2022年九年级中考英语重点单词和词组辨析5

2022年九年级中考英语重点单词和词组解析at the end of和by the end of用法区别at the end of，by the end of这一对短语的意思都是“在…的末了”、“在…的一端”，意义上相似，但使用场合有所不同。一般说来，at the end of用于表示具体事物或场所的场合，它也可以用来表示比喻意。例：The school is situated at the end of the street．该校位于这条街的尽头。We'll have an exam in English at the end of January．一月底我们要参加英语考试。They were at the end of their patience．他们忍无可忍。He is at the end of his wits．他智穷才尽，束手无策。By the end of用于表示时间的场合，往往含有“不迟于”的意味。值得注意的是，at the end of亦可用于表示时间的场合（见上面第二个例句），但其义和by the end of有所不同。试对比下面两例：at the end of January一月底（指一月份的最后一天）by the end of January一月底之前（指一月份结束前的几天）We are to complete the task by the end of the year．年底之前我们必须完成此项任务。Their communication is at an end．他们的交往到此为止。短语 in the end的涵义是“终于”、“最后”，其义相当于 at last。例：I'm sure everything will turn out satisfactory in the end．我确信，最后一切都会令人满意的。In the end things will mend．船到桥头自会直。more than 与 less than 的用法在英语学习中，more than 和 less than 的使用频率相当高，用法也较为复杂。笔者在此将其做分别归类，以便同学们在学习中参考。一、more than1. more than 可放在数词之前，表示“超过；不止；以上”，用于此义时可与 over 互换使用。如：Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water. 整个说来，我们这个星球的表面有百分之七十以上为水所覆盖。2. more than 可放在名词之前，表示“不只是；不仅仅”。Hibernation is more than sleep. 冬眠不仅仅是睡眠。Bamboo is used for more than building. 竹子不只是用于建筑。3. more than 可用于形容词或副词前，表示“非常；十分”，与 very 同义。She is more than careful. 她非常细心。In class, he listens more than attentively.在课堂上，他听讲十分认真。4. more than 之后接带有 can 的从句时，常表示“否定意义”。此时，从句中的谓语必须是及物动词，并且与句子的主语发生逻辑上的动宾关系。例如：This secret is more than we can let out. 这个秘密我们是不能泄露的。（主语secret是let out的逻辑宾语。）▲ less than 表示“不；很少；不到”，具有否定意义，接形容词、副词。We were busy and less than delighted to have company that day. 那天我们很忙，不高兴有客人来。The young man is less than twenty years old. 这个年轻人不到20岁。 二、more…than1. 表示“与其……不如……”；“是……而不是……”，常可与 rather than 或 not so much…as 互换使用。He is more like a spear than anything else. 与其说他（指大象）像别的什么东西，不如说他像一根梭镖。= He is like a spear rather than anything else.= He is not so much like anything else as like a spear.He is more poltroon than cautious. 与其说他谨慎不如说他是怯懦。2. more…than 之后接含有 can 的从句同样表示否定意义。Tom has more insolence than I can stand. =Tom's insolence is more than I can stand. 汤姆的傲慢使我难以忍受。（见上面第一大条第4点）▲ less … than 意思是“不像……；不是……”。Joseph is less honest than his brother. 约瑟弗不是（像）他兄弟那样诚实。 三、no more than 或 not any more than两者的意思均为“只有；仅仅；不过”（= only; just）。前者多用于书面语；后者常用于口语。Abram Lincoln's whole school education added up to no more than one year. 亚伯拉罕·林肯所受的全部学校教育总共不过一年。▲ no less than 意思是“不少于；不下于…之多；多达”In that battle, we wiped out no less than twenty thousand enemies. 在那一次战役中，我们消灭敌人不下两万人。 四、no more … than 或 not … any more than1. 表示“和……一样地不……”，意味着两者都否定，但往往着重说明前面的一个分句，其作用相当于 neither … nor。如：Mary is no more diligent than Tom. = Neither Mary nor Tom is diligent. 玛丽和汤姆俩人都不勤奋。2. 表示“不……正如……不……一样”，常用来加重说话者的语气。如：We can no more leave the Party than fish can leave water. 我们不能离开党，正如鱼儿离不开水一样。▲ no less…than 表示“（至少）和……一样”He is no less active than he used to be. 他和以前一样活跃。 五、not more than常用于数词之前，意为“至多；顶多；不超过”，其意义与 at (the) most 相同。There on some hay on the ground lay a peasant boy of not more than seventeen. 地上的干草上躺着一个农家孩子，最多不过17岁。▲ not less than 表示“不少于”，意义同 at (the) least。Our school has not less than three thousand students. 我们学校的学生不下三千人。 六、not more …than表示“不如……；不及于……”，语气常着重于后面的一个分句，常可与 not so / as … as 互换使用。This story is not more interesting than that one. = This story is not so / as interesting as that one. 这个故事不如那个故事有趣。▲ 严格说来 not less … than 的意思是“至少不比……差”，意味着或许还要强一些，但现在基本和 no less than 混用。His English is not less than yours. 他的英语至少不比你的英语差。all, every, each的用法区别1. 