， Art museums are often called "treasure houses"． We are reminded of this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards who keep us away from the exhibits…In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth， it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one's own relative "worthlessness" in such an environment．艺术博物馆通常被称为"宝库"．甚至在我们观看藏品之前，保安就提醒我们不要靠近展品．此外，像伦敦国家美术馆这样的大型藏品被安置在许多房间里，在那里一件作品可能比普通游客拥有的所有藏品都值钱．在一个如此以物质价值来判断个人个人地位的社会里，在这样的环境中，很难不被自己相对的"无价值"所打动．可知，作者提到伦敦国家美术馆是为了表明博物馆对游客自身价值的负面的影响，结合选项，故选C．
2．D．细节理解题．根据文章第三段，Furthermore， consideration of the "value" of the original work in its treasure house setting impresses upon the viewer that since these works were originally produced， they have been assigned a huge value in terms of money by some person or institution more powerful than themselves． Evidently， nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value， and so today's viewer is discouraged from trying to extend that spontaneous， immediate， self﹣reliant kind of interpretation which would originally have met the work．此外，考虑到宝库中原作的"价值"，观者会想到，这些作品自诞生之日起，就被比他们更强大的人或机构赋予了巨大的金钱价值．显然，观者对作品的任何想法都不是会改变这种价值观，所以今天的观众不愿意尝试扩展这种自发的、即时的、自力更生的解释，即使这种解释本来是符合作品的．可知，人们现在一般不轻易评价作品是因为他们认为自己的评价根本不重要．结合选项，故选D．
3．D．推理判断题．根据文章第五段，A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed． Operas， novels and poems are read in a prescribed time sequence， whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing， or at which to finish． 绘画和其他艺术形式的一个根本区别是看画没有规定的时间．歌剧、小说和诗歌是按规定的时间顺序阅读的，而图画没有明确的开始看的地方或结束的地方．可知，绘画不同于其他艺术形式的地方之一在于，它没有要求一个明确的开始或者结束的时间．结合选项，故选D．
4．A．标题归纳题．根据文章第一段，Though the spread of good reproduction （复制品） of works of art can be culturally valuable， museums continue to promote the special status of original work and highlight the authenticity （真实） of its exhibits． Unfortunately， this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors．尽管艺术作品的良好复制品的传播在文化上是有价值的，但博物馆仍在继续宣传原创作品的特殊地位，并强调其展品的真实性，不幸的是，这似乎严重限制了向游客提供的体验．可知，本文章主要讲述了某些艺术作品原著的存在以及过多的强调且真实性，会影响游客们对艺术品的欣赏体验．结合选项，故选A．
Passage 9．（2020•宝山区一模）
Science fiction paints a future where robots play an important part in everyday life． A technology firm is trying to make that future a reality today with an affordable robot called Artibo． Artibo is small． Its brain， or Al block， is a cube （立方体） that fits in your hand． That block connects to a motor block and two silicon wheels． Assembled， it's about four inches tall．
Artibo is much more than just a robot that you program to move around． Artibo's designers want it to provide companionship and be a resource for learning coding． With its camera， microphone and connection to a cloud﹣based Al， it can respond to voice commands or function like a walkie﹣talkie （对讲机）． It talks like a chatbot and can tell bedtime stories． It can even help you learn other languages!
Artibo isn't quite ready for stores yet， though． It's part of a crowdfunding project． Crowdfunding is a program where you put a request online to a crowd of people． Supporters can then pay large or small amounts to help you finish a project． Artibo will first be available to people who have paid to help bring it into production．
Using computer code to program your own toys is nothing new． LEGO first released a robot kit in 1998． Since then， programmable robots have become one of the best﹣selling units in the LEGC product line． Programming robots might sound comparable to rocket science， but anyone can program one using nothing more than a tablet or a smartphone and code blocks．
Code blocks allow you to program simple or complex commands by assembling visual blocks of code on the canvas （画布） of a computer screen． Just drag and drop a variety of code blocks from a programming menu， link them together， and watch how your robot responds． In Artibo's case coding doesn't stop there． Unlike other similar programmable toys， Artibo will also allow you to write your own code． So as your familiarity with coding increases， you won't lose interest in Artibo．
（1）According to the passage， the purpose of developing Artibo is　　．
A．helping people learn anything they want and providing companionship
B．providing a robot that can move， accompany and help people learn coding
C．chatting with people， telling bedtime stories and supplying languages
D．helping people raise money on line and creating programmable robots
（2）What can be concluded from the passage？____　
A．Programming robots is not really complicated．
B．Programming robots is advanced like a rocket．
C．Programming robots can be used in smartphones．
D．Programming robots used in toys is not new at all．
（3）The passage implies that　　．
A．People can programme various orders even without code blocks
B．Anyone can control Artibo freely unlike other programming toys
C．The more familiar you're with coding， the more you'll like Artibo
D．Artibo is popular in the world especially among young people
【考点】文学艺术类阅读；说明文阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了科幻小说描绘了一个机器人在日常生活中扮演着重要角色的未来．
