代词--中考语法课件

这是一份代词--中考语法课件，共39页。PPT课件主要包含了一人称代词，二物主代词，反身代词的用法，代 词二等内容，欢迎下载使用。
代词的分类 1.人称代词 5.相互代词 2.物主代词 6.疑问代词 3.反身代词 7.关系代词 4.指示代词 8.不定代词
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清
1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格 * They all like him very much. 他们都很喜欢他。 * She gave the bks t yu and me. 这些书是她送给你和我的。
2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格 * Wh’s kncking at the dr? –It’s me. 谁敲门？-是我。 3. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为单数形式：（二、三、一）即：yu/ he/ I复数形式：（一、二、三）即；we/ yu/ they* Yu, she and I all enjy the music. 你她和我都喜欢音乐。* We, yu and they all lve ur cuntry.
4.she可以用来代表国家、船只或车辆、大地、月亮等 * We lve ur mtherland, we hpe she’ll be strnger and bigger. 我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。 * The ship is leaving. She’s n her first trip t England. 轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去英国。
5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等 * – What’ the weather like tday? – It’s windy. 今天的天气怎么样？- 有风。 * It’s abut five minutes’ walk frm hme t schl. 从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。
6.it可作为形式主语、将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳 * It’s hard t reach the apples. 很难够到苹果。 * It’s gd fr yu taking a walk after supper. 对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。
1.形容词性物主代词在句子中做定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。在句中只能作定语 * My brther is a wrker. 我弟弟是个工人。 * His parents are very friendly. 他的父母非常友善。
2.名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。eg: This is my dictinary. Where is yurs?名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、表语和宾语 * – Whse bk is this? – It’s mine. 这书是谁的？ - 我的。 * Our rm is big and theirs is small. 我们的房间大，他们的房间小。 * Yu may use my pen. I’ll use hers. 你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。
3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系： 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词 * These bks aren't urs. Ours are new. (ur bks = urs) * This is nt ur rm. Ours is ver there. (ur rm = urs)
4.名词性物主代词可用在f后面做定语，相当于“ f +名词所有格”， 表示所属表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。eg: He is a friend f mine. * A sister f his is a nurse. 他的一个妹妹是个护士。 * Tm is a friend f mine 汤姆是我的一个朋友
定义：反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格，单数加词尾self、复数加词尾selves 构成。 在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的宾语、表语、主语或者宾语的同位语。
（一）作动词的宾语反身代词可以与enjy, hurt, teach, lk after等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。1. enjy neself = have a gd time Did yu enjy yurself at the party last night?2. help neself (t sth.) 随便吃点什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。 Help yurselves t sme fruit.
3. hurt neself 伤着自己 She didn’t hurt herself.4. teach neself = learn by neself自学 Did yu teach yurself English ? = Did yu learn English by yurself?5. lk after neself 照顾自己 I can lk after myself well.
6.say t neself自言自语 Mary said t herself, “ What shall I d?”7.cme t neself苏醒 Sn the by came t neself + 过去分词，使自己被别人… She did her best t make herself neself in 沉浸于……陶醉于…… They bth lst themselves in the beautiful music.
（二） 反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语1. by neself = alne自己做 She has dne her hmewrk by herself.2. fr neself为自己 She made the skirt fr herself.3. f neself自然而然的、自动的 The dr pened f itself.4. amng themselves在他们中间 They are discussing the matter amng themselves.
（三）作表语反身代词可与be动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。 The little by was myself.（四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。1.作主语的同位语 He himself wrte the wrds and music f the sngs.2.作宾语的同位语 I will give the letter t yur brther himself.
四、指示代词this/ that/ these/ thse
1. this, these指在方位上较近的人或物 that, thse指在方位上较远的人或物 *This is my shirt, that’s yurs. *These TVs are made in China, thse are made in Japan.
指示代词表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that (单数) these/thse (复数)
2.that,thse常指前面提过的东西,以免重复 *These bxes are heavier than thse n the desk. 3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that *He was ill yesterday. I’m srry t hear that.
【辨析】ne, it, that it 常用来特指上下文提到的事物，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词，ne泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词，that常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。 The bk is mine. It is very interesting. I have sme apples. Yu can have ne. The weather f Zhengzhu is much wetter than that f Shanghai.
