2022年九年级中考英语语法--句子成分和五大基本句型
展开2022年九年级中考英语语法讲解
句子成分和五大基本句型
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分，句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。主要成分有主语和谓语，次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语，下面英语语法网为您详细介绍每种句子成分的划分规则和用法。
第一、主语
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，主语一般位于句首，但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问句时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
We often speak English in class.
我们经常在课堂上说英语
Playing football in the street is dangerous.
在街上踢足球是危险的
第二、谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后，包括简单谓语和复合谓语，简单谓语是由一个动词或动词短语构成，复合谓语是由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
He has got rid of his bad habit.
他已经改掉了他的坏习惯
You‘d better not take the magazine out of the reading-room.
你最好不要把这本杂志拿出阅览室
第三、表语
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等）之后。
Their plan is to finish the experiment in a week.
他们的计划是在一周内完成这项实验
第四、宾语
宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词后面，但英语介词后也要求用宾语
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.
他们昨天去看了展览
第五、宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词，除了一个直接宾语以外，还有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整，这类常用的及物动词有：make，consider，cause，see，find，call，get，have，let等
We consider the answer correct.
我们认为这个答案是对的
What he said made me very angry.
他的话使我很生气
第六、定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语
I will remember the day when I first met her.
我将记住第一次遇见她的那一天
This is the bridge built last year.
这是去年建的那座桥
第七、状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语
He has lived in the city for ten years.
他在那座城市住了10年了
He is in the room making a model plane.
他在房间里做一架飞机模型
五大基本基础句型
一、句型1： Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) （谓语为不及物动词）
The red sun rises in the east.
红彤彤的太阳从东方升起来。
Lucy and Mary get up early every morning.
露西和玛丽每天早上很早就起床。
His parents have worked in the company for ten years.
他的父母在这家公司工作十年了。
What he said does not matter.
他说的话不重要。
They had to travel by boat.
他们不得不乘船旅行。
二、句型2：Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)
Our English teacher is thirty years old.
我们的英语老师30岁了。
The cake tastes delicious.
这个蛋糕吃起来很可口。
The potatoes went bad in the field.
土豆在地里就坏了。
They seemed very happy together.
他们在一起好像很幸福。
It gets colder and colder.
天气越来越冷了。
The leaves have turned yellow.
树叶已经变黄了。
三、句型3：Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)（谓语为及物动词） ＋ Object (宾语)
He put the dictionary in the backpack.
他把词典放进了背包里。
I saw her just now and she was doing her homework in the classroom.
我刚才看到她了,她正在教室做作业。
They haven't decided when and where to hold the party.
他们还没有决定什么时候、在哪儿举办这次聚会。
She stopped teaching English two years ago.
她两年前就不教英语了。
Do you know when he left for Beijing?
你知道他什么时候去的北京吗?
Mother promised to give me a present.
母亲答应要给我一件礼物。
Would you mind opening the window?
打开窗户你介意吗?
注意：跟不定式to do 作宾语的动词有：
打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like)表祝愿(wish)
决定(decide)同意(agree)设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)
好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)
注意：常要求接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, know, learn, remember, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
注意：只接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有
admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 consider 考虑
delay 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免 excuse 原谅
fancy 想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃
cannot help 情不自禁 imagine 设想 include 包括 keep 保持
mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 逃过 put off 推迟 practice 练习
resist 抵制 risk 冒险
四、句型4： Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)
Mr.Smith taught us English last year.
史密斯先生去年教我们英语。
Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。
Would you please pass me that dictionary?
=Would you please pass that dictionary to me?
请你把那本词典递给我好吗?
He bought his mother a new sweater with his first month's salary.
=He bought a new sweater for his mother with his first month's salary.
他用第一个月的工资给母亲买了一件新毛衣。
注意：主语+谓语+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如果把表示物的直接宾语放在表示人的间接宾语前,需要借助于介词to或for。to表示:朝着,向着,对着;for表示:为(某人),替(某人)。
需要借助介词to的动词有:bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write等。
需要借助介词for的动词有:bring,buy,cook,find,get,make,order,save,spare等。
五、句型5： Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)
If you let me go. I'll make you king. (名词作宾补)
Leave the door open. (形容词作宾补)
We found Li Ming out when we arrived. (副词作宾补)
Make yourself at home. (介词短语作宾补)
I saw a stranger enter the building. (不定式作宾补)
The boss kept them working all day. (现在分词作宾补)
Yesterday he had his leg broken. (过去分词作宾补)
