作业22-阅读理解-七选五专项练 - 2021年高二英语暑假作业（人教版2019）

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Text 01
Any art r skill is pssessed by thse wh have frmed the habit f perating accrding t its rules. This is the way the artist in any field differs frm thse wh lack his skill.
Nw there is n ther way f frming a habit than by perating. That is what it means t say ne learns t d by ding. The difference between yur activity befre and after yu have frmed a habit is a difference in readiness. 1． That is what it means t say practice makes perfect. Yu d smething as if yu were brn t it, as if the activity were as natural t yu as walking r eating. 2．
Knwing the rules f an art is nt the same as having the habit. When we speak f a man as skilled in any way, we d nt mean that he knws the rules f making r ding smething, but that he pssesses the habit f ding it. 3． Yu cannt fllw rules yu d nt knw. Nr can yu acquire an artistic habit withut fllwing rules. The art as smething that can be taught cnsists f rules t be fllwed in peratin. The art as smething learned and pssessed cnsists f the habit that results frm perating accrding t the rules.
4． Peple pint t a highly riginal painter r sculptr and say, “He isn’t fllwing rules. He’s ding smething entirely riginal, smething that has never been dne befre.” But they fail t see what rules the artist fllws. There are n final, unbreakable rules fr making a painting. 5． Thse rules the painter must have fllwed, r else he culd nt have made the thing he has made. N matter hw riginal his final prductin is, n matter hw little it seems t bey the rules f art, he must be skilled t prduce it.
A．After practice, yu can d the same thing much better.
B．That is what it means t say that habit is secnd nature.
C．But there are rules fr mixing paints and applying them.
D．Each separate act requires yur full attentin while yu are ding it.
E.Of curse, it is true that knwing the rules is a cnditin f getting the skill.
F.Like any skill wrth mastering, a gd habit requires time and dedicatin t develp.
G.Incidentally, nt everyne understands that being an artist lies in perating accrding t rules.
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了“任何艺术或技能都是由那些养成了按其规则操作的习惯的人所拥有的”这个道理。
1．【答案】A
【解析】根据空后“That is what it means t say practice makes perfect.（这就是熟能生巧的意思。）”可知，该句应该介绍熟能生巧的意思。结合选项，A选项（经过练习，同样的事情你可以做得更好。）表达此意。故选A。
2．【答案】B
【解析】根据空前“Yu d smething as if yu were brn t it, as if the activity were as natural t yu as walking r eating.（你做某件事，就好像你生来就是做这件事的料，就好像这件事对你来说就像散步或吃饭一样自然。）”可知，空前这句表达的是“习惯成自然”的意思。结合选项，B选项（这就是说习惯是第二天性的意思）符合语境。故选B。
3．【答案】E
【解析】根据空后“Yu cannt fllw rules yu d nt knw. Nr can yu acquire an artistic habit withut fllwing rules.（你不能遵守你不懂的规则。不遵循规则，也不可能养成艺术习惯。）”可知，养成艺术习惯的一个根本前提是要了解对应的规则。结合选项，E选项（当然，了解规则是获得技能的条件之一。）表达此意。故选E。
4．【答案】G
【解析】根据后文“Peple pint t a highly riginal painter r sculptr and say, “He isn’t fllwing rules. He’s ding smething entirely riginal, smething that has never been dne befre.” But they fail t see what rules the artist fllws.（人们指着一位极具原创性的画家或雕刻家说:“他没有遵守规则。他在做一些完全独创的东西，一些以前从未有人做过的东西”。但他们没有看到艺术家遵循了什么规则。）”可知，艺术家在创作的时候遵循了一定的规则，但是很多人没有看到这一点。G选项（顺便说一句，并不是每个人都明白，作为一个艺术家，必须按规则行事。）表达此意。故选G。
5．【答案】C
【解析】空后“Thse rules the painter must have fllwed, r else he culd nt have made the thing he has made.”提到：画家一定遵循了这些规则，否则他不可能做出他所做的东西。那么该空应该介绍画家必须遵循的规则。结合选项，C选项（但是调色和使用是有规则的。）提到了这些规则。同时和空前的“There are n final, unbreakable rules fr making a painting.（在绘画中没有最终的、不可打破的规则。）”构成转折。故选C。
Text 02
The Pmdr Technique was develped by Francesc Cirill in the 1980s. The technique uses a timer t divide yur wrk int 25-minute sessins called "pmdri."6．When yu have cmpleted fur pmdri, it's time fr a lnger break f 20 t 30 minutes. It's simple and easy t use. Fllw the steps belw t start using it.
