U2上 教案 核心知识点梳理（教师版） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年）

这是一份U2上 教案 核心知识点梳理（教师版） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年），共14页。教案主要包含了进门测试，多元导学，互动精讲，知识梳理1，跟踪典例，句式分析，巩固练习，知识梳理2等内容，欢迎下载使用。

授课时间：
学习目标
1. 掌握模块三第二单元Reading部分的核心词汇；
2.掌握第二单元的语法不定式的用法。
教学内容
【进门测试】
建议5min
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
S far, cnstructin wrk fr the high-speed railway line linking Beijing and Zhangjiaku 1. ______ （cmplete）.It is reprted that the railway line can reach a tp speed f up t 217mph（350km/h），which will be put int 2.______（perate）by the end f the year.
The new line, 3. ______ （build）in preparatin fr the 4. ______ （twenty-fur）Winter Olympic Games in Beijing, has just entered service, reducing jurney time between the capital and Zhangjiaku, which will stage mst f the skiing events, frm three hurs t 47 minutes.
Zhangjiaku, 5.______ the nrth f Hebei prvince, will hst snwbarding, freestyle skiing and ski jumping at the Games. Anther majr Olympic hst n the new line is Yanqing,
6. ______ skiing and luge（单雪橇）events will take place. Skating, ice-hckey and freestyle skiing will be held in the capital.
The trains will start and stp at statins autmatically（自动地）t a precise timetable, and change speed 7. ______ （depend）n limits between statins. Hwever, a mnitring driver will still be n bard in case f emergencies.
Large strage 8. ______ （ area）have been designed in the trains fr athletes' winter sprts equipment. The carriages are equipped with 5G signals, intelligent lighting and 9.______ variety f real-time safety sensrs（传感器）.This will 10. ______ （ great）satisfy passengers' need.
答案：
1. has been cmpleted. 考查动词的时态语态及主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，连接北京和张家口的高速铁路的建设工作已经完成了。分析句子可知，设空处作谓语，主语与动词cmplete之间为被动关系，结合时间状语S far可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时的被动语态，cnstructin wrk为不可数名词，助动词应用has,故填has been cmpleted。
2. peratin. 考查名词。句意：据报道，这条铁路线最高时速可达217英里/小时（350公里/小时），年底将投入运营。perate是动词，此处作介词int的宾语，应用名词peratin,意思是"使用，运作"，是不可数名词，put sth int peratin"投入运行，投入使用"，故填peratin。
3. built. 考查过去分词。句意：为迎接第二十四届北京冬奥会而修建的新线刚刚投入使用，缩短了首都和张家口之间的旅行时间。build是动词，本句中谓语动词是 has just entered,此处应为非谓语动词作定语修饰主语The new line,The new line与动词build之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填built。
4. twenty-frth. 考查序数词。句意：为迎接第二十四届北京冬奥会而修建的新线刚刚投入使用，缩短了首都和张家口之间的旅行时间。此处表示"第二十四届北京冬奥会"，应用序数词修饰Winter Olympic Games,twenty-fur的序数词形式是是twenty-frth,故填twenty-frth。
5.in. 考查介词。句意：位于河北省北部的张家口市将在本届运动会上举办滑雪板、自由式滑雪和跳台滑雪。张家口市是河北省北部的一座城市，表示"在某内部的北方"，应用in the nrth f,故填in。
6. where. 考查定语从句。句意：新线的另一个主要奥运主办城市是延庆，这里将举行滑雪和雪橇比赛。此处需要一个连接词引导定语从句，先行词Yanqing是地点名词，连接词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句，故填where。
7. depending. 考查现在分词。句意：列车将根据精确的时刻表在车站自动启动和停止，并根据车站之间的限制改变速度。depend n是动词短语，意思是"随…而定，取决于"；本句中and连接并列的谓语动词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语The trains与动词短语depend n之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故填depending。
8. areas. 考查名词复数。句意：火车上设计了大面积的储存区，用于存放运动员的冬季运动器材。area"区域"是可数名词，根据谓语动词have been designed可知，主语应用复数形式，故填areas。
9. a. 考查冠词。句意：车厢内装有5G信号、智能照明和各种实时安全传感器。variety"种类"是可数名词，a variety f表示"各种各样的"，故填a。
10. greatly. 考查副词。句意：这将极大地满足乘客的需要。此处作状语修饰动词satisfy,应用副词greatly,故填greatly。
【多元导学】
建议10min
What ther types f natural disasters d yu knw abut?


