2022年人教版六年级英语小升初语法(名词、冠词、数词、代词)
展开
2022年人教版六年级英语小升初语法(名词、冠词、数词、代词)一、名 词表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。
强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。 1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”:
a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]。
b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:[iz]。
c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音:[z]。
d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。
e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况1)有生命的+es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) 无生命的+s 读音:[z] 如:photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish,Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。例如:a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice
练一练:
1、写出下列各词的复数。
I him this her watch child photo diary day foot dress tooth sheep box peach strawberry thief engineer potato sandwich man woman leaf Japanese
2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。
(1)Are there two ( box ) on the table?
(2)I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.
(3)How many ( day ) are there in a week?
(4)Here’re five ( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you.
(5)This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there.
二、冠 词冠词是一种虚词,不能独立使用,通常放在名词的前面,分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。
1、不定冠词:a、an。用在单数名词前,表示“一个,一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如: an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour…
2、定冠词:the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法:
(1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:The map on the wall is new.
(2)表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如:Look at the picture, please.
(3)表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如:This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.
(4)用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。 如:the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球
(5)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the Great Wall长城
(6)用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如:the Changjiang River长江
(7)此外,序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。如:the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class
确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。
练一练:
1、用a或an填空。
U” ice-cream goalkeeper teapot apple office Englishman book umbrella unit hour university student
2、根据需要,填写冠词a,an或the “/”
(1)Who is ____girl behind ____tree?
(2) ____old man has two children, ____ son and ____daughter.
(3)This is ____ orange. ____ orange is Lucy’s.
(4)He likes playing ____guitar. We have ____same hobby.
(5)We all had____good time last Sunday.
(6)She wants to be____doctor. (7) I have______ MP4. I like listening to________ music. 三、数 词我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。区别:基数词前面没有“the”;序数词前一定要有“the”。
1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如:21 twenty-one
2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如:101 a/one hundred and one
3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时,一定别忘了它的复数形式。如:十八个男孩 eighteen boys
4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时,如是复数,变它的量词为复数。如:两碗米饭 two bowls of rice
5、序数词一般加“th”,特殊的有:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十:twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth… “第几十几”:前面整十不变,后面“几”改为序数词。如:88 eighty-eighth
练一练:
1、请翻译下列短语。
(1)60名学生 (2)15本英语书
(3)九杯凉水 (4)4个孩子
(5)12月31 (6)6月2日
(7)第九周 (8)40年前
(9)11+7 (10)上学第一天
2、把下列基数词改成序数词。
one two three five nine twelve fourteen twenty thirty-five eighty-one hundred
四、代 词代词有两种:人称代词和物主代词。
1、人称代词分为:第一、第二、第三人称,且有单复数之分。
2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问句除外);宾格在句中做宾语,多用于动词、介词后。
3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后面一定要跟名词,表示该名词是属于谁的。
4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:
This is my bag. = This bay is mine. That is her ruler. = That ruler is hers.
一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词;如无,就用名词性物主代词。
请牢记下表: 单数 复数人称 代词主格Iyouhesheit weyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主 代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs 练一练:
1、按要求写出相应人称代词。
I(宾格) she(形容词性物主代词) we(名词性物主代词) he(复数) us(单数) theirs(主格) its(宾格) us(名词性物主代词) him(复数) 2、想一想,把下表补充完整。 人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称 me us our 第二人称you you 第三人称he themhis their her it its
3、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1)That is not kite. That kite is very small, but is very big. ( I )
2)The dress is . Give it to . ( she )
3)Is this watch? ( you ) No, it’s not . ( I )
4)_ is my brother. name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are . ( he )
5) dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are ? ( you )
6)Show your kite, OK? ( they )
7)I have a beautiful cat. name is Mimi. These cakes are ( it )
8)Are these tickets? No, are not . _ aren’t here. ( they )
9)Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is classroom. ( we )
10) is my aunt. Do you know job? is a nurse. ( she )
11)Where are ? I can’t find . Let’s call parents. ( they )
12)Don’t touch _. is not a cat, is a tiger! ( it )
13) sister is ill. Please go and see . ( she )
14)The girl behind is our friend. ( she )