●Check yur schedule. Yur first step is t check yur schedule. 7．Estimate hw lng each task shuld take yu, in terms f the number f pmdri yu will need t cmplete it.
●Set yur timer. Befre yu start, make sure that yu have everything yu need. Set yur timer fr the wrk perid yu've settled n.
●Take a shrt break. When yur timer ges ff, take a five-minute break.Yu shuld d this even if yu're busy, because these breaks are yur time t rest and "recharge yur batteries."8．The Pmdr apprach wrks by maintaining yur energy, s that yu dn't need t wrk n tasks when yur cncentratin levels are lw.
●9．When yur break is ver, reset yur timer fr the next sessin and cntinue yur wrk. When yu've cmpleted fur pmdri, take a 20- t 30-minute break. Use it t g fr a walk, have lunch, read a bk... anything, s lng as it takes yu away frm yur desk fr a while and clears yur mind.
Remember, it is imprtant t listen t yur bdy. If yur mind starts t wander r yu start t feel tired, dn't push thrugh t the end f the sessin.10．It may be that three pmdri fllwed by a 20-minute break suits yu best, r that five sessins fllwed by a 30-minute break is better.
A．Yu might want t experiment with this.
B．Yu can use whatever srt f timer yu like.
C．After each sessin, yu take a five-minute break.
D．Irregular shrt breaks help t keep yu fcused and energetic.
E.Cntinue yur wrk sessins and take a lnger break.
F.Cirill argues that energy levels are far mre imprtant than time.
G.Lk at yur t-d list and think abut what yu need t d tday.
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了由弗朗西斯科·西里洛在20世纪80年代发明的pmdri工作法，以及在工作中使用它的一些步骤。
6．【答案】C
【解析】根据上一句The technique uses a timer t divide yur wrk int 25-minute sessins called “pmdri.” 这种方法使用计时器将你的工作分成25分钟的时间段，称为“pmdri”；以及下一句When yu have cmpleted fur pmdri, it's time fr a lnger break f 20 t 30 minutes. 当你完成了4个pmdri，就需要20到30分钟的休息时间。可知此处内容与休息的时间有关，选项C“每个时间段结束后，休息五分钟。”符合题意。故选C。
7．【答案】G
【解析】根据上一句Yur first step is t check yur schedule. 你的第一步是查看你的时间表。可知此处内容与查看时间表和任务有关，选项G“看看你的任务清单，想想你今天需要做什么。”符合题意。故选G。
8．【答案】F
【解析】根据下一句The Pmdr apprach wrks by maintaining yur energy, s that yu dn't need t wrk n tasks when yur cncentratin levels are lw. Pmdr工作法的工作原理是保持你的能量，这样当你的注意力不集中的时候，你就不需要去做其他的事情了。可知此处内容与西里洛认为保持能量比较重要有关，选项F“西里洛认为，能量水平远比时间重要。”符合题意。故选F。
9．【答案】E
【解析】此处是本段小标题。根据下文 When yur break is ver, reset yur timer fr the next sessin and cntinue yur wrk. When yu've cmpleted fur pmdri, take a 20- t 30-minute break. 当你的休息结束后，为下一阶段重置你的定时器并继续你的工作。当你完成了4个pmdri，休息20-30分钟。可知此处内容与休息时间后继续工作有关，选项E“继续工作，休息更长时间。”符合题意。故选E。
10．【答案】A
【解析】根据下一句It may be that three pmdri fllwed by a 20-minute break suits yu best, r that five sessins fllwed by a 30-minute break is better. 也许3个时间段后休息20分钟最适合你，或者5个时间段后休息30分钟更好。可知此处内容与尝试新的时间段和休息时间有关，选项A“你可能想要尝试一下。”符合题意。故选A。
Text 03
Be n time. It's a simple cmmand, and ne yu've prbably heard since yu were a child. 11． But, as an adult, if yu're habitually late, yu run the risk f ruining yur prfessinal reputatin-n matter hw smart, cmpetent, r capable yu might be. 12． Here are sme reasns why it definitely des—alng with my tips fr making punctuality a pririty.