【互动精讲】
【知识梳理1】
1. injury injure vt. 伤害，损害 injured adj. 受伤的；受损害的
原文：Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, 却仅有5名学生受轻伤(教材P16)
◆ vt. 伤害，使受伤；损害
(1) serius injury/injuries 重伤
minr injuries 轻伤
sustain injuries/an injury 受伤
escape injury 险受伤害
d sb/ neself an injury/ d an injury t neself/sb 使… 受伤
(2) get injured 受伤
①She was awarded $3,500 fr injury t her feelings.
她获得了3500美元的精神损伤费。
②She was lucky t escape serius injury.
她很幸运，没有受到严重的伤害。
③In the traffic accident, tw were killed and three get injured.
在交通事故中，两人遇难，三人受伤。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①She was awarded $3,500 fr ____________________.
她获得了3500美元的精神损伤费。
②This culd __________________ the cmpany's reputatin.
这会严重损害公司的声誉。
③Running t much t sn is ne f the easiest ways t _______________.
跑的过多过快是最容易受伤的一种方式。
【答案】
① injury t her feelings ② seriusly injure ③ get injured
2. reactin react vi. 反应，作出反应；产生（化学）反应
原文：Her students’ reactin was quick and crrect—they mved under their desks, head first, and held n t the legs f the desks. 她的学生们反应迅速而正确—他们头朝里，钻到桌子下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。(教材P16)
◆n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
(1) in reactin t 对…的反应
reactin against 拒绝；对…的反抗
(2) react t 对…起反应；对(食物)有不良反应
react against 反抗，对抗某人/ 某事
①There has been a mixed reactin t her appintment as directr.
对她获任命为主管一事，人们的反应褒贬不一。
②All new fashin starts ut as a reactin against existing cnventin.
所有新时尚都是从反抗现存习俗开始的。
③Lcal residents have reacted angrily t the news.
当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①__________________ the phenmenn, sme peple called fr raising the air pllutin tax.
为了应对这一现象，有人要求增加空气污染税。
②Still we are cnstantly __________________ ur ignrance.
然而，我们也在不停地抗拒着我们的无知。
= 3 \* GB3 ③Peple can __________________ certain fd additives.
人们对某些食品添加剂会严重过敏
【答案】
① In reactin t ②in reactin against = 3 \* GB3 ③react badly t
3. cnfirm cnfirmatin n. 确认；证实；证明；批准 cnfirmed adj. 确认的 cnfirmable 可证实的；可确定的
原文： After a rll call cnfirmed that all were safe and sund, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each ther. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，大家才松了一口气，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。(教材P16)
◆vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准
cnfrm sth 确认，证实…
cnfrm that/ wh-clause 确认，证实
cnfrm sb in sth 使某人确信某事
It has been cnfirmed that… 已确定
①Rumurs f jb lsses were later cnfirmed.
裁员的传言后来得到了证实。
②Has everyne cnfirmed (that) they're cming?
他们是不是每个人都肯定过一定会来？
③It has cnfirmed me in my decisin nt t becme a nun.
这已让我坚信我不当修女的决定是正确的。
【跟踪典例】
①I'm still waiting fr _________________ f the test results.
我仍在等待考试结果的通知书。
②The walk in the muntains _____________________.
在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。
③______________________ the meeting will take place next week.
已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。
【答案】 = 1 \* GB3 ① cnfirmatin 2. cnfirmed his fear f heights 3. It has been cnfirmed that
4. ccur ccurred ccurrent adj.正在发生的；偶然发生的 ccurrence n. 发生；出现；事件；发现
原文：It immediately ccurred t her that these were signs f an appraching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。(教材P17)
◆vi. 发生，出现；存在于
sth ccur(s) t sb 某人突然想起某事
sth escape(s) sb 某人忘记某事
It ccurs t/ strikes/ hits sb that 某人突然想起某事
It ccurs t sb t d sth 某人想到要做某事
①When exactly did the incident ccur?
这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？
②The idea ccurred t him in a dream.
这个主意是他在梦中想到的。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①______________________ Lndn seems t affrd him a freedm he desn't have in New Yrk r Ls Angeles.
这提醒了我，在伦敦他有着比在纽约或者洛杉矶更多的自由。
②______________________ t ask fr help.
她没想到请别人帮忙。
③A gd idea ___________________ when I wke up this mrning.