三者都可用来概括全体，但强调重点不同：all是整体性地考虑总体，every 是考虑总体中的所有成员(与all很接近)，each则是逐个逐个地考虑总体。如：All men die. 所有的人都是要死的。Every man dies. 每一个人都要死的。Each man must die alone. 人都必然会一个个地死去。2. all和each既可单独使用，也可后接名词，还可后接of短语；而every 后必须接名词，既不能单独使用也不能后接 of 短语。如：He has spent all of the money. 他把所有的钱都花了。(不能用every)I have read each of the books. 每本书我都读过了。(不能用every)3. each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”，every指三者或三者以上“每个”，因此指两者时只能用 each。如：There are trees on each side of the road. 路的两边都有树。4. every 可受 almost, nearly 等副词的修饰，但 each 却不能。如：Almost every student has read the book. 差不多每个学生都读过这本书。borrow 与 lend 的同与异1. 两者都可表示“借”，但是 borrow 指“借入”，而 lend 则指“借出”，两者其实是一对反义词，而不是同义词。如：Can I borrow your bike? 我可以借用你的自行车吗？I never lend books; you never get them back. 我的书决不外借，因为总是有去无回。Some people neither borrows nor lends. 有的人既不借也不贷。2. 从句型上看，lend 可接双宾语，即可用于 lend sb sth，该句型也可说成lend sth to sb。如：She lent him some money. 她借给他一些钱。She lent some money to him. 她借给他一些钱。这样用的 lend 有时还可用于被动语态。如：You were lent ten thousand pounds last year. 去年借给你1万英镑。但是注意，borrow 不能接双宾语，即不能用于 borrow sb sth；要表示向某人借某物，英语可用borrow sth from sb。如：误：He borrowed her some money.正：He borrowed some money from her. 他向她借了一些钱。3. 两者本来是非延续性动词，但有时可以与一段时间连用，表示借用的时间。如：Can I borrow your pen for a moment? 你的钢笔我可以借用一会儿吗？He borrowed a car from a friend for a few days. 他向朋友借汽车用了几天。Could you lend me five pounds until tomorrow? 你借给我5英镑，明天还你，行吗？介词across, along, through的区别1. across 和 through 都可表示“横过”或“穿过”，前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”，涉及“面”的概念;而后者则表示从某个空间“穿过”，涉及“体”的概念。如：He walked across the road carefully. 他小心地走过马路。He walked through the forest alone. 他独自一人走过森林。有时 across 表示“横过”也可在“体”内进行，但此时它仍与through 有差别：前者表示从某个“体”的一端到另一端，而后者表示穿过两端。如：He walked across the hall. 他从大厅的一端走到另一端。He walked through the hall. 他穿过大厅。2. along 表示“沿着”，通常用于狭长的东西。如：I saw him running along the road. 我看见他沿着这条路跑。We walked along the river. 我们沿河散步。3. 注意以下习惯用法：(1) 与抽象名词连用，表示“通过”，一般只用 through。如：He became richer through hard work. 他勤奋致富。(2) 在美国口语中，可用 from ... through 表示“从……到”(此时不用along 或 across)。如：We work from Monday through Saturday. 我们从星期一到星期六工作。介词below与under的用法区别1. 两者都可表示“低于”，under 主要表示垂直在下的正下方，而 below 则不一定表示正下方(即可以是正下方或非正下方)。如：Look in the cupboard below [under] the sink. 到洗碗池下面的柜子里找一找。The climbers stopped 300 meters below the top of the mountain. 登山队员们在离山顶 300 米处停了下来。换句话说，表示正下方，两者都可用;不表示正下方，则通常用below。2. 两者均可表示数量方面的“少于”，但在现代英语中，以用 under 为多见。如：He can't be much below [under] sixty. 他的年龄不可能比 60 岁小很多。There were under forty people at the meeting. 参加会议的人不足 40 人。It took us under an hour. 我们用了不到 1 个小时。注：在现代英语中，below 表示“少于”，主要用于表示温度、高度以及有纵向标准可比的情况。如：This place is below sea level. 此地在海平面以下。The temperature is two degrees below zero. 温度是零下 2 度。3. 若表示一物被另一物所覆盖，则通常用 under。如：She crept in beside him under the bedclothes. 她钻进被窝躺在他身旁。4. 表示职位、级别等关系时，用 under 表直接关系，用 below 表非直接关系。比较：Mr A is under Mr B. A 先生是 B 先生的部下。Mr A is below Mr B. A 先生比 B 先生职位低。keen on doing sth 与keen to do sth 的区别有用户朋友问：英语一般说 keen on sth, keen on doing sth，是否也可以说 keen to do sth。为此我们特请本站特约作者龙楠老师答复如下：1)keen on doing sth 通常表示“喜欢做某事”，指的是一种兴趣爱好。如：The painter is keen on collecting coins 那位画家喜欢收集硬币。I’m not keen on gambling. I’m too afraid of losing. 我对赌博不感兴趣。我太怕输了。动名词前有时有逻辑主语：Mrs Hill is keen on Tom’s marrying Susan. 希尔太太很希望汤姆能和苏珊结婚。但有时也表示“渴望做某事”，如《朗文多功能分类词典》中就有这样一句：I’m keen on passing this examination. 我渴望通过这次考试。2)keen to do sth 主要表示“很想做某事”“渴望做某事”。如：I’m not keen to go again. 我不太想再去了。He’s keen to see his birthplace again. 他很想重见他的出生地。She’s keen to get ahead in her career. 她热望在事业上出人头地。She’s keen to get in on any discussions about the new project. 她一心想参加有关新计画的讨论。