It Shws Yu Care
We live in an extrardinarily busy wrld. We schedule meetings and appintments back-t-back, cnstantly surrunded by phne calls, emails, and texts that need t be answered "immediately." Getting t a meeting r appintment n time shws that it's imprtant t yu, and smething fr which yu've planned.13．
It Shws Yu're Respnsible
Yur c-wrkers, clients, and partners want t knw that they can trust yu t get the jb dne-and being punctual is an easy way t demnstrate that yu can. 14． Cnversely, flying dwn the hallway, shwing up breathless t a meeting, then hurrying fr yur papers and ntes gives an impressin f chas and disrder-nt exactly the message yu want t send.
It Reduces Stress
Yu knw hw stressful being late can be. But cnstantly rushing and scrambling t catch up nt nly makes yu feel being in a panic— 15． Making sure that yu shw up n time prevents all that anxiety in the first place (yurs and theirs!). Instead f panicking abut the clck, yu can fcus yur attentin n what really matters—yur jb.
A．Being late can cst yu friends.
B．And, f curse, ne yu've likely ignred befre.
C．it als makes everyne arund yu anxius and uncmfrtable.
D．it als makes yu earn a reputatin f being smene thers can cunt n.
E.It indicates that yu're rganized, respnsible, and in cntrl f yur time.
F.If yu think punctuality desn't matter, think again.
G.Being late, hwever, sends the message that yur time is mre valuable than everyne else's.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，如果你习惯性迟到，无论你多么聪明能干，你都有可能损害你的职业声誉，所以准时是我们每个人都应该遵守并养成的好习惯，以及作者对准时的建议。
11．【答案】B
【解析】由上两句“要准时。这是一个简单的命令，你可能从小就听到过。”可知，ne yu've prbably heard since yu were child中的ne和B项的ne指同一事物，即Be n time（要准时）这件事，要准时是你小时候起就听到的一个要求，是一个你之前就可能忽略的要求，承接上文，B选项“当然，这是一个你以前可能忽略的问题。”切题。故选B项。
12．【答案】F
【解析】由下一句“这里有一些原因，为什么它肯定能做到这一点，还有我的建议，把准时作为优先事项。”和下文内容可知，下文谈到准时很重要的原因，承接下文，F选项“如果你认为准时无关紧要，那就再想想。”切题，起承上启下的作用，正是因为准时很重要，所以当你认为准时无关紧要时，你就再想想。故选F项。
13．【答案】G
【解析】由上一句“准时参加会议或约会表明这对你很重要，你计划好的事情也很重要。”可知，上文谈到准时参加会议或约定会使你认为对方很重要，承接上文，G选项“然而，迟到传达了这样一个信息：你的时间比别人的时间更有价值。”切题；前后两句含转折对比含义，G项谈到being late与上文的n time作为对比，符合题意。故选G项。
14．【答案】E
【解析】由本段小标题“这表明你有责任”可知，承接上文，E选项“它表明你有条理，有责任心，能控制自己的时间。”切题；该选项与小标题It Shws Yu're Respnsible的意思表达一致，都与责任有关。故选E项。
15．【答案】C
【解析】由上一句“但是，不断的匆忙赶超不仅会让你感到惊慌失措”可知，上文的makes yu feel being in panic和C项的als makes everyne arund yu anxius and uncmfrtable句式和表达的意思一致，都表达了迟到带来的弊端（迟到使你感到慌乱，也使你周围的人感到紧张和不舒服），承接上文，C选项“这也会让你周围的人感到焦虑和不安。”切题。故选C项。
Text 04
I didn’t like dealing with lines and angles in math class. 16． Take advantage f lines, shapes, and angles when reviewing yur garden ideas and laying ut yur yard t add drama and impact.