今天早上醒来时我突然有一个好点子。
【答案】①It ccurs t me that ②It didn't ccur t her ③ccurred t me
5. relief relieve vt.解除，减轻；使放心
原文：T her great relief, the fficer immediately realized the cming danger. 使她大为宽慰的是，安全员立即意识到危险即将来临。(教材P17)
◆n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
(1)in relief 如释重负，松了口气
t ne’s relief 令人感到欣慰的是
with relief 宽慰的
It’s a relief t d sth 做某事是令人欣慰的
What a relief！ 可轻松了
(2)relieve sb f 解除某人某方面的负担
relieve anxiety/guilt/stress 消除焦虑/内疚/缓解压力
①We all breathed a sigh f relief when he left.
他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。
②It was a relief t be able t talk t smene abut it.
能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了
③The new secretary will relieve us f sme f the paperwrk.
新来的秘书会减轻我们文案工作的一些负担。
【跟踪典例】
①___________________, the car was nt damaged.
令我非常庆幸的是车并没有损坏。
②Hearing that we all pass the exam, the whle class sighed _______________.
听到我们所有人都及格的消息之后，全班都舒了一口气。
③Nthing culd ___________ my terrible sense f blame.
没什么能把我从极度自责中解脱出来。
【答案】①Much t my relief②with relief ③relieve
6. infrm infrmatin n. 信息 infrmed adj. 见多识广的；消息灵通的
原文：Remember t infrm yurself f what is ging n. 记住要提醒自己发生了什么。(教材P19)
◆vt. 了解，熟悉；通知
infrm sb f/ abut sth 通知某人某事
infrm sb that… 通知；告知
keep sb infrmed f sth 随时告知某人某事
infrm against 检举；告发
【跟踪典例】
①Please __________________ any changes f address.
地址若有变动请随时通知我们。
②We regret t __________________ yur applicatin has nt been successful.
我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。
③Please ____________________ fresh develpments.
请随时告诉我最新的进展情况。
【答案】①infrm us f②infrm yu that ③keep me infrmed f
7. be ding… when
原文：Alice Brwn, head teacher at Falmnt Primary Schl, was teaching when the flr began t shake. 弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯 · 布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。(教材P16)
【句式分析】
本句中 “be ding… when ”，意为“正在做某事，突然…”。
be abut t d sth… when/ be n the pint f ding … when意为“正要做某事。突然…”
had just dne sth… when 意为“刚刚做了某事，突然…”
①An agreement was abut t be reached when the ther side raised new issues.
快要达成协议的时候，对方又节外生枝。
②He was reading his nvel when she came in.
她进来的时候他正在读小说。
③I had just finished my hmewrk when my father came in.
我刚做完家庭作业，父亲来了。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①I ____________________ when the bell rang.
铃响时我正在吃饭。
②He was ______________________ smething when the phne rang.
他正要说些什么的时候，电话响了。
③I ____________________ all the invitatins and bkings when her bss gave her the new prject.
我刚发完所有的请柬，什么都预定好了，这时候她老板给了她一个新项目。
【答案】 ①was having dinner ②n the pint f saying ③ had just finished
【巩固练习】
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 单词拼写
1. Medical units were perating in the d__________ area.
2. Peple's r__________ t the film has varied greatly.
3. Several vehicles were damaged in the c__________.
4. A brief dip int histry serves t c__________ this view.
5. The peratin itself is a brief, painless __________ (过程).
6. News f their safety came as a great __________ (轻松).
7. A pwerful __________ (台风) nearly frced the plane t make an emergency landing.
8. Under such cnditins, the __________ (破坏性的) effects f bacteria are diminished.
Ⅱ. 单句语法
1. Students ____________ large felt that the discipline was t strict.
2. It's a beautiful, clean and ____________(rder) city.
3. It did nt ccur ____________ me t check my insurance plicy.
4. ____________ my relief, he realized the imprtance f study.
5. The wide ____________ (destructive) f acid rain, hwever, has cme t be realized nly in recent decades.
6. Please keep me fully ____________ (infrm) f any develpments.
7. We were having dinner ____________ the dr was kncked.
8. Hw did they ____________ (reactin) when they learned the news?
答案：
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. disaster 2. reactin 3.crash 4. cnfirm
5. prcedure 6. relief 7. typhn 8. destructive
Ⅱ. 单句语法
1. at 2. rderly 3.t 4. T 5. destructiveness 6. infrmed 7. when 8. react
【知识梳理2】
动词不定式
动词不定式的定义：动词不定式（t d），为非谓语动词。在英语语法中，动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。它之所以被称做不定式，是因为动词不被限定，或者说不被词性变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词形式。
一. 动词不定式作定语
1．动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的词的后面。
①Is this the best way t slve the prblem?