The airline is keen to improve passenger comfort. 该航空公司致力于改善旅客的舒适程度。Doctors are keen to highlight this little-known disease. 医生们渴望把注意力集中在这一鲜为人知的疾病上。3)有时不定式可以带有逻辑主语，说成keen for sb to do sth（很想某人做某事，渴望某人做某事）。如：Parents are always keen for their children to get on. 父母总是热望子女有出息。according to的用法1. 主要用来表示“根据”某学说、某书刊、某文件、某人所说等或表示“按照”某法律、某规定、某惯例、某情况等：According to the timetable, the train gets in at 8: 27. 根据时刻表，火车8:27进站。According to the weather forecast, we shall have rain tomorrow. 根据天气预报，明天会下雨。According to John there will be a meeting next week. 据约翰说，下星期有个会议。Each man will be paid according to his ability. 每个人将根据他的能力获得报酬。2. 表示“根据”、“按照”时，主要用来引出状语，一般不用来引出表语：这本书是根据一个真实故事写的。正：The book is based on a true story.误：The book is according to a true story.当它表示“合乎”、“符合”时，可用来引出表语：It is not according to his nature to give praise. 他本性不喜欢颂扬。3. 其后一般不接 view (看法) 和 opinion (意见) 这类词，也不接表示第一人称的代词 (me, us)：正：In my opinion, the film is wonderful. 依我看，这部电 影很不错。误：According to my opinion, the film is wonderful.误：According to me, the film is wonderful.more than与over的关系over做介词表“超过”时，可用more than代替。例：he has stayed here over a year.= he has stayed here more than a year.（他已待在此地一年多。）he has stayed here more than over a year.(x)he has stayed here much over a year.（×，much应删除）over five students are here.= more than five students are here.（这里的学生有五人以上。）in the tree与on the tree的区别in the tree与on the tree外来的东西在树上用in the tree如：the bird in the tree;树上长的用on the tree如：the apples on the treehad better 的用法归纳1. had better的基本用法特点其意为“最好”、“应该”，后接动词原形，与情态动词should用法相似，其中的had通常缩略为 'd。如：You'd better get some sleep．你最好去睡一会儿。We had better go before it rains. 我们最好在下雨前就去。 2. had better如何构成否定式和疑问式构成否定式时，通常将not置于had better之后(而不是had之后)；而构成疑问式时，则通常将had(而不是had better)置于主语之前。如：I'd better not disturb him．我最好别去打扰他。What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办?【注】在否定疑问句或反意疑问句中可将not与had连用。如：Hadn't we better go now? 我们是不是现在就去呢? 3. had better后接进行式和完成式动词有时后接动词的进行式，表示最好马上做某事；也可接完成式动词，表示最好做完某事或本该做某事而未做某事。如：I think I'd better be going．我想我最好还是马上走。You'd better be getting your clothes ready. 你最好马上把衣服准备好。You had better have done that. 你最好把那事做完。You had better have stayed here. 你本来应该呆在这儿的。 4. 有关had better的几点用法说明(1) had better 用于提出建议或请求时，并不是一个很客气委婉的表达，它暗示对方有义务去做某事，因此通常用于长辈对晚辈或上级对下级等，而不宜反过来用。(2) had best与had better 用法和含义均差不多，但不如had better普通。如：You had best get home before midnight．你最好在午夜之前回到家里。We had best be going．我们最好现在就走。(3) 有时可省略其中的had。如：You better stop arguing．你们最好不要争论了。Better not wait for him. 最好不要等他了。Better say yes, if they ask you. 如果他们问你，你最好说“是”。(4) 有时为了强调，可将better置于had之前。如："I promise I'll pay you back." "You better had." “我保证还给你。”“你最好还给我。”China's与Chinese的区别1. China's为名词所有格，强调所属关系。如：China's population is large. 中国人口众多。Hainan is China's second largest island. 海南是中国第二大岛。The Yellow River is China's second longest river. 黄河是中国第二大河。China's countryside looks its best in May and June. 中国的农村在五六月时景色最美。 2. Chinese为形容词，表示属性，视所修饰的名词不同，意思稍有不同：Maotai is a Chinese wine. 茅台是一种中国酒。Are you into Chinese food? 你对中国菜有兴趣吗?This book is about Chinese traditkmal medicine. 这本书是讲中医的。This was a record set by a Chinese girl. 这是一个中国姑娘创造的记录。My strongest memory is when I attended a Chinese wedding. 我印象最深的是我参加的一次中国婚礼的情景。Gone are the days when they could to what they liked to the Chinese people. 他们能够对中国人民为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。Thinking that traditional Chinese medicine might help, they sent for an old Chinese doctor. 他们请了一位老中医，因为他们考虑到也许中医会有效。enough的用法1.enough做形容词，“表示足够的，足够量的”，通常与for连用。如：They had enough cash for a one-way ticket.