2022年九年级中考英语语法讲解--形容词和副词的讲解
展开2022年九年级中考英语语法讲解--形容词和副词的讲解
英语中大多数形容词是可以分级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。
原级
形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。用原级进行比较时可以使用下面两种结构：
1. 表示比较的双方相等，用”as…as”结构，表示“前者像后者一样”，即
A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B.
e.g. John is as tall as his brother.
2. 表示比较的双方不相等，用”not as…as”结构，表示“前者不如后者”，即
A + be + not as + 形容词原级 + as + B.
e.g. John is not as tall as his brother.
比较级
当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时，就需要用到形容词比较级。其结构是：
A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B.
e.g. Jackei is taller than Alex, but Alex is heavier than Jackei
最高级
三者或者三者以上的人或物进行比较时，需要使用形容词的最高级。其结构是：
A + be + the 形容词最高级 + of / in + 比较范围.
(Note: 形容词最高级前面要加定冠词 the)
e.g. Jackei is the tallest in our class. or
Jackei is the tallest of all the students.
形容词不同级别的变化
1. 规则形容词的变化
ID
| 构成方式 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
1 | 一般情况，直接加词尾 –er 或者 –est | tall young | taller younger | tallest youngest |
2 | 以 e 结尾的，加 –r 或 –st | nice large | nicer larger | nicest largest |
3 | 以辅音字母+y 结尾的，把 y → i, 再加 –er 或 –est | happy busy | happier busier | happiest busiest |
4 | 以重读闭音节(辅元辅结构)结尾的，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加 –er 或 –est . | big hot thin | bigger hotter thinner | biggest hottest thinnest |
5 | 双音节或多音节的形容词可以在形容词原级前直接加 more / less或most / least 构成形容词的比较级和最高级 | useful careful difficult expensive | more useful more careful more difficult less expensive | most useful most careful most difficult least expensive |
2. 不规则形容词的变化
ID
| 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
1 | good | better | best |
2 | well | better | best |
3 | bad | worse | worst |
4 | many | more | most |
5 | much | more | most |
6 | little | less | least |
7 | far | farther , further | farthest , furthest |
8 | few | fewer | fewest |
9 | old | older , elder | oldest , eldest |
补充
| 用于不可数名词 | 用于可数名词 |
表示多 | much more the most | many more the most |
表示少 | little less the least | few fewer the fewest |
e.g.
1. Have you got any chocolate?
I haven’t got much.
I’ve got more than you have.
I’ve got the most.
2. Have you got any chocolate?
I’ve got very little.
I’ve got less than you have.
I’ve got the least.
3. Have you made any mistakes?
I haven’t made many.
I’ve made more than you have.
I’ve made the most.
4. Have you made any mistakes?
I’ve made very few.
I’ve made fewer than you have.
I’ve made the fewest.
比较级和最高级的句型
◇句型一：形容词或副词比较级+than…
□注意事项：
该句型为比较级的最基本句型。只要看到than，即可确定前面使用比较级。
He is taller than I am.
他比我高。
The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.
这个男孩做作业比这个男孩认真。
◇句型二：less + 形容词的原级 + than
□注意事项：
该句型表示“不如、不及”，特别需要注意的是，less本身就是little的比较级，后面必须跟形容词的原级，否定就造成了比较级的重复使用。
This computer is less expensive than that one.
这台电脑比那台便宜。
◇句型三：as +形容词或副词的原级+ as
□注意事项：
该句型表示对比的两者程度相当，as之间必须跟形容词或副词的原级，决不能使用比较级。此外，还要确定使用形容词还是副词。确定的依据就是根据第一个as前的动词，如果是系动词（如be，感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel等），那么就用形容词的原级，如果前面的动词是一般的实义动词，那么就必须用副词的原级修饰动词。
This lesson is as easy as that one.
这节课和那节课一样容易。
Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.
露西和老人交谈和与他妹妹交谈一样礼貌。
特别提醒：as…as之间也可以跟名词，句型如下：
☆as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+as
He is as kind a person as his father.
他和他爸爸一样都是善良的人。
☆as + many/much+不可数名词/可数名词复数+as
I can carry as much paper as you can.
你能搬多少纸，我也能。
I have as many books as you do.
我的书和你的一样多。
We’ll give you as much help as we can.
我们将尽我们所能给你帮助。
其它几个关于as…as的句型：
☆as … as one can：尽其所能
He began to run as fast as he could.
他尽其所能跑得快。
☆as … as possible：尽可能
Please help us as quickly as possible.
请尽可能地帮助我们。
☆as soon as…一……就……
He will call me as soon as he comes here.
他一来这儿就会给我打电话。
◇句型四：not as/so +形容词或副词的原级+ as
□注意事项：
该句型表示“前者不如后者……”，往往可以与句型一和句型二替换。第一个as可以换为so。
This classroom is not as bright as yours.
这个教室没有你们的明亮。
I cannot run as fast as you.
我跑步不如你快。
◇句型五：the +形容词或副词最高级+ in / of / among +比较范围
□注意事项：
如果这里为副词最高级，前面的the常常省略。介词in和of的用法完全不一样。in表示“在某一范围内”，如：in the classroom，in the world。of表示“在同类之间”，of后面的词与主语同类，另名词前一般有冠词the。among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之间”，among后接代词或没有修饰语的名词。
The Yangtze River（The Changjiang River） is the longest river in our country.
长江是我们国家中最长的河流。
Peter is the tallest of the six students.
皮特是六个学生中最高的一个。
This picture is the most beautiful among these.
在这些画中，这张画是最美的。
