专题15 阅读理解_备战2022年小升初英语必考语法和题型

专题15 阅读理解

一、阅读理解的考查内容

阅读理解所给的阅读材料一般有是短文、图表、图片或表格等文字材料，要求学生根据其内容和要求答题。阅读理解是考查学生综合运用英语知识能力的题型。主要考查学生阅读理解、分析判断、语言运用和逻辑思维等方面的能力。

二、阅读理解的常见题型

1. 阅读短文判断正误；

2. 阅读短文选择正确答案；

3. 阅读短文回答问题。

三、阅读理解的解题技巧

1. 看短文后的问题，做到大体了解题意。

2. 带着问题通读全文，有图片或图表的短文，还要仔细观察所给图片或图表，了解短文大意，同时把与短文后问题相关的单词、句子画出来，并认真理解与问题相关的其他信息，做出准确的分析判断。

3. 如果遇到生词，可以根据上下文的意思去猜测此词的意思，切不可抓住一个生词不放，影响对整个短文的理解。

4. 最后再读短文，边读边核实答案。

温馨提示：在做阅读理解时，建议注意以下几点：

1. 采用默读和目视阅读方法，做到不出声不指读； 

2. 集中注意力，不要一遇到阅读故障就停下来；

3. 不要凭主观印象答题，作答时必须先在原文中找到依据；

4. 答题时不要草率，注意看完题目的所有选项，仔细对比依据；

5. 做完题后，一定要复查，确保正确。

(一)阅读短文判断正误

A

(   )1.Keke and Mike go to the restaurant.

(   )2.Keke wants to eat a hamburger.

(   )3.Dashan wants to drink a cola.

(   )4.Mike wants to buy an English book and a pencil.

(   )5.A hamburger and a cola are twelve dollars.

B

There is a small restaurant near our school.It is very nice.The food is very delicious and cheap. Here's the menu:

Fish:￥16 Soup:￥1.5 Meat:￥8 Noodles:￥5Hamburger:￥10 Rice:￥2 Sandwich:￥6

After school,we often go there to eat some food.I like hamburgers.Daming likes sandwiches.Li Ping likes fish. Sometimes our teachers go there to have their dinner.

(   )1. The restaurant is near our school.

(   )2.The soup is $1.5.

(   )3.I have ten yuan.I can buy a hamburger.

(   )4. Li Ping doesn't like fish.

(   )5.The teachers don't go to the restaurant to have dinner.

C

Tomorrow is Sunday.I am going to watch a football match(比赛) .It will begin at half past seven in the evening.Xiaohua and Keke are going to watch it with me.At first we want to go there by bike.But it will rain tomorrow.So we are going there by bus at last.We are going to eat sandwiches after the match. We will come back at ten o'clock in the evening.

(   )1.I am going to watch a basketball match.

(   )2. The match is going to begin at half to seven on Sunday evening.

(   )3. We are going there by bus at last.

(   )4. We are going to eat sandwiches before the match.

(   )5. Today is Saturday.

D

There are four students in the classroom.They are talking about their plans for the summer holiday.Keke is going to Yunnan,because the weather will be fine there. Nancy will go to Beijing.Although(尽管) it will be very hot，she wants to visit the Great Wall.Sam and Amy will go to London.They will visit their grandma.Everyone has a good plan.

(   )1.There are three students in the classroom.

(   )2. The weather will be fine in Yunnan.

(   )3. Nancy will visit the Great Wall.

(   )4.Sam and Amy's grandma doesn't live in London.

(   )5.Everyone has a good plan for the winter holiday.

E

Look! The children are having a birthday party for Tongtong.Keke is singing and Nuonuo is dancing with Mary.Li Ming is playing the piano,but the bell rings.So he stops and everyone waits.Tongtong opens the door.More friends come in. They buy a new schoolbag for Tongtong. Now they are singing"Happy Birthday"to her together. They are very happy today.

(   )1. The children are having breakfast.

(   )2. Nuonuo is dancing with Mary.

(   )3. Li Ming is playing the violin, but the bell rings.

(   )4. Tongtong gets a new schoolbag as a birthday present.

(   )5. They are very happy today.

F

Today is Sunday.In the morning,Anna is sleeping,but the phone rings. She wakes up from her dream. She gets up and goes to the park near her home. She is walking in the park,but it starts to rain.She has to go home.She is reading a book at home,but the bell rings.In the afternoon,Anna is riding her bike,but suddenly a little dog runs to her. She falls off her bike. She is so sad.

(   )1.On Sunday morning,Anna is sleeping,but the phone rings.

(   )2. The park is near Anna's home.

(   )3. Anna is walking in the park,but it starts to snow.

(   )4.Anna is doing her homework,but the bell rings.

(   )5.Anna is riding her bike,but suddenly a rabbit runs to her.