他们有足够的现金买一张单程票。Her disappearance and death would give proof enough of Charles' guilt.她的失踪和死亡将提供足够的证据证明查尔斯有罪。 2.enough做副词，表示“足够地， 足够量地，相当地”如：I was old enough to work and earn money.我到了可以工作、挣钱的年龄了。I'm serious, things are difficult enough as they are.我是认真的，事情照现在这样已经够困难的了。Winters is a common enough surname.温特斯是一个相当普通的姓。 3.enough做名词，表示“足够的人或事”，如：Although the police say efforts are being made, they are not doing enough.尽管警方说他们正在努力，但是他们做得还不够。 4.enough做代词，表示“够了”，既可代表可数名词，也可代表不可数名词。如：I met him only the once, and that was enough.我只见过他一次，那就够了。----Do you need more chairs?你们还要椅子吗？----No. I think there are enough to go round.不要了，我想够用了。 5.Strangely enough真奇怪interestingly enough真有趣Strangely enough, the last thing he thought of was his beloved Tanya.真奇怪，他最后想到的是他心爱的坦尼娅。 6.have had enough 受够了I had had enough of other people for one night.一个晚上我就受够其他人了。enjoy的用法1.enjoy表示“享受…的乐趣”，如：He was a guy who enjoyed life to the full.他是个尽情享受生活乐趣的人。2.enjoy表示“享有”，如：The average German will enjoy 40 days' paid holiday this year.德国人今年平均将享有40天带薪假期。3.enjoy doing sth（enjoy后要接动名词，而不接不定式。）如：I enjoy swimming.我喜欢游泳。4.enjoy onself (自) 得其乐，过得快活 ，玩得开心，如：I am really enjoying myself at the moment.我此刻很是自得其乐。Did you enjoy yourself at the English evening?这个英语晚会你玩得开心吗？如何区别also, too, either与as wellalso, too, either与as well 均可表示“也”，用法及其区别分述如下：1. too 和 as well两者多用于口语中，语气较轻，通常用于肯定句或疑问句，一般不用于否定句，且通常放在句末。如：He divorced her, and a good thing too [as well]. 他和她离了婚，这也是一件好事。I will come on condition (that) she is invited too [as well]. 如果邀请她来, 那我就来。He was just another child from the shelters. There were other children too [as well]. 他只是来自收容所的另一个孩子，另外还有其他一些孩子。too 有时也紧跟在主语后(注：as well 不这样用)，此用法较正式。如：But you, too, can buy coloured metal ones. 但是你也可以买彩色金属制品。The Internet, too, it goes without saying, is a good source of information. 不用说，因特网也是一个很好的信息来源。在 Me too, You too 这类简略答语中，通常不用 as well, also。如：“I’m feeling hungry.” “Me too.” “我觉得饿了。”“我也是。”“I love chocolate.” “Me too.” “我喜欢巧克力。”“我也喜欢。” 2. 关于 asloalso 比 too 和 as well 正式，一般也不用于否定句，它在句中的位置通常是紧靠动词，即放在行为动词之前，特殊动词之后。有时为了强调也放在句末(但不常见)。如：Airplanes are fast and also comfortable. 飞机快而且舒适。We bought a new sofa and also a new coffee table. 我们买了一个新沙发，还买了一张新的咖啡桌。The school also has the responsibility to develop pupils’ characters. 学校也有职责培养学生的品质。Dogs, cats and monkeys are all animals, and man is also an animal. 狗、猫和猴子都是动物，而且人也是动物。also 有时用于句首(其后通常有逗号)，相当于连词 and。如：Also, he has gone abroad. 而且，他已去了国外。It’s a nice house, but it’s very small. Also, it needs a lot of repairs. 这所房子不错，就是太小。另外，还需要大修。 3. 关于 eithereither(也)通常只用于否定句，且要放在句末。如：He can’t hear and he can hardly speak either. 他既听不见也几乎不能说话。I didn’t go to the meeting either. 我也没去开会。She can’t explain it and I can’t either. 她不能解释，我也不能解释。I don’t like John and I don’t like his wife either. 我不喜欢约翰，也不喜欢他的妻子。If you don’t go, I will not go either. 你若不去，我也不去。有时在肯定句之后跟一个否定句，表示“没有也…”之类的意思，此时英语要用too或also，不用either：He came, but she didn’t also came. 他来了，但她没有也一起来。He went to Washington, but not to New York too. 他去了华盛顿，但并不是也去了纽约。比较：He didn’t buy a computer, and she didn’t either. 他没有买电脑，她也没有买。He bought a computer, but she didn’t too. 他买了台电脑，但她没有也买台电脑。sometime、some time、sometimes、some times的区别sometime、some time、sometimes、some times这些词或词组在初中我们就都接触过了，但是未必所有的英语学习者都能够清楚地进行区分和准确无误地运用。许多人对它们的理解都还很模糊。现在，我们来逐个击破。sometime（1）副词：某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。如：① Would you come to the cinema with me, sometime? 赏脸找个时间和我看场电影吗？(将来)② We'll take our holiday sometime in August. 我们会在八月找个时间度假。（将来）③ I bought this sometime last summer. 这是我在上个夏天买的。