这是帮助解决问题的最好方法吗？
= 2 \* GB3 ②Can yu find a prper persn t finish this jb in time？
你能找到合适的人及时完成这项工作吗?
【跟踪典例】 用所给动词的适当形式填空
= 1 \* GB3 ① D yu have anything ___________ (d)tnight？
【答案】
①t d
2.不定式作定语，与其被修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系或动宾关系。
①He's always the first ne t finish the hmewrk.(主谓关系)
他总是第一个完成家庭作业。
②Please give me smething t drink.(动宾关系)
请给我点喝的。
注意：动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；如果不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，使其成为及物的动词短语。
①He wanted t find a new apartment t live in.
他想找一所新公寓住。
【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空
①D yu have anything _____________ (take) t yur sister?
②Wuld yu please give me sme paper _____________ (take)?
【答案】
①t be taken ②t write n
3．当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级the first，the last等修饰，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。
①He is the first t pse an alternative cncept f the wrld.
他是第一个提出另一种新的世界概念的人。
②Perhaps the best way t read this bk is t read it alud t yurself r with yur friends.
也许读这本书最好的方法就是大声地读给自己听或者和朋友一起读。
【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空
①He was the last persn t ____________ (ask) t speak.
②He is the best man ____________ (d) the jb.
【答案】
①t be asked ②t d
4．当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, pprtunity等。
①We nw have the ability t gather huge amunts f data.
我们现在有能力收集大量的数据。
②He was the man behind the plan t build a new hspital.
他就是策划建立新医院的人。
【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空
①She made a clumsy attempt ____________ (aplgize).
②Nw he has a chance ____________ (put) his life back in rder.
【答案】
①t aplgize ②t put
二．动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语通常用于以下句式中：s/ ; ; ; nly t(常表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果)。
①I'm nt such a fl as t believe that.
我不至于蠢到相信那种事。
= 2 \* GB3 ②The fd wasn't enugh t satisfy his hunger.
这食物不足以让他解饿。
= 3 \* GB3 ③He hurried t the statin t find the train had gne.
他匆忙赶往车站，结果发现火车开走了。
注意：结构并不一定是“太……而不能”之意。与搭配的形容词常见的有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等。
She was t tired t take a shwer.
她累得不想淋浴了。
【跟踪典例】用所给动词的适当形式填空
①He was nt brave enugh ____________ (reprt) the lss f the dcuments.
②The manager gt t the cmpany in a hurry, ____________ (find) that he had left his laptp back at hme.
= 3 \* GB3 ③He's ld enugh t ____________ (make) a trip alne.
【答案】
①t reprt ②nly t find ③t make
【巩固练习】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Vlunteering gives yu a chance ________ (change) lives, including yur wn.
2. US singer Bb Dylan was awarded the 2016 Nbel Prize in Literature, becming the first sngwriter ________ (win) the hnur.
3. I have a lt f readings ________ (cmplete) befre the end f this term.
4. There is a nte pinned t the dr ________ (say) when the shp will pen again.
5. She will tell us why she feels s strngly that each f us has a rle ________ (play) in making the earth a better place t live.