Relying n artistic principles fr landscape design, line is ne f the mst imprtant and useful f all design elements. 17． Think abut the distant hrizn the line created when a lawn ends and flwer brders begin. A side walk, a driveway, r a fence is a clear and readily accessible line in the landscape. As yu plan and design yur garden, always cnsider the line created by whatever yu are adding.
There are fur main ways t describe lines: curved (弧形的), straight, hrizntal, and vertical. 18． Curved lines shape infrmal garden beds and add interest t pathways. Straight lines inspire a sense f rder and neatness that is mre frmal. Calming hrizntal lines create a sense f stability. Think f ceans and hw its wide expanse meets the sky, creating an acknwledged sense f peacefulness and majesty (壮观). Vertical lines prject a sense f strength and mvement.
19． Lines ging away frm yu n the grund draw yu frward. Hrizntal lines n the grund slw yu dwn. Vertical lines lead the eye up and ut f the garden. Curving lines take the eye n an interesting jurney. 20． It is up t yu t knw where the lines will lead yu and what yu will see when yu get there.
A．All lines are desirable.
B．Everything in the garden invlves line.
C．Hwever, I lve using them when thinking abut landscape ideas.
D．Nne is mre imprtant than the thers—each has different effects.
E. N matter which types f line yu use, be aware that lines lead the eyes.
F. But yu shuld learn t use them while thinking abut yur garden design.
G. Using similar landscape features and repeating plants pulls the eye arund the garden.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了线条在花园景观设计中的作用。
16．【答案】C
【解析】由上一句“我不喜欢在数学课上处理线条和角度。”可知，该空的作用是承上启下，承接上文，C选项“然而，我喜欢在考虑景观设计时使用它们。”切题；C项既能和上一句形成转折关系表明喜欢在考虑景观设计时使用线条和角度，又能引出后文作者关于用线条和角度怎样设计花园景观的叙述。故选C项。
17．【答案】B
【解析】由上一句“依据景观设计的艺术原则，线条是所有设计元素中最重要和最有用的元素之一。”和本段最后一句“当你计划和设计你的花园时，总是考虑到你添加的任何东西所创造的线条。”可知，本段的核心词是line，设计花园时总是考虑线条，说明线条在花园设计中很常见、很重要（即花园里随处可见线条），承接上下文，B选项“花园里的每样东西都有线条。”切题。故选B项。
18．【答案】D
【解析】由本段后四句“弯曲的线条塑造了非正式的花园床，增加了小路的趣味性。直线能激发出一种更正式的秩序感和整洁感。平静的水平线创造了一种稳定的感觉。想想海洋，想想它的广阔与天空是如何相通的，创造出一种公认的和平与壮观。垂直线给人一种力量感和动感。”可知，下文讲了四种线给人不同的感觉，即四种线作用不同、风格各异，承接下文，D选项“没有什么比他们更重要了，每个都有不同的效果。”切题。故选D项。
19．【答案】E
【解析】由本段的“地面上远离你的线把你向前拉。地面上的水平线会减慢速度。垂直线引导眼睛向上并离开花园。弯弯曲曲的线条让人眼前一亮。”和“这取决于你是否知道这些线会把你带到哪里，当你到达那里时你会看到什么。”可知，这些线条会引导我们的眼睛看到不同的东西，因此在使用线条时，要注意不同线条的引导（眼睛的）作用，承接下文，E选项“不管你用哪种线条，都要注意线条引导眼睛。”切题。故选E项。
20．【答案】A
【解析】该句的位置属于总结句的位置，由本段上面四句“地面上远离你的线把你向前拉。地面上的水平线会减慢速度。垂直线引导眼睛向上并离开花园。弯弯曲曲的线条让人眼前一亮。”可知，四种线条作用不同，都有用，此处应该是对四种线条做出总结，承接上文，A选项“所有的线都是可取的。”切题。故选A项。
Text 05
Once, I had an American friend. After she went back hme, I never heard frm her again. I can't help but wnder if there can ever be real friendship between Westerners and us Chinese.