（过去）④ This mansion was built sometime around 1980. 这栋大厦是1980年左右建的。（过去） （2）形容词：前，过去的。意思类似former。① This is our sometime general manager.这是我们的前任总经理。② Our sometime classmate, Rose, is now a pop star. 我们以前的同学罗斯，现在是明星了。 (3)sometimes 副词：有时候。顺便提一下，at times也是“有时”的意思。① Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times. 每个人有时都会犯傻，但没有谁会一直都傻。② I sometimes have letters from him. 有时我会收到他的来信。 (4)some time 某段时间。常与for连用。① We plan to stay in Hainan for some time. 我们打算在海南呆上一段时间。② I will keep the computer for some time, so you can use it.这部电脑我会留着一段时间，你可以用。 (5)some times 几次。several times也可以表示“几次”，但比some times较确定。time作可数名词时可作“次数”解；表示“时间”时是不可数名词。① I am sure that we have met some times before.我肯定我们之前见过几次了。② The newly bought microwave oven failed to work some times.新买的微波炉坏了几次了。some和any的用法some 一些，某些，某个。可代替名词和形容词。常用于肯定句。在句子中用作主语、宾语、定语。作定语时，它可以修饰单数可数名词和复数可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。1. 用于肯定句Ask some boys to help you.（修饰复数可数名词）叫些男孩来帮助你。Please bring some coffee.（修饰不可数名词）请拿些咖啡来。Ask some girl to come here.（修饰单数可数名词）叫（某）个女孩来这儿。some和any的用法2. some 用于疑问句时表示“请求、邀请或希望得到肯定的回答”。Would you like some coffee?（表示请求、邀请）请喝咖啡。Have you some stamps?（希望得到肯定的回答）你有邮票吧？any 的用法any 一些，任何。可代替名词和形容词。常用于否定句或疑问句，也可以用于条件状语从句。作定语时，它可以修饰复数形式的可数名词和不可数名词。1. 用于疑问句或否定句Are there any cows in the fields?（修饰复数形式的可数名词）田里有一些牛吗？There won't be any trouble.（修饰不可数名词）没有任何麻烦。2. 用于条件状语从句If there is any trouble, let me know.如果有什么麻烦，要让我知道。3. any 用于肯定句时，通常要重读，修饰单数可数名词和不可数名词。Any time you want me, just send for me.什么时候你需要我，随时叫我来。Come any day you like.只要你喜欢，随时可以来。time 用法大全time的固定搭配1. ahead of time提前2. all the time一直,始终3. at a time每次，一次4. at one time曾经；一度5. at the same time同时；然而，不过6. at times有时7. behind time不及时，晚点8. behind the times过时，跟不上时代9. from time to time有时，间或10. have a good / hard time过得很好 / 处境困难11. in one's spare time在业余时间12. in a short time不久13. in time及时；迟早14. keep good time走得准，准时来15. kill time消磨时间16. many a time时常，多次17. on time准时18. take one's time从容；慢慢来19. time and time again多次，不断地20. for the time being暂时 time的常用句型1. It's time for sth. 是做……的时候了。2. It's time (for sb.) to do sth. 是（某人）该干……的时候了。3. It's (high) time + that从句（that可以省略，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气）是某人（早）该干某事的时候了。4. It (This / That) is the first (second, third ...) time + that从句（从句要用现在完成时）。这（那）是某人第一（二、三……）次干某事。如主句谓语动词是过去时，则that从句要用过去完成时。5. by the time引导的时间状语从句。若从句用一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时；若从句是一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时。6. each time（每次），next time（下次）， any time（任何时候）等词组引导的时间状语从句。7. the first / second / third ... time 可以引导时间状语从句。 [即学即用]1. I'm so sorry I have been out the last three times you ______.A. have called B. had calledC. called D. have been calling2. John did pass the test; ______ he didn't know the subject very well.A. in other wordsB. in the same wayC. at the same timeD. more or less3. I thought her nice and honest ______ I met her.A. first time B. the first timeC. for the first time D. in time4. By the time you get to San Francisco tomorrow, I ______ for Southeast Asia.A. shall have left B. am leavingC. will leave D. have already left5. It's time ______ about the traffic problem downtown.A. all to be doneB. anything will be doneC. everything is doneD. something were done6. Remember to send me a photo of your son next time you ______ to me.A. write B. will writeC. are writing D. would write7. Don't try to do everything at once; take it a bit ______.A. at one time B. by one timeC. one for each time D. at a time8. If Father had returned on the Christmas, we would have had ______.