6. Whatever difficulties I meet, I have cnfidence __________ (cnquer) them.
7. Friedman pints ut that the green ecnmy is a chance ________ (keep) American strength.
8. His failure ________ (react) quickly enugh caused the crash.
9. Bruce is adred by his teachers, fr he is always the first ______(hand) in his hmewrk.
10. T mst f the peple, it seems that the nly freign language ________ (learn) is English.
11. He hurried t the library nly ________ (find) it was clsed.
12. It is a famus saying that ne is never t ld ________ (learn).
13. Yu are lucky enugh ______________ (get) the jb.
14. One is never t yung nr t ld __________ (change) his self-image and thereby start t live a new life.
15. The vcabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are s trivial and few as hardly __________ (ntice).
1.【答案】t change【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。
2.【答案】t win【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。the first t d sth.第一个做某事的人。
3.【答案】t cmplete【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。和主语之间是主动关系。
4.【答案】saying【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。和主语之间是主动关系。
5.【答案】t play【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。主语和动作之间是主动关系。
6.【答案】t cnquer【解析】考查动词不定式的用法。根据句子结构，cnfidence为抽象名词，因此抽象名词后常用动词不定式作后置定语。故填t cnquer。
7.【答案】t keep【解析】a chance t d sth.做某事的机会，固定搭配。chance名词，机会，其后跟动词不定式作定语。故填t keep。
8.【答案】t react【解析】句意：他反应不够快导致了车祸。此处的不定式t react作His failure的后置定语。故填t react。
9.【答案】t hand【解析】句意：布鲁斯深受老师的喜爱，因为他总是第一个交作业的人。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词；由句意可知，空格处作定语修饰the first，修饰序数词作后置定语需用动词不定式形式。故填t hand。
10.【答案】 t learn【解析】【试题解析】句意：对大多数人来说，学习的唯一外语是英语。 the nly+名词+不定式， the nly以及这些词修饰的名词后常接不定式作定语。故填t learn。
11.【答案】t find
12.【答案】t learn【解析】考查固定结构。句意：活到老学到老是一句著名的谚语。此处考查“t…t…（太……而不能）”结构。根据句意和提示词可知，故填t learn。
13.【答案】t get【解析】考查搭配（非谓语动词）。enugh t d sth足以做某事，固定搭配。故填t get。
14.【答案】t change【解析】句意：一个人永远不会因为太年轻或太老而不能改变自己的形象并且因此开始新的生活。是固定搭配，译为“太……而不能……”，故填​t change。
15.【答案】t be nticed【解析】考查不定式被动语态。句意：英美英语在词汇和语法上的差异是微不足道的，很少有人注意到。在固定搭配“ t d”中，要使用不定式，因动词ntice和名词differences之间是动宾关系，要使用被动语态。故填t be nticed。
【课堂检测】
七选五
Spanish Wedding Weddings are big and imprtant things in Spain. Yu're likely t find the whle family and the whle village turn ut t celebrate. （1） ______ Sme f the custms are similar, such as thrwing rice,but thers are less familiar.
（ 2） ______ The main part f a traditinal wedding is the grm presenting the bride with 13 cins,which represent his prmise t supprt her. Hwever, times have changed and tday's brides and grms exchange the cins as a symbl f the wealth they will equally share.
Spanish weddings d nt include bridesmaids（伴娘） r grmsmen（伴郎）.（3） ______ There is n Best Man r Maid f Hnr. At the receptin, the head table is traditinally set fr 6 peple： the bride, the grm and their parents. （4） ______ Bridesmaids are a part f Spanish wedding.
During the wedding receptin, the bride and grm g frm table t table carrying a basket with small wedding presents. The men will be ffered a cigar r a mini-bttle f wine. And the wmen will be ffered a little present. This may be the time in which guests als "hand back" the preferred wedding gift： mney in envelpes.
（ 5） ______
A. Mst Spanish weddings are cnnected with cins.
B. But tday, with Hllywd's influence weddings change a bit.
C. The cuple stand tgether at the altar（圣坛）with n ne else.
D. Therefre, yu will find the traditinal weddings are crwded.
E. In Spain, the wedding ring is wrn n the ring finger f the right hand.
F. Invitatins are usually sent ut ne r tw weeks befre the wedding ceremny.
G. Sme cuples als send ut the number f a bank accunt alng with the invitatin.
答案：
1. D. 推理判断题。上文"Yu're likely t find the whle family and the whle village turn ut t celebrate.（你可能会发现整个家庭和整个村庄都出来庆祝。）"说明在西班牙婚礼上人很多且热闹。D选项Therefre, yu will find the traditinal weddings are crwded.（因此，你会发现传统的婚礼是拥挤的。）符合文意。故选D项。
2. A. 推理判断题。下文"The main part f a traditinal wedding is the grm presenting the bride with 13 cins, which represent his prmise t supprt her. Hwever, times have changed and tday's brides and grms exchange the cins as a symbl f the wealth they will equally share.（传统婚礼的主要部分是新郎向新娘赠送13枚硬币，这代表他支持她的承诺。然而，时代变了，今天的新娘和新郎交换硬币，作为他们将平等分享的财富的象征。）"说明不论是传统还是现代婚礼都和硬币有关。A选项Mst Spanish weddings are cnnected with cins.（大多数西班牙人的婚礼都和硬币有关。）符合文意。故选A项。
3. C. 推理判断题。下文"There is n Best Man r Maid f Hnr.（没有伴郎和伴娘。）"说明婚礼上是没有伴郎伴娘的。C选项The cuple stand tgether at the altar （圣坛） with n ne else.（这对新人单独站在圣坛上。）符合文意。故选C项。
4. B. 细节理解题。上文"There is n Best Man r Maid f Hnr.（没有伴郎和伴娘。）"说明传统婚礼上是没有伴郎伴娘的。下文"Bridesmaids are a part f Spanish wedding.（伴娘是西班牙婚礼的一部分。）"说明现代婚礼和传统婚礼是有不同的。B选项But tday, with Hllywd's influence weddings change a bit.（但是今天，在好莱坞的影响下，婚礼发生了一些变化。）符合文意。故选B项。
5. G. 细节理解题。上文"This may be the time in which guests als "hand back" the preferred wedding gift： mney in envelpes.（在这个时候，客人们也会把自己喜欢的结婚礼物"递"回去：装在信封里的钱。）"说明结婚礼物和钱有关。G选项Sme cuples als send ut the number f a bank accunt alng with the invitatin.（有些情侣还会在邀请函中附上银行账户的号码。）与钱有关，符合文意。故选G项。
【要点回顾】
【温故知新】
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 阅读理解
We recgnize ur friends' faces. And we're nt alne. Many scial animals can identify individuals f their wn species by features £ their faces. That's imprtant, because they need t be able t change their behavir depending n wh they meet. And a recent research has shwn that sme species f mnkeys, birds, and dmesticated（家养的）animals can even tell different faces apart by lking at phtgraphs alne.