(二) 阅读短文选择正确答案

A

Look at the man. What is he doing?He's carrying a very big box.The box is full of apples. He wants to put the box on the back of his bike and take it home.Can he do that? No,I don't think so.Why? Because the box is too heavy.Look! The box is broken. And the apples are falling. What a poor man! Then he asks for help.Some people run to him and help him. How friendly the people are!

(   )1. The man is        

A. riding a bike    B. carrying a box   C. eating apples

(   )2. What's in the box?

A. Apples.     B. Bananas.    C. Oranges.

(   )3. Can the man put the box on the bike at first?

A. Yes,he can.     B. No,he can't.    C. Yes,he does.

(   )4.Is the box heavy or light?

A.Light.      B. Heavy.     C. Yes, it is.

(   )5. What happens at last?

A. The man falls.    B. Nobody helps him.   C.Some people help him

B

I had a dream last night.I was a taikonaut.Keke was in my dream.She was a taikonaut too.We were in a spaceship.We saw many stars in space.We went to Mars(火星) .Mars was very cold.There was no water and no air.And there were no trees.But there were Martians(火星人) .The Martians were very friendly.We became friends and played games together. We had a lovely time!

(   )1.Last night I had _______

A.a spaceship     B.a dream   C. a present

(   )2. It was very ________on Mars.

A. hot     B.cool     C.cold

(   )3. There were (was)________on Mars.

A. Martians    B. trees    C. water

(   )4. The Martians were______.

A tall     B. proud     C. kind

(   )5.We________with the Martians.

A. had dinner    B. played games   C.made a cake

C

Do you have a bike? Many children like to ride bikes. But where did bikes come from? The first bike was invented(发明) about 200 years ago.A man in Germany made a thing with two wheels.It was called a bicycle.The wheels were made of wood(由木头制成) .The bike was tough to ride.Many people fell off their bikes.

Later,a man made a thing with three wheels.It was called a tricycle.It was easy to ride and safe. But it was very slow.

Since then,bikes have changed in many ways.Today we have many kinds of bikes. People ride bikes everywhere.

(   )1. The passage is about_____.

A.wheels     B. bikes    C. Germany

(   )2. Bikes come from______.

A. China     B. the UK    C. Germany  

(   )3. A tricycle is something with_______wheels.

A. Three     B.two    C. one

(   )4."The bike was tough to ride"means______.

A.it was hard to ride   B.it was easy to ride  C.it was impossible(不可能) to ride

(   )5. The tricycle is______than the bicycle.

A. faster     B. slower     C. heavier

D

Dear Mary,

Thanks for your letter and the great photos. I like your photos very much. Here are some of my photos.In the first photo,I am swimming in the lake.In the second one,I am playing football in the playground in our school.In the third one,you can see my family at home. Were having dinner.In the last one, my little sister Beth is watching TV and I am doing my homework.Best wishes to you and your family. Please write to me soon.

Yours, Jim

(   ) 1. This letter is from ______to _____.

A. Mary; Jim     B. Jim; Mary   C.Beth; Mary   D. Mary; Beth

(   ) 2. Jim sends ____photos to Mary.

A.one     B. two    C. three     D. four

(   ) 3.In the first photo, Jim is____.

A.playing football   B.swimming   C. doing homework  D.reading a book

(   ) 4. Jim has one________.

A. sister     B. brother   C. friends     D. photos

(   ) 5.In the last photo,Jim is________and Beth is________.

A. watching TV; doing her homework     B.doing his homework; watching TV

C. having dinner; writing a letter      D.swimming; having dinner

E

It will be sunny tomorrow.Our family will have a picnic in the park. My dad will drive us there. We will take lots of food and drinks. Were going to eat at half past eleven. I want to eat a hamburger and a hot dog. Dad wants a cola and some bread. Mum wants an egg and some apples.After that, Mum will read a book.Dad and I will fly a kite. We'll have a good time.

(   ) 1.It will be________tomorrow.

A. windy     B. rainy     C. sunny     

(   ) 2. Our family will______ in the park. 

A.have a party    B. have a picnic   C. have a class

(   ) 3. We're going to eat at _____. 

A. half past eleven    B. half past ten   C. half past twelve

(   ) 4. Dad wants ______and _____.

A. some milk; a hot dog  B. an egg; some apples   C.a cola; some bread

(   ) 5. We’ll______.

A. have a good time  B. happy     C. be sad   

F

The students were having their Chemistry class. Miss Li was telling the children what water was like. After that,she asked her students,"What's water?" No one answered.A few minutes later, Miss Li asked again,"Why don't you answer my question? Didn't I tell you what water is like?"

Just then,a boy put up his hand and said,"Miss Li, you told us that water has no colour and no smell.But where can we find this kind of water? The water in the river behind my house is always black and it has a bad smell" Most of the children agreed (同意)  with him.

