2022年人教版六年级小升初英语语法-动词
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动 词
这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词）。
动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：
先用“一（量词）”（如：一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。（目前我们学过的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道）
1、be动词（ am, is, are, was, were ）
1）am—was, is –was, are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。
2）肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not)
long. Her eyes are(not) small.
3）一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
4）be动词的否定形式：am not（没有缩写形式），are not = aren’t ，is not = isn’t 。
练一练：
1、用be动词的适当形式填空。
1）I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2）The girl______ Jack's sister.
3）The dog _______ tall and fat.
4）The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5）______ your brother in the classroom?
6）How _______ your father?
7）Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
8）Whose dress ______ this?
9）Whose socks ______ they?
10）Who ______ I?
11）The jeans ______ on the desk.
12）Here ______ a scarf for you.
13）Here ______ some sweaters for you.
14）The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.
15）This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.
16）The two cups of milk _____ for me.
17）Some tea ______ in the glass.
18）Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.
19）My sister's name ______Nancy.
20）______ David and Helen from England?
21）There ______ a girl in the room.
22）There ______ some apples on the tree.
23）_______ there any apple juice in the bottle?
24）There _______ some bread on the plate.
25）You, he and I ______ from China.
26）There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.
2、助动词（ do, does, did ）
do, does用于一般现在时，其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：do not = don’t, does not = doesn’t, did not = didn’t。
注意：在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do；助动词do, does, did后面一定要用动词原形。
小练习
1、用适当的助动词填空。
1) ______you like this magazine?
2) The girl______like bread for breakfast.
3) ---What ______ she ______ at the weekends? ---She usually plays games with her friends.
4) ---What______ you do last Sunday? ---I wrote to my friend.
5) ---Did you see a Beijing opera? ---No, I ______.
6) He ______not visit a farm last National Day holiday.
7) They______ not like playing volleyball.
8) --- ______Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? ---Yes, he_____.
9) ______Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?
10) ---How many kites ______we have? ---We have ten.
2、找出下列句子中的错误，将序号填入题前括号内，并改正。
( ) 1) Did you had a big lunch with your family last Spring Festival?
A B C
( ) 2)---What do the boy have in his pencil-box? ---He has an eraser.
A B C
( ) 3)They doesn’t like the film.
A B C
( ) 4)Do Jim get up at six everyday?
A B C
( ) 5)Don't giving the ball to Liu Tao.
A B C
3、情态动词
情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。
我们现在学过的情态动词有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must。
注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）
其否定形式：can not = can’t, must not = mustn’t,
注意：may not(无缩写形式)和shall not（shan’t）
练一练：
选择填空。
( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you _____ take photos here. A. must B. can’t C. shouldn't
( ) 2) How many books ______ you see on the desk?
A. may B. can C. should
( ) 3) It means you ______ make noise in the library.
A. should B.. shouldn't C. can
( ) 4) --- ______you like a glass of milk? --- Yes, please.
A. May B. Could C. Would
( ) 5) --- ______you see the sign over there? --- Sorry, I can’t.
A. Can B. Can’t C. Should
( ) 6) ______ we go to the park by bus?
A. May B. Must C. Shall
( )7)----Must I do my homework now. ---- No, you________.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t
( )8)----Would you like to have some more rice? ---- _______.
A. Yes, I would. B. No, I wouldn’t. C. No, I’m full now.
( )9)----Can I have a look at your new pen? ---- ________.
A. Yes, you can. B. Suer, here you are. C. No, please.
4、行为动词
就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词（也叫动名词）+ing、过去式+ed。
（1）动词第三人称单数变化规则：
A、一般直接加“s”，如：play – plays, visit – visits, speak – speaks ；
B、以“s”，“x”，“sh”，“ch”结尾时，加“es”，如：catch – catches, watch – watches ；
C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾时，变“y”为“i”再加“es”，如：carry – carries, study – studies 。
（2）现在分词（动名词）构成规则：
A、一般直接加“ing”，如：go – going, do – doing, look – looking ；
B、以不发音的“e”结尾的单词，去“e” 加“ing”，如：take – taking, make – making, have – having ；
C、以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加“ing”，如：
put – putting, stop – stopping, run – running, get – getting, swim – swimming, sit – sitting, begin – beginning,
jog – jogging, forget – forgetting 。
（3）过去式构成规则：
A、一般直接加“ed”，如：plant – planted, visit – visited, pick – picked ；
B、以不发音字母“e”结尾，直接加“ed”，如：like – liked, hope – hoped, taste – tasted ；
C、以“辅音字母+y”结尾时，变“y”为“i”再加“ed”，如：try – tried, carry – carried, study – studied ；
D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母，再加“ed”，如：stop – stopped ；
E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的，请记忆：
是-am(be)-was-being； 是-are(be)-were-being；
是-be-was, were-being； 成为-become-became-becoming；
开始-begin-began-beginning； 弯曲-bend-bent-bending；
吹-blow-blew-blowing； 买-buy-bought-buying；
能-can-could 捕捉-catch-caught-catching；
选择-choose-chose-choosing； 来-come-came-coming；
切-cut-cut-cutting； 做-do, does-did-doing；
画-draw-drew-drawing； 饮-drink-drank-drinking；
吃-eat-ate-eating； 感觉-feel-felt-feeling；
发现-find-found-finding； 飞-fly-flew-flying；
忘记-forget-forgot-forgetting； 得到-get-got-getting；
给-give-gave-giving； 走-go-went-going；
成长-grow-grew-growing； 有-have, has-had-having；
听-hear-heard-hearing； 受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting；
保持-keep-kept-keeping； 知道-know-knew-knowing；
学习-learn-learned-learning； 允许，让-let-let-letting；
躺-lie-lay-lying； 制造-make-made-making；
可以-may-might 意 味-mean-meant-meaning；
会见 -meet-met-meeting； 必须-must-must
放置-put-put-putting； 读-read-read-reading；
骑、乘-ride-rode-riding； 响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing；
跑-run-ran-running； 说-say-said-saying；
看见-see-saw-seeing； 将-shall-should----；
唱歌-sing-sang-singing； 坐下-sit-sat-sitting；
睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping； 说-speak-spoke-speaking；
度过-spend-spent-spending 。
练一练：
1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。
drink go stay make look have pass _ carry come watch plant fly study brush do teach take see
2、写出下列动词的现在分词。
put give fly get dance sit run plant take swim ask stop take write have smoke think want tell
3、写出下列动词的过去式。
is\am fly plant are drink play go make does dance worry ask taste eat draw put throw kick pass do
4、用动词的适当形式填空。
（1）I ______to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _______to school with me. Yesterday we ______to school together. We like ________to school very much. ( go )
（2）They usually _______lunch at home. But last week, they ____lunch at school. ( have )
（3）That______my English book. It _____new. But now it _____not here.
It ______there a moment ago. ( be )
（4）My sister likes ________very much. She often _______at our school festival. Last term, she _______a lot of songs in the school hall. She ____beautifully. ( sing )
（5）What _____ he usually ______on Sunday? He usually ______his homework.
Look! He __________his homework now. ______he _______his homework last Sunday? Yes, he_______. ( do )
（6）Do people usually_______ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Did you _______moon cakes last Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, I did. I _______a lot of delicious moon cakes. ( eat )