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time9. —Do you know our village at all?—No, this is the first time I ______ here.A. come B. have been C. came D. am10. — Can I look about the rooms before I decided which room I'd like to stay in?— Of course. ______, madam.A. That's all right B. Take your timeC. Enjoy yourself D. It doesn't materKey：1-5 ACBAD 6-10 ADDBBcheck in和check out比较check in1. register in a hotel；report one's arrival 在旅馆登记住宿；报到；签到 如：Have you checked in at the hotel yet？你在旅馆登记住宿了吗？The friends we had invited did not check in until Saturday．我们邀请的朋友直到星期六才到达。2. receive sth. that is returned and make a record of it 接收并登记（归还物品） 如：I put the books on the library desk，and the librarian checked them in．我把书放在图书馆的柜台上，图书管理员验收了这些书。 check out1．pay the bill and leave 结帐离开 如：Guests must check out before noon，or they will be charged for the day．客人必须在中午前结帐离开，否则将付全日费用。2．confirm by carefully checking 检验无误；核实 如：The accountant checked out the bills and found them OK．会计查对了帐单，发现正确无误。Please check out each room to see if it is fit for a guest．请检查每个房间看看是否适合客人住。 翻译以下句子：①我们必须在8点到办公楼签到。②我们付了旅馆费以后，就直接去飞机场了。③请检验一下姓名和号码好吗？④两小时前他们办理了离开手续。Keys：①We have to check in at the office building at 8∶00.②We headed directly for the airport after we had checked out of the hotel．③Would you check out these names and numbers，please？④They checked out two hours ago．raise和rise的区别和用法有童鞋问raise和rise怎么区分？是不是又问出大家的心声了？鼓掌！赶紧来区分一下吧——>1. Raise和rise都有“上升”的意思，记住下面2句话：Raise是及物动词，后面必须有宾语，就是“某人把某物举起来”。Rise是不及物动词，后面不能加宾语，也就是说“某人、某物自己升起来”。比如：He raised his right hand. 他举起了右手。（是他把手举起来的，所以用raise）I raised the box above my head. 我把盒子举过了头顶。（盒子是我举起的，所以用raise）The waves rose and fell. 波浪起起伏伏。（波浪是自己动的，所以用rise）Smoke rose into the sky. 空中升起了烟。（烟也是自己飘的，所以用rise） 2. Raise和rise都有“增长”的意思，同样地：Raise是及物动词，后面必须有宾语。Rise是不及物动词，后面不能加宾语。比如：We will have to raise our fees. 我们需要提高费用。（raise后面一定要有宾语）Prices are rising rapidly. 价格快速上涨。（rise后面一定不能有宾语） 3. 在英式英语里，raise只能作动词、不能做名词，rise既可以作动词、也可以作名词比如：He asked for a pay rise.在美语里，raise则可以作名词，表示“加薪”。比如：She offered me a raise.明白了吗？填空——>We ___ our heads to watch the sun ___ over the bridge.你觉得是A. raise / rise 还是B. rise / raise 呢？We raised our heads to watch the sun rise over the bridge. 我们抬起头，望着太阳从桥上升起。（我们的头当然要我们抬起来，所以用raise；太阳是自己升升落落的，所以用rise。）feel like用法一、feel like的用法1. 表示“摸起来像……”It feels like silk. 这东西摸起来像丝绸。This feels like an orange. 这东西摸起来像个桔子。2. 表示“感觉像(是)……”My legs feel like cotton wool. 我感觉两条腿像棉花一样。They made me feel like one of the family. 他们让我觉得就是这个家中的一员。3. 表示“有……的感觉”I'm surprised that he feels like that. 我奇怪他会有这种感觉。4. 表示“给人的感觉（像）是……”I was only there two days, but it felt like a week. 我只在那里呆了两天，但好像过了一个星期似的。It's been a year since her daughter died, but to her, it still feels like yesterday. 她丈夫已过世一年了，但在她看来，这还仿佛像是在昨天。5. 表示“想吃或喝……”Do you feel like a drink? 你想喝点什么吗?6. 表示“想做……”I don't feel like cooking. Let's eat out. 我不想做饭，我们出去吃吧。I don't feel like waiting around for him to make up his mind. 我不能干等着他拿主意。 二、feel like的搭配1. 后接名词Do you feel like a rest? 你想休息一下吗?The material feels like velvet. 这料子摸起来像丝绒。注：下面两句中like后面的rain和snow是名词，不是动词：It feels like rain (snow). 像是要下雨(雪)的样子。2. 后接代词We'll go for a walk if you feel like it. 你愿意的话，咱们就去散散步。“Why did you do that?” “Because I felt like it.” “你为什么那么做呢?”“因为我想那么做。”注：有时后接反身代词，表示觉得身体情况正常。如：I don't feel like myself today. 我今天感到不太舒服。有时可省略介词 like。如：He isn't feeling himself this morning. 今天早上他感到不太舒服。3. 后接动名词I feel like catching a cold. 我像是感冒了。I felt like laughing, but I didn't dare. 我想笑，但是不敢笑。After being ill I didn't feel like eating but I managed to force something down. 