专题13 高频句式结构（讲解版）-备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破

专题13 高频句式结构 备战2022年高考英语精选考点专项突破（讲解版） 句式1：It /This / That is /was the first /second /... time that...考法1 该句型表示 “这/那是第一二次……”, 从句常用完成时。当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，从句用现在完成时；当主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。考法2①、It is( about high) time that...   意为“到某人做…的时候了”，从句谓语用过去式(be动词用were)或“ should+动词原形”。②、It is time( for sb...)to do    是(某人)做…的时候了。③、the first time可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。④、for the first time  意为“第一次”，在句中单独作状语。经典例句●The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power，it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face... 漆黑的夜晚,风雨交加,电闪雷鸣,我全然被这种力量镇住了;这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…● And this is the first time I've visited your hometown.    这是我第一次去你的家乡。句式2、“make+it+adj.+( for sb./sth.) to do sth."结构考法1 在该结构中, it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式结构，it后的形容词为宾语补足语，for用于引出不定式的逻辑主语。考法2①、能用于上述结构的动词还有 consider, think, find, believe, feel, judge等。②、该结构中的宾语补足语除了可以用形容词外，还可以用名词(词组)。③、真正的宾语除了可以用不定式结构之外，还可以用that引导的从句。经典例句●Does this disability make it difficult for them to do some things? 这种残疾会不会使他们在做一些事情时有困难呢?●He made it clear that he wanted me to stay for another week.    他清楚地表示他希望我能再待一周。句式 3  not all...部分否定考法  not all...表示部分否定。具有全体意义的代词或副词both, every, everyone, everywhere, everybody, everything, always, entirely, completely, wholly, altogether等，可与not连用构成部分否定。经典例句●Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，对身体接触和相互间距离感到舒服自在的程度也并不一样。句式 4   ever since句型考法1  ever since意为“从……以后一直”，主句要用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。具有类似用法的时间状语还有 so far, up till now, by now, recently, lately, since last month,  "in/for/during/ over the past/last+一段时间”，since...ago等。考法2  It is/ has been-+时间段+ since...自从…...已经多久了。It will be//was+时间段+ before...再有多长时间才…... ，在“It is/ has been+时间段+ since...”句型中,若 since从句中的谓语动词用的是延续性动词的过去式,句子意思要发生变化，表示该动作结束有多长时间了。经典例句●Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.从中学起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想进行一次伟大的自行车旅行。●Greece's best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their work has influenced other writers ever since.希腊最著名的作家们生活在古代的雅典。他们的作品影响了后世的作家。●It was exactly five years since her father had died.   从她父亲去世到现在正好满五年。●It is a long time since he studied English.    他不学英语好长时间了。句式 5  too+adj./adv.+ to do sth.   太…而不能做某事考法1 too在此意为“太; 过于; 过度”, 该句式具有否定意义, 可以转换为“not+adj./adv.+ enough to do sth.”或“so+adj./adv.+that...not...”句式。考法2 并不是只要出现“too+adj./adv.+ to do sth.”结构, 句子就表示否定意义。①、too前面有否定词 never或can't时, 表示强烈的肯定意义。②、too相当于very, 表示“很; 非常”, 修饰kind, ready, willing, eager, anxious, satisfied, happy, glad等表示态度、心情的形容词时, 表示肯定意义。③、too前面有all, only, but修饰时,  all too/ only too/ but too意为“很; 极; 非常…(到令人遗憾的地步)”, 表示肯定意义。经典例句●I'm too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future!   我现在忙于享受生活, 无暇担心将来!● Nothing is too small to celebrate.    即使是小事也值得庆祝。●It' s never too old to learn.   活到老学到老。●You cannot be too careful to cross the street.   你过马路时越小心越好。●He is too willing to follow others' advice.    他非常愿意接受别人的建议。●They are all too satisfied to do this work.    他们都很乐意去做这项工作。●That' s only too true.    那千真万确。● It was but too true.    很遗憾, 那是真实的。句式 6  It was a time when...考法  It /This /That / There was a time when...  意为“曾经/一度/那时……”, when在此句型中引导定语从句。经典例句●It was a time when the killer whales, or "killers"as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.那个时期, 虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。● It was a time when anything seemed possible.     那是一个看似任何事都可能发生的时代。句式 7  祈使句+and/or/ otherwise+陈述句考法 “祈使句+and/or/ otherwise+陈述句”为常见句型, 其中祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句, and之后的句子相当于主句, 所以用一般将来时。如果祈使句与陈述句之间为顺承关系(表示一个肯定条件), 则用连词and连接; 如果它们之间是转折关系(表示一个否定条件), 则用连词or或 otherwise连接。在该句型中,祈使句有时也可换成名词短语。经典例句●Get up early, and you'll catch the early bus. =If you get up early, you'll catch the early bus.早点起床, 你将会赶上早班车。●Get up early, or you'll miss the early bus. =If you don't get up early, you'll miss the early bus.早点起床, 否则你会错过早班车。句式 8  be supposed to do sth.结构考法1  当“ be supposed to.”的主语为人时, 意为“应该……”或“被期望”, 它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等, 相当于情态动词 should.。考法2  当“ be supposed to..”