Ethlgist Lea Lansade f the French Natinal Research Institute fr Agriculture, Fd and Envirnment did an experiment t find ut hw well hrses can recgnize individual peple in phtgraphs.
She and her team first taught the hrses hw t "chse" between tw side-by-side pictures by tuching their nses t a cmputer screen. The hrses were then shwn phts f their present keeper alngside faces f unfamiliar humans. They had never seen phts f any f the peple befre. The hrses crrectly identified their current keeper and ignred（忽视）the stranger's face abut 75% f the time. In fact, even thugh the hrses didn't get it right every single time, they were at least as crrect in picking ut their earlier keeper as they were at identifying their present ne.
The results suggest that nt nly can hrses differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar human faces, they als naturally understand that phtgraphs are tw- dimensinal representatins（二维呈现）f real life, withut any ther intimatins such as smell r sund. And they're even better at this than ur ldest animal parter, the dmestic dg.
In additin, hrses seem t have a strng lng-term memry fr human faces, like their lng lifespan and histry f dmesticatin. In future experiments, the researchers wuld like t test whether lking at phts f peple that they have had bad experiences with in the past might cause hrses t act anxius r even avidance. S maybe think twice befre ding anything that might give a hrse a lng face.
1. Why did researchers shw the hrses bth the keeper's phts and the strangers'?
A. T find ut what hrses wuld d in the experiment.
B. T see why hrses culd recgnize the keeper in the pictures.
C. T test whether hrses culd recgnize the strangers in pictures.
D. T study t what degree hrses can make ut different peple in pictures.
2. What des the underlined wrd "intimatins" in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. cluesB. differencesC. phtgraphsD. senses
3. What are researchers still uncertain abut?
A. Whether hrses can live lnger than ther animals.
B. Whether hrses can remember human's faces fr a lng time.
C. Whether hrses can shw their emtins at the sight f phts.
D. Whether hrses are better at recgnizing phts than ther animals.
4. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T talk abut animals' species.
B. T explain animals' facial features.
C. T shw animals' behaviur fr adaptatin.
D. T intrduce animals' ability t identifying faces.
B
Hallween is a great time in the lives f bth children and adults. Hwever, even the best Hallween can be ruined by trees filled with tilet paper and egg residues（残渣）that wn't wash f. Hw can yu keep yur hme safe n Hallween？ There are sme measures yu can take.
Make it knwn that yu're at hme. Pranksters are less likely t play a trick if they knw smene is at hme. Yu may want t clse the glass n yur screen dr and pen yur frnt dr s that yu can see everyne mving arund utside. This als allws pranksters t see that yu're at hme.
Turn n the lights inside yur hme and utside. Having all the lights n lets pranksters knw that yu're nt nly at hme, but yu're awake. If a prankster knws yu're awake, he'll be mre likely t skip （快速溜走）yur huse and head fr anther ne. Even if yu need t get in bed early, keep all the lights n except in yur bedrm. Pranksters aren't ging t knw which rm is yur bedrm.
Ask the plice t patrl the area. It's a pliceman's jb t keep citizens safe, especially n Hallween. In sme cities the crime rate can increase fast n Octber 31. A plite call t yur lcal plice statin shuld get yu the service yu need. Abve all, n pranksters are ging t thrw eggs at yur huse when the plicemen are patrlling the area.
Set up a neighbrhd watch. One f the best ways t keep yur hme safe n Hallween is t get the neighbrs invlved. N ne wants his trees cvered with tilet paper. Ask yur neighbrs t keep their eyes pen and t fllw the same steps yu've taken t help keep yur hme safe. If the entire neighbrhd is lit up, pranksters are less likely t stp by.