我病后不想吃东西，不过还是勉强咽了一点。4. 后接句子I feel like I want to cry. 我觉得我想哭。You feel like you could reach out and touch it (the space). 你感到仿佛能伸手摸到它(太空)。注：后接句子时，其中的like相当于as if或as though。如：I felt like [as if, as though] I was swimming. 我觉得好像在游泳似的。Alice felt like [as if, as though] she was in a very nice dream. 艾丽斯觉得她好像在做一个美梦。not until/until的用法区别not until/until两者皆可接延续性动词和暂短性动词.一、not...until指的是“直到...才”的意思,如 I did not go home until my mother called me.我直到我妈妈打电话给我才回家.not until的倒装与强调结构1.当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装.其结构为:Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+.如:①Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话.②Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才开运动会.2. not until的强调结构为:It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+.上面两句改为强调句为:③It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.④It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.直到我结婚的时候,我才有钱买了自己的房子.It was not until I got married that I could afford to buy a house of my own.而until指“直到”.例如：Go alone the street until you see the traffic light.往前走,直到你看见交通灯.hardly与hardly ever的用法区别1. hardly 只是一般的否定副词，其意为 almost not, barely, scarcely。如：He hardly looked at it 他几乎没看它。He can hardly be right. 他不大可能是对的。I was so tired that I could hardly walk. 我累得几乎走不动了。He's so stupid; I hardly think I'll want to talk with him! 他那么笨，我简直不想跟他说话！2. hardly ever 其实是表示一种否定的频度，相当于 rarely, seldom, almost never等。如：It hardly ever snows here. 这儿几乎从不下雪。I hardly ever see Brian these days. 这几天我难得见到布赖恩。I've got so little time, I hardly ever read newspapers. 我时间很紧，不怎么看报。My mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 我母亲住得那么远，我们很少见到她。3. 在 hardly…when [before]…（一…就…）这一句式中，原则不能用 hardly ever，因为这里的 hardly 并不表频率。如：I had hardly closed my eyes when the telephone rang. 我刚合上眼，电话铃就响了。We had hardly started when it began to rain. 我们刚出发就下起雨来。We had hardly started when it began to rain. 我们刚出发，天就开始下雨了。We had hardly entered into the matter when he came in. 我们刚开始讨论此事，他就来了。when和while的用法和区别while和when都是表示同时，到底句子中是用when还是while主要看从句和主句中所使用的动词是短暂性动作（瞬时动词）还是持续性动作。1、若主句表示的是一个短暂性的动作，而从句表示的是一个持续性动作时，两者都可用。如：He fell asleep when [while] he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。I met him when [while] I was taking a walk in the park. 我在公园散步时遇到了他。2、若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用 while。如：Don't talk while you're eating. 吃饭时不要说话。I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候，我默不作声。3、若从句是一个短暂性动作，而主句是一个持续性动作，可以 when 但不用 while。如：When he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时，我在听收音机。It was raining hard when we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。4、若主、从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，一般要用 when。如：I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。至于什么是短暂性动作，什么是持续性动作，其实有个很简单的规律。就是如果是进行时态，一般是持续性的。如果是过去式，一般是短暂性动作。对于，填写when还是while的问题，通常首先看主句和从句中的时态，再根据以上4个规律来判断填写那个单词。make sb do sth 和make sb done 的区别make sb done .考察make 的使动用法。意思是使某人被。。。make sb.do .考察 do表“主动用法。意思是，主语叫某人做某事举例说明：被动：Mike's mother made him stayed at home because it was raining heavilyMike 呆在家里不是自愿的，所以是被他妈妈留在家里的（一定注意这时的主语是Mike's mother ，而不是Mike，所以用被动）主动：The boss made the workers do the work all day.老板迫使工人们整天干活however与but 的用法区别两者均可表示转折或对比，意为“但是”、“可是”、“然而”等，但有区别：1. 表示转折时，but 是连词。如：He is young but very experienced. 他虽年轻，但经验很丰富。He has three daughters but no sons. 他有3 个女儿，但没有儿子。He likes sports, but his wife likes music. 他喜欢运动，而他妻子则喜欢音乐。2. however 表示“然而”、“可是”时，有的词书认为它是连词，有的词书认为它是副词。之所以将其视为副词，也许是因为像许多副词一样不仅能位于句首，而且能位于句中(注意前后使用逗号)，甚至句末 (注意其前也用逗号)。