五、不定代词 不指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词 ★ all, each, every, bth, either, neither , nne, ne, little, few, many, much , ther, anther, sme, any, n ★ 由sme, any, n, every 等构成的合成代词
几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.sme/any★ sme 常用于肯定句中， There are sme flwers in frnt f the huse.当说话者期望得到对方的肯定回答或表示请求建议时，可以用在疑问句中. ----Wuld yu like sme bread? ----Yes, please. May I ask yu sme questins? Will yu give me sme water?
★ any常用于否定句和疑问句中，当any表示“任何……”时，可用于肯定句。D yu have any pictures?There aren’t any students in the classrm.2. many/much★ many 修饰或指代复数可数名词 * There are many eggs in the basket. * Many f us like playing games.★ much 修饰或指代不可数名词 * He desn’t knw much English.
3.anther/ther ★ anther 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个 * I dn’t want this apple. Please shw me anther. ★ ther 后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的 * D yu have any ther questins?
4. the ther/thers/the thers ★ the ther 1. 特指两个中的另一个“ne…the ther” * He has tw sns. One is a wrker, the ther is a dctr. 2. 修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些 * Tm likes swimming, and the ther bys in his class like swimming, t.
★thers泛指其他的人或物 * He ften helps thers. * Sme are playing basketball, thers are playing ftball. ★the thers 特指确定范围内剩下的全部的人或物。 * There are fifty students in ur class. Twenty f them are girls, the thers are bys.
图解ther系列不定代词
5.few/a few/little/a little ★ few/a few 修饰可数名词 little/a little 修饰不可数名词 ★ few, little 表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”,“没有多少” a few, a little 表示肯定意义, 译为“有几个”，“有一点”
* There are few peple living here. 这里几乎没人住。 * There are a few students in the classrm. 教室里有一些学生。 * I knw little English. 我不懂英语。 * There is a little milk in the bttle. 瓶子里有些牛奶。
★ few 和 little 与 quite 或 nly 连用时，常加不定冠词 a * There are quite a few new bks in the library. 图书馆里颇有些新书。
6.every/each ★ every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与f 连用 *Every child likes playing games. ★ each 表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与f 连用 *Each student was asked t try again. *Each f them has a new bk.
7.all/nne ★ all “(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前 * We are all frm China. They all like English. ★ nne “没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词f（谓语动词单、复数均可） * Nne f us is/are afraid f dgs.
8.bth/either/neither ★ bth “（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数;作定语时后跟名词复数 * My parents are bth teachers. =Bth f my parents are teachers. ★ neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数. * Neither answer is right.
★ either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人 称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数. * There are trees n either side f the street. = There are trees n bth sides f the street.
★有关词组及应用 1. bth f/either f/neither f * Bth f them swim well. 他们俩都游得很好。 * Either f yu ges t Beijing. 你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。 * Neither f them stpped t have a rest. 他们俩谁都不停下来休息。
2.bth…and（谓语动词用复数形式） either…r/neither…nr(谓语动词遵循就近原则) * Bth Tm and Lucy are in Grade Tw. Tm 和 Lucy 都在二年级。 * Either my father r my mther cks at hme. 或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。 * Neither he nr I am free tday. 我和他今天都没空。
9.smething/anything/nthing/Smebdy/anybdy/ nbdy1. 这些词一般没有词形变化,但以-ne或-bdy结尾的词能带所有格词尾。如：Everyne’s life was in danger. 2. 这些词修饰形容词或者副词时,形容词或者副词都需要后置。3. 这些复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。4. 在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分的主语是everybdy, smene等指人的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语往往用they,也可以用he;若陈述部分的主语是anything, nthing等指物的复合代词时,疑问部分的主语用it。如： Everyne knws this, desn’t he/ dn’t they? Everything seems all right, desn’t it ?
六、疑问代词疑问代词在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句常见的有:wh/ whm/ whse/ what/ which 通常做主语\宾语\定语\表语 * What makes yu think like that ? \做主语\ * Wh(Whm) were yu talking with? \做宾语\ * Which bus d I need? \做定语\ * What’s yur father? \做表语\