的主语为物时, 它表示“本应; 本该”, 用于表示“某事应该发生而没有发生”。考法3  be supposed to have done sth.  理应做过某事(但可能没有做)(含有虚拟含义)suppose sb./sth.to be...   认为某人/某物是…It is supposed that...     人们认为…be supposed to be...    被认为/料想是…经典例句●We' re supposed to check out of the hotel by11o' clock.    我们应该在11点之前从酒店退房。●The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy and the development of adult identity.大学时期应当是自主性和成人身份认同的重要成长期。●Jack is supposed to have finished his work now.     杰克现在应当已经完成工作了。句式 9   be doing..when...正在做…这时…考法1  在此句型中, when意为“这时”, 相当于 and then。考法2  when意为“就在这时; 恰恰在这时”时, 还常用在下列句型中:be about to do... when...     正打算做…..这时…...be just going to do... when...     正要做……这时…...had just done...when...     刚做了……这时…...be on the point of doing...when...    正要做…...这时…...经典例句●He was walking to school the other day when he let a bicycle run right into him.前些天他正步行去上学,突然有辆自行车迎面撞上了他。●I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door.   我刚想出门,这时有人敲门。●I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室,我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。●The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady's handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中, 这时公共汽车突然停了。句式 10  so that引导的从句考法 1  so that意为“以致;结果”, 引导结果状语从句。考法2  so that也可表示“以便; 为了”, 引导目的状语从句。考法3  so that引导结果状语从句与目的状语从句的区别so that引导目的状语从句时, 从句中常含有情态动词may/might, can/ could, should, would等, 可与 in order that换用; 而引导结果状语从句时, 从句中一般不用can和may等词。经典例句●She worked hard so that (in order that everything would be ready in time.她努力工作,为的是及时作好各项准备。(目的状语从句)●He worked hard at his lessons, so that he gained high grades in the exams.他努力学习,结果考试获得了好成绩。(结果状语从句)句式 11  as...as...引导比较状语从句考法   ①、as...as...结构中, 第一个as为副词, 第二个as为连词, 引导比较状语从句, 从句常用省略形式; 第二个as也可作介词, 后接名词或代词。②、同级比较的否定形式为 not so//as.as③、可修饰倍数、百分数、分数等, 如 twice, three times ,half, a quarter等, 被修饰成分须置于第一个as之前。当as...as...中间有名词时, 其结构为:“as+adj.+a/an+n (可数名词单数)+as”或“as+adj.+n.(可数名词复数或不可数名词)+as”。经典例句●This film is as interesting as that one.    这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。●I haven't known him as long as you (have known him).   我认识他的时间没有你长。●This dictionary is not so useful as you think.    这本词典不如你想的那样有用。●Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.    你的包比我的贵一倍。句式 12  so... that...句型考法1  so... that...意为“如此……以至于…, that引导结果状语从句, 其结构为: ①、so+ adj. /adv. + that...②、so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+ that...③、so+many/few+可数名词复数+ that...④、so+much/ little((少)+不可数名词+that...考法2  such... that...也引导结果状语从句, 其结构为:①、such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that...②、such+adj.+可数名词复数+that...③、such+adj.+不可数名词+that...当 so.../such...位于句首时, 句子要部分倒装。经典句型●And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it!我的记忆量变得如此巨大,甚至连我自己都无法相信!●Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?谁没有收到过如此恼人以至于毁掉了一整天的邮件呢?●Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned about the multiplied nutria that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. =So concerned about the multiplied nutria were scientists in Louisiana that they decided to pay hunters$5 a tail.路易斯安那州的科学家们如此担心海狸鼠泛滥, 以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴5美元付给猎人们。●It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.=It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.天气如此热, 谁也不想干任何事。●I made so many mistakes in the composition that the teacher criticized me.= So many mistakes did I make in the composition that the teacher criticized me.我在作文中犯了许多错误,老师批评了我。句式 13  “of + n."结构考法①、“of+n.”结构中的名词是抽象名词时, 相当于该名词所对应的形容词的意思, 说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性, 在句中可作表语、定语或宾语补足语。具有该用法的名词有: use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit等。这些名词前可用great, no, little, some, any, not much等修饰, 以表示不同程度。②、“of+n.”结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时, 表示不同的人或物的共同特征,此时名词前通常有冠词。常用的这类名词size, type, kind, price, height, depth, length, weight, age, shape, color等。③、“of+n.”结构还可以表示人的特点、特性, 常用的有“of+ wealth/ education/ courage/ achievement/ ability”等。经典句型● These two rooms are of the same size.   这两间房一样大●Your sister is a girl of wisdom.     你妹妹是一个有智慧的女孩句式14  only if句型考法1  only if引导的条件状语从句, 是一个对“条件”限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句”，表示“只有…(才);只有在…...