【解答】1．B．细节理解题．根据文章第二段 Artibo's designers want it to provide companionship and be a resource for learning coding． With its camera， microphone and connection to a cloud﹣based Al， it can respond to voice commands or function like a walkie﹣talkie （对讲机）．阿蒂博的设计师希望它能提供陪伴，并成为学习编码的资源．它的相机，麦克风和连接到基于云的Al，它可以响应语音命令或功能，就像对讲机（对讲机）．可知本文认为，开发Artibo的目的在于提供一个能够移动、陪伴和帮助人们学习编码的机器人；故选B．
2．A．细节理解题．根据文章第四段Using computer code to program your own toys is nothing new． LEGO first released a robot kit in 1998． Since then， programmable robots have become one of the best﹣selling units in the LEGC product line．使用计算机代码来编程自己的玩具并不是什么新鲜事．LEGO在1998年首次发布了一个机器人套件．从那时起，可编程机器人已经成为LEGC生产线上最畅销的产品之一． 可知编程机器人并不是很复杂；故选A．
3．C．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段Artibo will also allow you to write your own code． So as your familiarity with coding increases， you won't lose interest in Artibo．阿蒂博还允许你编写自己的代码．因此，随着你对编码的熟悉程度提高，你不会对阿蒂博失去兴趣．可知这篇文章暗示你对编码越熟悉，你就越喜欢Artibo；故选C．
Passage 10．（2020秋•南京月考）
Chinese pronunciation puzzled experts in China for a long， long time. How do you recover the sounds， immortalized in classical texts？ How do you make the old poems rhyme again？
A scholar， Chen Li， reconstructed the language in the 1840s. He's facing a centuries﹣old problem. He examined the book closely in front of him. It looked old， untidy even. But it had quite a backstory. 1261 years earlier， Lu Fayan outlined what would become the Qieyun （切韵）. He broke down the sound of each character with two more characters! An upper character to match the initial consonant. And a lower character to rhyme with the final sounds， including the tone. With fanqie， you can capture the sound of a syllable! Simple. And clever.
But it didn't give an overview of Chinese phonology （音韵学）. Rhymers needed to take another step： organize this information into tables. The 12th century Rhyme Mirror is full of rime tables. The staring label gives the table number and the kind of rhyme these syllables have. Along the top row are six articulation categories for consonants. And down the side， the four tones. Though the interpretation is debated， confident scholars spent centuries sounding out ancient Chinese syllables and teaching that Chinese had exactly 36 initial consonants.
But Chen Li's not convinced. He's combing through old fanqie and his research revealed laws. There weren't 36 initials. There were 41. Five of them needed to be split in two. But there's more： the sounds in the rime tables are not the sounds in the Qieyun. Later research will go on to show that even the earlier stage itself is complicated. It's a compromise between ancient literary dialects. All this hard work merely left us with categories.
In the early 1900s， a Swede， Karlgren， traveled to China and added an important piece. He filled out the rime categories with real sounds. Linguists went on to refine these reconstructions of Ancient Chinese. They even revealed small but important distinctions， like chongniu （重纽） Actually， it's not a single language called Ancient Chinese. It's a period in linguistic history called Middle Chinese. Because there's an even older language to uncover， a thousand years older sill. Maybe one day we'll rhyme our way into Old Chinese.
（1）How does the author begin the article？　　
A. By raising questions. B. By giving an assumption.
C. By illustrating a typical case. D. By describing a unique scene.
（2）What's the shortcoming of Qieyun？　　
A. It was unpractical to break each character. B. It gave the detailed information about sounds.
C. It became complex with many different characters. D. It failed to give an overview of Chinese phonology.
（3）What contributions did Chen Li make to the Chinese phonology？　　
A. He combed through old Qieyun. B. He found the faults of old Qieyun.
C. He left us with categories and real sounds. D. He made a compromise to ancient dialects.
（4）What's the main idea of this passage？　　
A. The reconstruction of Qieyun. B. The discovery of Rhyme Mirror.
C. The researches on Chinese phonology. D. The development of Chinese language.
【考点】文学艺术类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是一篇文学艺术类阅读理解。文章主要讲的是针对中国文字发音体系的研究，讲了以陈力还有Karlgren为代表的语音学家的研究成果。
【解答】（1）A. 写作手法题。根据第一段中的Chinese pronunciation puzzled experts in China for a long， long time. How do you recover the sounds immortalized in classical texts？ How do you make the old poems rhyme again？（长期以来，汉语发音一直困扰着中国的专家们。怎样才能恢复，经典文献中不朽的声音呢？你怎样使这些古老的诗重新押韵？）可知，作者以提出问题的方式开始文章。故选A.
（2）D. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的But it didn't give an overview of Chinese phonology.（但它并不能涵盖汉语音韵学的所有内容）可知，切韵的缺点是不能全部涵盖汉语音韵学的所有内容。故选D.
（3）B. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的But Chen Li's not convinced. He's combing through old fanqie and his research revealed flaws.（但是陈力并没有被说服。他在梳理过去的反切，并且他的研究发现了一些缺陷）可知，陈力对汉语音韵学的贡献是他发现了老式切韵的缺点。所以选B.
（4）C. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Chinese pronunciation puzzled experts in China for a long， long time. How do you recover the sounds immortalized in classical texts？ How do you make the old poems rhyme again？（长期以来，汉语发音一直困扰着中国的专家们。怎样才能恢复经典文献中不朽的声音呢？你怎样使这些古老的诗重新押韵？ ）结合文章讲的是针对中国文字发音体系的研究，讲了以陈力还有Karlgren为代表的语音学家的研究成果。可知，这篇文章的主旨是汉语音韵学研究。故选C.