还剩7页未读，
继续阅读
U1下 教案 核心知识点梳理（学生版） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年）
展开
这是一份U1下 教案 核心知识点梳理（学生版） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年），共10页。教案主要包含了进门测试，多元导学，互动精讲，知识梳理1，跟踪典例，巩固练习，知识梳理2，句式分析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
授课时间：
学习目标
1. 掌握第一单元核心语法专题省略；
2. 掌握第一单元Extended Reading部分核心词汇，并学会灵活应用。
教学内容
【进门测试】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The phrase "One Persn Can Make a Difference" is ne f thse sayings that great imprtance___36___（attach）t when we teach yungsters—t encurage them t d smething___37___（significance）, t help anther persn, r t dream big abut___38___they will change the wrld.
As adults, d we really believe this? I am writing t tell yu that indeed "ne persn can",___39___I knw ne persn did an act f kindness___40___changed my life and the lives f millins mre.
Almst 15 years ag while driving acrss twn, I was listening t a radi interview and heard an inspiring stry f ___41___（generus）. A wman had carried in ten winter cats thrugh the Thanksgiving weekend crwds n mass transprtatin___42___（dnate）them at the One Warm Cat drive. She knew the city had many peple in need.
She was nly ne persn, yet it was her actin that made me realize that mre peple___43___be able t dnate if there were mre drp-ff lcatins. Nw, nearly 15 years later, One Warm Cat___44___（inspire）the dnatin f ver 4 millin cats acrss the cuntry. As the Natinal Funder, I feel warm, knwing that we each are capable____45____making a real difference in the lives f thusands each Fall and Winter.
S when yu wnder "will it really matter?", I can tell yu that it will!
【多元导学】
Brevity is the sul f wit.
简洁是智慧的灵魂。
—William Shakespeare(Hamlet)
观察以下句子，说一说括号里的部分是否可以省略？为什么？
1.-- Hw is yur mther tday?
-- (She is ) Much better.
2.(Is there) Anything wrng?
3.—What d yu think made Mary s upset?
Lsing her bicycle (made Mary s upset)
4. (Yu) Open the dr, please.
(Yu’d) Better take an umbrella.
5.She asked me t dance with her, but I didn’t want t (dance with her).
6. I really didn’t want t g there with him, but I had t (g there with him).
7. —Aren’t yu the manager？
—N,and I dn’t want be ( the manager ).
【互动精讲】
【知识梳理1】语法之省略句
省略句
省略句的定义：为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。
在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：
一. 状语从句中的省略
1. 在when, while, if, as if, thugh, althugh, as, until, nce, whether, unless等连接的状语从句中，若从句中的主语与主句主语一致且谓语中含有be动词，常省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。当从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
= 1 \* GB3 ①She fell asleep while (he was) ding his hmewrk.
他在做作业时睡着了。
= 2 \* GB3 ②Often she wuld weep when (she was) alne.
她一个人时，常常哭泣。
= 3 \* GB3 ③If (it is) pssible, I'll g uting.
如果可能的话，我将去郊游。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
= 1 \* GB3 ①While ___________(cycle), dn't frget the traffic lights.
骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He pened his muth as if ___________(say) smething.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
= 3 \* GB3 ③If ___________(leave) untreated, the cnditin may becme chrnic.
如果得不到治疗，此病可能会转成慢性。
注意：有些由if构成的省略结构，已属固定短语，如if any, if necessary, if pssible, if nt, if s：
= 1 \* GB3 ①There are few, if any, mistakes in that bk.
那本书就是有错误也不多。
= 2 \* GB3 ②If necessary, ring me at hme.
如果必要，可以打电话到我家找我。
= 3 \* GB3 ③If pssible, I wish t g there next summer.
如果可能，我希望明年夏天去。
= 4 \* GB3 ④He may be busy. If s, I’ll call later. If nt, can I see him nw?
他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?
2. 在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
= 1 \* GB3 ①I knw yu better than (I knw) him.
我了解你胜过了解他。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He runs as fast as Bb (runs)．
他跑得和鲍勃一样快。
二．定语从句和宾语从句中的省略
1．定语从句中的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whm, which, that可省略(但whm, which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
The man (wh/whm/that) yu want t meet has cme.
你要见的人来了。
(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。
D yu knw the way (that/in which) wrk is measured?
你知道衡量工作的方式吗？
2．宾语从句中的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
= 1 \* GB3 ①I believe (that) beauty cmes frm within.
我相信美丽来自内心。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He said (that) the text was very imprtant and that we shuld learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。
(2)when, where, hw和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
She wants t learn English well, yet she desn't knw hw (she can learn it well)．
她想学好英语，但她不知道怎样才能学好。
【跟踪典例】把句中可以省略的部分用横线标出来
①Amng the many dangers which sailrs have t face, prbably the greatest f all is fg.