"I’m sorry, children," said the teacher."Our water is getting dirty. That's a problem."

(   ) 1. The students were having their_______ class.

A. English    B. Chinese    C. Chemistry

(   ) 2. Miss Li was telling the children what________was like. 

  A. water     B.air      C. earth

(   ) 3.A boy said,"The water in the river behind my house is always ________."

A. white     B. black      C. clean

(   ) 4. Most of the children thought the boy was___·

  A. right     B. wrong     C. funny

(   ) 5.The water in the river is black and it has a bad smell because it is getting _____.

A. green      B. clean     C. dirty

(三) 阅读短文回答问题

阅读短文回答问题时，一定要根据问题进行规范的回答。一般问题主要分为两种：一般疑问句和特殊疑问句（参考四大句型专题）。

一般疑问句的以be动词、助动词do（does、did）/will/have（has）、情态动词can（could）等引导构成，一般回答yes/no，用什么问就用什么答。如：

—Are you a student? —Yes, I am./No, I’m not.

—Do you like football? —Yes, I do./No, I don’t.

—Will you come to my birthday party tomorrow? —Yes, I will./No, I won’t.

—Can you speak English? —Yes, I can./No, I can’t.

特殊疑问句是以疑问词提问的句子。疑问词包括疑问代词(what，which，whose，who) 和疑问副词(where， when，why，how等) 。一般不用yes/no回答，回答时要根据问的问题进行作答，如：

—What's your name? —My name is Lingling.

—What's in your bag? —It’s a book (in my bag).

—How are you today? —I’m fine, thanks.

—What time do you usually get up? —I usually get up at six o’clock.

—Where do you have a picnic? —I have a picnic in the park.

—Why does she learn maths?  —Because she thinks it is interesting.

—How old are you? —I’m twelve years old

所以，同学们在回答问题时，一定要看清楚问题，再根据文章中找到的信息，进行加工后在填写到横线上。

A

There is a park near my home.People like to go to the park.Look! That is Mrs Wang. She is watching the children in a chair. Some children are playing a game. Some boys are playing football. Lucy and Lily are talking under a tree.There is a small river in the park.We can see some boats on the river. Some children are sitting in the boats with their fathers and mothers. Listen! A girl in red is singing a song. She sings very well. This is really a nice park.

1. Where is the park?

_________________________________________________________

2. Who is watching the children in a chair?

_________________________________________________________

3. What are the boys doing?

_________________________________________________________

4. Where are Lucy and Lily?

_________________________________________________________

5. What is the girl in red doing?

_________________________________________________________

B

Tomorrow will be Shanshan's birthday.Her family will have a birthday party for her.Now they are getting ready for it.Her father is at the supermarket.He's buying things for the party.He will come back in an hour.Her mother is making a birthday cake.It will be very delicious.Her sister is making a birthday card.What is Shanshan doing? She is writing letters to invite some friends to come to the party.

1. When is Shanshan's birthday?

_________________________________________________________

2.Where is Shanshan's father?

_________________________________________________________

3. What's her mother doing?

_________________________________________________________

4.What's her sister making?

_________________________________________________________

5.Is Shanshan writing letters to her friends?

_________________________________________________________

C

Today is Saturday.Were going to Rizhao to play. We are going by bike. And well start at half past eight. Simon will take a ball and Daming will take a kite. We are going to buy some things: hot dogs, hamburgers and colas. And then what are we going to do? OK, we are going to play in the park. We'll have a picnic from ten to twelve.

Now we are in the park and we are flying the kite. Look, there are some dark clouds in the sky. And it's going to rain. We can't have our picnic.

1. How are Daming and Simon going to Rizhao?

_________________________________________________________

2. What will Daming and Simon take?

_________________________________________________________

3.Will they have a picnic at 12:10?

_________________________________________________________

4.What are they doing now?

_________________________________________________________

5. Can they have a picnic?

_________________________________________________________

D

Today is Friday. Amy is very happy. She is going to have a birthday party tomorrow. Her mother is at the supermarket and her father is making good food for her. Daming is her good friend. He is making a card for her. Lily is buying balloons for her. They are very beautiful. Amy will invite her friends to her home tomorrow.

1. Is Amy going to have a birthday party on Friday?

_________________________________________________________

2. Where is Amy's mother?

_________________________________________________________

3. What is Amy's father doing for her?

_________________________________________________________

4.Who is buying beautiful balloons for Amy?

_________________________________________________________

5. Where will Amy invite her friends tomorrow?

_________________________________________________________

阅读理解小结：

做题时，一定要记住先浏览题目，带着问题回到原文去查找答案信息，必须要在原文找到依据才答题，这样做题的正确率才会高，甚至能确保自己能拿到满分。