What is friendship? The Oxfrd English Dictinary says, "The emtins r cnduct f friends. "In bth Western and Chinese culture, we have similar prverbs when it cmes t friendship, such as"a friend in need is a friend indeed."21．
Chinese peple value friendship highly. As yu knw, Chinese peple are knwn t be extremely hspitable and pen-hearted.22． Hwever, there are different types f friend ship and they treat them differently.
One type f friend in China is a "clse acquaintance" wh nly ccasinally eats and drinks and hangs ut with yu. In the West, they are called "a fair-weather(不可共患难的）friend. "Nikki was that kind f friend. Despite ur language barrier, we had a lt f fun ． Only real friends can enter yur inner circle, where assistance and special care are always prvided.
24． They tend t make friends with thse wh share the same values r interests. When freign friend f mine asks fr favrs n behalf f his r her friend, I ften have t clarify whether that persn is a "clse friend" r just a friend, and then I will decide hw much I will help.
25． But the depth f that friendship is different. S hw will yu knw hw l feel ab ut yu? Well, the mment I stp being plite arund yu, yu are my real friend.
A．They refer t anyne they knw as a "friend."
B．Friendship in the West is mstly pursued fr fun.
C．Hwever, there is a cultural gap between the tw sides.
D．Of curse, Westerners and Chinese peple can be gd friends.
E. Real friends can share all ur srrws and duble all ur jys.
F. The secnd type f friend in China is a "real friend" wh is practically yur family.
G. They'll take turns with yu in picking up the bill, because that's what gd friends d.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中西方在友谊文化上的差距。
21．【答案】C
【解析】根据前一句“In bth Western and Chinese culture, we have similar prverbs when it cmes t friendship, such as ‘a friend in need is a friend indeed.’”可知，在中西方文化中，我们在友谊方面有类似的谚语，比如“患难与共”。C项“然而，双方在文化上存在差距”承上启下，C项中的“the tw sides”和上文“In bth Western and Chinese culture”相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。
22．【答案】A
【解析】根据前一句“As yu knw, Chinese peple are knwn t be extremely hspitable and pen-hearted.”可知，众所周知，中国人非常好客，心胸开阔。A项“他们把认识的人称为’朋友’”承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。
23．【答案】F
【解析】根据上文的“One type f friend in China is a "clse acquaintance" wh nly ccasinally eats and drinks and hangs ut with yu.”可知，在中国，有一种朋友是“亲密的熟人”，只会偶尔和你一起吃喝喝和闲逛。F项“中国的第二类朋友是“真正的朋友”，实际上就是你的家人”承上启下，F项中的“The secnd type f friend in China”和上文的“One type f friend in China”相呼应，符合语境。故选F项。
24．【答案】B
【解析】根据后一句“They tend t make friends with thse wh share the same values r interests.”可知，他们倾向于与那些价值观或兴趣相同的人交朋友。B项“西方的友谊主要是为了好玩” 与下文紧密衔接，B项中的“fr fun”和下文的“share the same values r interests”相呼应，符合语境。故选B项。
25【答案】D
【解析】．根据后一句“But the depth f that friendship is different.”可知，但这种友谊的深度是不同的。D项“当然，西方人和中国人可以成为好朋友”与下文紧密衔接，D项中的“can be gd friends”和下文的“that friendship”相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。