的时候; 唯一的条件是…” 的意思；与if引导的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强主句语势的作用考法2 【拓展】 if only：意为“要是……该多好；但愿”，常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。它可以独立使用，表示由于客观条件限制，为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情，常用虚拟语气：表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用had done；表示与现在相反的愿望，从句谓语用did(be动词用were)；表示与将来相反的愿望，从句谓语用“ would/ could/might+动词原形”。经典例句●Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在那里时，天空中其他行星的运转才能说得通。●If only you had not told Tom what I said, everything would have been all right.要是你没有把我的话告诉汤姆就好了，那样就不会出什么问题了。句式15  “find+sb./sth.+宾语补足语”复合结构考法 ①、 find+sb./sth. Doing   发现某人/某物在做(表主动)②、find sb./sth.done   发现某人/某物被……(表被动)③、find oneself in//at...   发觉自己在/处于…...经典句型●Well, toward nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.哎,傍晚时分，我发现自己被一阵大风刮到了大海上。●I think you'll find more women entering the film business now.我想你会发现现在有更多的女性进入到电影业。句式 16  as though/if引导的从句考法 ①、as though/if意为“好像”，引导表语从句和方式状语从句。②、as though/if引导的表语从句和方式状语从句使用虚拟语气时，若表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用过去时；若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用过去完成时；若表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语用“ would/ could//might++动词原形”。③、如果 as though/if引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符,则使用陈述语气。④、as though/if引导的从句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名词、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。经典例句●The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.这个国家处处都有樱花，看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。●She acted as though nothing had happened.   她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。● It sounds as though you had a good time.   听起来你好像过得挺愉快。●I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!我总是用不同的声音阅读,好像我用自己的声音去表演各种故事,而且他们都很喜欢。●As if unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked around.她仿佛茫然不知身在何处,犹犹豫豫向四周打量。●It seemed as if the end of the world had come.   似乎世界末日来临了一样。句式 17  Nothing could be better...   表示最高级含义考法1 此句表示“没有比这更好的了(这是最好的了)”，为否定词和比较级连用，表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有no，not,  never,  nothing,  nobody,  hardly等。考法2 比较级表最高级含义的多种表达方式:比较级 + than +all the other+名词复数比较级 + than +the other+名词复数比较级 + than + any other+名词单数比较级 + than +any of the other+名词复数比较级 + than +anything/anyone else经典句型●He had never felt less like talking to anyone.他从未如此不想和任何人谈话。●Ican' t agree with you more..我完全同意你的意见。●.---Did you sleep well last night?  ---Never better, like a rock.你昨晚睡得好吗? 从来没这么好过,睡得很沉。句式18  by the time.+从句考法1  “ by the time++从句”意为“当……的时候”，只是说过去某个时候的状况主句常用一般过去时,而不用完成时。考法2   by the time引导时间状语从句，意为“到……时候为止”。①、如果从句用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时、表示截止到从句动作发生时,主句动作已经完成，即“过去的过去”②、如果从句用一般现在时或现在完成时(表将来)，主句常用现在完成时或将来完成时，表示截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成。考法3  “by+时间状语”，主句也应用相应的完成经典例句●He was out of breath by the time he reached the top.    登上峰顶时,他气喘吁吁。●By the time he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.到14岁的时候,爱因斯坦就已经自学完了高等数学。●By the time you get back, I shall have finished the work.到你回来时,我将已经把工作都做完了。句式19  what if句型考法1  what if意为“如果…将会怎样；即使……又有什么关系”，为省略结构，相当于 What shall we// I do if...? what if中what可看作 what should sb.do(某人该怎么办)或 what does it matter(有什么要紧)或 what would happen(将会如何)的省略。考法2 【拓展】①、 What for?  为什么? (相当于 For what purpose）?② 、So what?   那有什么了不起/有什么关系?③、What/ How about..?……  怎么样?④、Guess what!  猜猜看!⑤、What's up?  怎么了?(相当于What' s the matter?)⑥、How come...?    怎么会……?经典例句● What if it isn't a real opportunity? 假如它不是一个真正的机会，将会怎么样?●I try to figure to myself what if I hadn't seen the other car coming on the wrong side of the road.我在设想，如果我没有看到另一辆汽车从错误的车道开过来的话，会发生什么。●So how come you got an invitation and not me?  所以为什么你收到了邀请而我没有?句式 20 wish后的宾语从句考法  wish后接宾语从句，意为“但愿……；希望……”，往往指与事实相反或表示不太可能实现的愿望，从句常用虚拟语气：表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语常用一般过去时，be动词用were；表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语常用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用“ could/ would+动词原形”。经典例句● I wish I had not created this creature;  I wish I were on the other side of the world;  I wish I could disappear.但愿我没有制造出这个家伙；但愿我身处世界的另一边；但愿我可以消失得无影无踪! (第一个wish后的从句表示与过去事实相反的愿望；第二个wish后的从句表示与现在事实相反的愿望；第三个wish后的从句表示与将来事实相反的愿望。)● Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion!有时我真希望能跟他打电话征求他的意见! (与将来事实相反)