5. The underlined wrd "Pranksters" in Paragraph 2 prbably means thse wh______.
A. like Hallween very much
B. play practical jkes n peple
C. ften cmmit a crime at night
D. enter ne's huse by frce
6. Hw can yu make pranksters knw yu are at hme and skip yur huse?
A. By mving arund utside yur huse.
B. By clsing yur frnt dr.
C. By turning n inside and utside lights.
D. By keeping yur huse quiet and dark.
7. Accrding t the furth paragraph, we can learn________.
A. a pliceman's main task is t patrl the area
B. the crime rate increases fast in sme cities
C. yu have t pay fr a pliceman t patrl yur area
D. the plicemen can help a lt with yur hme safety n Hallween
8. The last paragraph stresses the imprtance f ___________.
A. neighbrhd teamwrk
B. keeping hmes safe
C. being n ne's guard
D. infrming every ne f the danger
答案：
A
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以马为例做了面孔识别能力实验，主要探究动物能否像人类一样识别人脸。
1. D.推理判断题。根据第三段The hrses crrectly identified their current keeper and ignred （忽视） the stranger's face abut 75%f the time.（在75%的情况下，这些马能正确识别出它们现在的主人，并忽略陌生人的脸）"可知，科学家通过这种方式来验证马能否识别熟脸。由此可知，研究人员给马看饲养员和陌生人的照片是为了研究马能在多大程度上分辨出照片中的不同人。故选D项
2. A.词句猜测题。根据第四段The results suggest that nt nly can hrses differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar human faces, they als naturally understand that phtgraphs are tw dimensinal representatins f real life, withut any ther intimatins such as smell r sund.（结果表明，马不仅能区分熟悉和不熟悉的人脸 ，它们还能很自然地理解照片是真实生活的二维表征，没有任何其他intimatins ，如气味或声音）可知，马仅仅通过脸相，而不是气味、声音等线索、依据"来识别。由此推知，划线词intimatins与dues意思接近。A. clues线索；B. differences不同；C. phtgraphs照片；D. senses意识。故选A项。
3. C.推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句In future experiments, the researchers wuld like t test whether lking at phts f peple that they have had bad experiences with in the past might cause hrses t act anxius r even avidance. （在未来的实验中，研究人员想测试一下，看过去有过不好经历的人的照片是否会导致马表现出焦虑甚至回避）可推知，马是否能表达感情，研究者还不确定。故选C项。
4. D.推理判断题。根据第一段We recgnize ur friends' faces. And we're nt alne. Many scial animals can identify individuals f their wn species by features f their faces. That's imprtant, because they need t be able t change their behavir depending n wh they meet. And a recent research has shwn that sme species f mnkeys, birds, and dmesticated （家养的） animals can even tell different faces apart by lking at phtgraphs alne.（我们识别得了朋友的脸。但并不是只有我们（人类）可以做到。许多群居动物可以通过面部特征来识别同类。这很重要，因为他们需要能够根据他们遇到的人改变他们的行为。最近的项研究表明，一些种类的猴子、 鸟类和家养动物甚至可以通过单独看照片来区分不同的面孔）可知，有一些动物可以识别不同的面孔，结合下文内容描写马的面孔识别实验可知，本文主要是介绍动物识别面孔的能力。故选D项。
B
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些对付万圣 节恶作剧者的措施。
5. B.词句猜测题。根据文章第一段"Hallween is a great time in the lives f bth children and adults. Hwever, even the best Hallween can be ruined by trees filled with tilet paper and egg residues（残渣）that wn't wash f. Hw can yu keep yur hme safe n Hallween？ There are sme measures yu can take." （万圣节是儿童和成人生活中的一个重要时刻。然而，即使是最好的万圣节也可能被装满厕纸和鸡蛋残渣的树给毁了。） 可知，万圣节期间，可能会有人开些过火的玩笑（恶作剧） ， 使人烦恼，再根据划线词句"Pranksters are less likely t play a trick if they knw smene is at hme." （如果他们知道有人在家， Pranksters不太可能开玩笑。） 从而推断，划线词汇Pranksters为开玩笑搞恶作剧者" ，选项B与之意义最为接近。故选B项。
6. C.细节理解题。根据第三段中"Turn n the lights inside yur hme and utside. Having all the lights n lets pranksters knw that yu're nt nly at hme, but yu're awake. If a prankster knws yu're awake, he'll be mre likely t skip （快速溜走）yur huse and head fr anther ne." （打开你家里和外面的灯。所有的灯都亮着，让恶作剧者知道你不仅在家，而且你还醒着。如果一个爱恶作剧的人知道你醒着，他很可能会快速从你的房子溜走，去另一个地方。） 可知，要想使恶作剧者知道你在家并从你的房子那里溜走，你应该打开你家里和外面的灯。故选C项。
7. D.推理判断题。根据第四段中"Ask the plice t patrl the area. It's a pliceman's jb t keep citizens safe, especially n Hallween." （要求警察在这个地区巡逻。保护市民的安全是警察的工作，特别是在万圣节。） 结合文章主题"介绍几个对付万圣节恶作剧者的措施。可知，在万圣节这天，警察可以在家庭安全方面帮助你很多。故选D项。
8. A.推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Set up a neighbrhd watch. One f the best ways t keep yur hme safe n Hallween is t get the neighbrs invlved." （建立邻里监督。在万圣节这天，保证你家安全的最好方法之一就是让邻居们参与进来。 ） 可知本段重点强调了邻里间的团队合作。故选A项。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As the new academic year begins, freshmen are entering cllege campuses acrss the cuntry, many f them accmpanied by parents. Xidian University in Xi'an city has intrduced a plicy that has caught everyne's attentin.