如：Later, however, he changed his mind. 可是他后来改变了主意。He hasn't arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还没有到，不过他等会儿可能会来。He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说情况如此，可是他错了。注：以上各例中的 however 不能换成 but，但可用 but 来改写。如：He said that it was so, but he was mistaken. 他说情况如此，可他错了。3. 当连接两个句子时，其前通常应用分号，或另起新句。如：It's raining hard; however, I think we should go out. / It's raining hard. However, I think we should go out. 雨下得很大，但我想我们还得出去。注：上例中的 however 不能换成 but，但可用 but 来改写 (注意所用标点的变化)。如：It's raining hard, but I think we should go out.regret doing/to do的区别regret to do　 对要做的事遗憾。　　　　　(未做)regret doing　 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。　　(已做)I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。典型例题---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.---Well, now I regret ___ that.A. to do　 B. to be doing　 C.　to have done　 D.　having done答案：D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。since的四种用法1) since +过去一个时间点　(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。I have been here since 1989.2) since +一段时间+ agoI have been here since five months ago.3) since +从句Great changes have taken place since you left.Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.4) It is +一段时间+ since从句It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.不定代词both, either和neither的用法both, either和neither：这几个代词部谈两者的情况：both表示“两者都……”，either表示“两者中随便哪一个(都……)”，neither表示“两者中哪个都不……”。它们可以用作：1)主语：Both(of them)are good．(它们)两个都很好。Either(of the two books)will do．(两本书)随便哪一本都可以。Neither(of the answers)is correct．(两个回答)哪一个都不对。2)宾语：I'll take both(of them)with me．两个我全带去。You may take either with you．(两者)你可以随便带哪个去。I agree with neither of you．你们两人的话我都不同意。3)定语(在这样用时，有的字典标作形容词，有的标作限定词)：Both(the)seats are taken．两个座位都有人占了。You may take either road．两条路你走哪一条都行。There are trees on neither side．两边都没有树。both还可用作同位语：You and I are both to blame．我们两人都有错。They both agreed to stay．两人都同意留下。either．．．or和neither．．．nor可起连词作用：She knew this much be either a whale or a ship．她知道这不是一条鲸鱼就是一条船。He had neither wife nor children．他既没有妻子也没有儿女。many、much、a lot of的用法区别 一、many、much、a lot of的用法many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用;much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。a lot of既可与可数名词连用，也可与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：I don't have many friends here.在这里我没有很多的朋友Many died in the bus accident.许多人在公交车祸中丧失There was a lot of mud on the ground.地上有许多泥。 二、many、much、a lot of的区别1)many和much的区别在于many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。如:How many people are there at the meeting?会议中有多少人?How much time has we left?他离开多久了?Many of the workers were at the meeting.许多工人在会议中Much of the time was spent on learning.花许多时间在学习上。He has many friends, but few true ones.他有许多朋友，但靠谱的却没几个。There hasn't been much good weather recently.最近都不是什么好天气。2)a lot of(=lots of)和many、much区别在于它们只能用在肯定句中，而many，much不受限制。如果将一个含有a lot of(=lots of)的肯定句改为否定句或疑问句，要将它们改为many或much。如：We can see a lot of birds in the tree.We can't see many birds in the tree.我们在树上看不到很多鸟儿。He wants lots of soda.Does he want much soda?他需要许多汽水吗?三、many、much、a lot of的练习题用many、much、a lot of填空1. How ______ bananas do you want?2. How ______ fruit would you like to buy?3. There aren't ________ eggs in the basket.4. There isn't _______ milk in the glass.5. I was ill yesterday. But I feel ____ better now.6. We can learn ______ from the book.7._______ of us like playing basketball.8. Kate is ______ younger than Mary.答案:1.many;2.much;3.many/a lot of;4.much/ a lot of;5.much;6.a lot;7.many;8.much;