It will give away "Freshman Independence Award" t thse 1. ______ cme t cllege alne, nt accmpanied by parents. Awardees will receive a certificate, a specially2. ______ （design） T-shirt, and a phtgraph f them entering the campus.
That's a very 3. ______ （create） idea and will encurage the yung t be bld enugh t travel hundreds r thusands f kilmeters n their wn 4. ______ （ reach） their new clleges. After all, being independent is 5. ______ essential part f grwing up.
Mst cllege freshmen are just 18 and have had little chance f travelling in the past years, as they 6. ______ （ ccupy）with their high schl wrk. Ging t cllege culd be their first chance t be n their wn. The plicy might 7. ______ （ actual） encurage them t be independent.
Hwever, that des nt mean thse cming accmpanied by parents shuld be laughed 8. ______ . Many families lk frward t the mment when 9. ______ （ they） children will g t cllege and wuld like t capture the mment. Many families thus travel frm ne city t anther with their cllege-ging members in 10. ______ （ celebrate）.
答案：
本文是说明文。随着新学年的开始，全国各地的大一新生纷纷进入大学校园，他们中的许多人都是在家长的陪伴下入学的。本文讨论了大学新生报到是否应该家人陪伴的问题。
1. wh.考查定语从句。句意：学校将颁发"新生独立奖"给那些独自来大学而没有父母陪伴的学生。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰thse,从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词wh,故填wh。
2. designed.考查过去分词。句意：获奖者将获得一份证书，一件特别设计的t恤，以及一张他们进入校园留念的照片。分析句子可知，design作定语，修饰T-shirt,二者之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填designed。
3. creative.考查形容词。句意：这是一个非常有创意的想法，将鼓励年轻人勇敢地独自旅行数百或数千公里去他们新的大学。分析句子可知，修饰名词用形容词，故填creative。
4. t reach.考查不定式。句意：这是一个非常有创意的想法，将鼓励年轻人勇敢地独自旅行数百或数千公里去他们新的大学。" travel hundreds r thusands f kilmeters n their wn " 旅行数百数千公里为了做某事，分析句子可知，t reach不定式是目的状语，故填t reach。
5. an.考查冠词。句意：毕竟，独立是成长的重要组成部分。part是可数名词，根据句意，此处表示泛指，且essential以元音音素开头，故填an。
6. were ccupied.考查动词时态语态。句意：大多数大学新生都只有18岁，由于他们在高中时忙于学习，很少有机会去旅游。be ccupied with sth."忙于做某事"，是固定短语，由with their high schl wrk 可推断，用一般过去时，且主语they是复数，故填were ccupied。
7. actually.考查副词。句意：这项政策实际上可能会鼓励他们变得独立。修饰动词encurage用副词作状语，故填actually。
8. at.考查介词。句意：然而，这并不意味着有父母陪伴的孩子就应该被嘲笑。laugh at嘲笑，是固定短语，根据句意，故填at。
9. their.考查代词。句意：许多家庭都期待着他们的孩子上大学的那一刻，并想要体验那一刻。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
10.celebratin.考查名词。句意：许多家庭因此与他们上大学的成员从一个城市旅行到另一个城市来庆祝。介词后接名词作宾语，celebratin"庆祝"，此处用作不可数名词。故填celebratin。
预习思考
预习第二单元后半部分的内容，为下节课的学习做好准备。