②Please send us all the infrmatin that yu have abut the candidate fr the psitin.
③Jerry did nt regret giving the cmment but felt that he culd have expressed it differently.
④She didn't g t schl yesterday. I dn't knw why she didn't g t schl yesterday.
三. 动词不定式的省略
1．当不定式在形容词afraid, anxius, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，t后的内容常省略。
Yu can't frce him t answer the questin if he's nt ready t (answer the questin)．
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
2．某些使役动词如：make, let, have等和感官动词如：see, watch, ntice, bserve, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略t，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则t不省略。
We ften hear her sing an English sng in the classrm.
→She is ften heard t sing an English sng in the classrm.(被动语态)
我们经常听见她在教室里唱英语歌。
3．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号t。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不省略t。
= 1 \* GB3 ①He likes t swim mre than (t) skate.
比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He believes it imprtant t study rather than t play cmputer games.(比较)
他认为最重要的是学习而不是玩电脑游戏。
4．当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree, affrd, expect, frget, hpe, knw, manage, pretend, remember, refuse, want, wish, wuld like等。
I asked him t see the film, but he didn't want t (see the film)．
我请他看电影，但是他不想去。
5．介词but, except(除了)前有实义动词d的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带t。
All he culd d was nthing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等等看。
6．当不定式在be ging t, be able t, have t, ught t, used t后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。
They dn't g shpping as much as they used t (g shpping)．
他们不像过去那样经常去购物了。
注意：(1)省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，t后要保留原形的have或be。
(2)类似这样用法的还有动词短语be ging t, be abut t, be suppsed t, have t, used t及形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等。
= 1 \* GB3 ①He didn't cme, but he ught t have (cme)．
他没来，但他应该来。
= 2 \* GB3 ②—Are yu a farmer?
—N, but I used t be (a farmer)．
——你是个农民吗？
——不是，但我过去是。
【跟踪典例】单句改错
①There were s many cars held up by the heavy rain n the rad that we had n alternative but wait.
②We can d nthing but t give up.
③He was nticed leave the ffice.
④The city nw is much nisier than it used t.
⑤My mther wuldn't let me t g t see the film.
【巩固练习】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Once __________ (addict) t nline games, teenagers are harmed bth physically and mentally.
2. __________ (cncern) abut the student, the teacher called his parents t find ut why he was s ften ab-sent frm class.
3. A vaccine can't be put nt the market unless __________ (test) n a large scale.
4. Film has a much shrter histry, especially when __________ (cmpare) t such art frms as music and painting.
5. When __________ (publish), the nvel will becme ne f the best sellers f the year.
6. Xiaming must have been playing ftball at that time, and his sister __________ (play) the pian.
7.Sme pisnus mushrms, if __________ (cnsume) mistakenly, can be deadly.
8. At the age f twenty he left his hmetwn, __________ (determine) nt t return withut achieving his gal.
9. She wndered why he didn't d it as __________ (require).
10. It is a difficult skill t master, but nce __________ (btain), it will benefit yu fr the rest f yur life.
11. In the film, the actr threw himself ff the hrse as if __________ (sht) t death.
12. Water in many places is nt safe t drink unless ___________ (bil) .
13. When __________ (expse) t danger and cnflict, men tend t increase bld pressure, feeling nervus r anxius.
14. When __________ (ask) later what the call was abut, yur friend always answers, "Oh, nthing really.”
15. If __________ (cnvenience) I will visit yu this weekend.
【知识梳理2】Extended Reading核心词汇
1. chief leader/ captain n.首领 majr/leading/ primary adj. 主要的；首要的 chiefly adv. 主要地；首先
原文：…Julie Archer, chief f the Nrgate Envirnmental Prtectin Cmmittee. …诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉 · 阿彻。(教材P11)
◆ n. 首领，最高领导人 adj. 主要的；首席的
(1)the chief cause/prblem/reasn 主要原因/问题/理由
the Chief Educatin Officer 首席教育官
the chief financial fficer f the cmpany 公司的首席财务
in chief 主要地，尤其；在首席地位
(2) army/industry/plice chiefs 部队首长；行业巨擘；警察局长
①Unemplyment was the chief cause f pverty.
失业是贫穷的主要原因。
②Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City.
旅游业现在是道森市的主要产业。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①Financial stress is well established as ____________________ fr divrce.
经济压力被充分证实为导致离婚的一个首要因素。
②He is the cmpany's _____________________.
他是这个公司的首席财务官。
2. get rid f
原文：… it’s als given me a cugh that I can’t get rid f.. 这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。(教材P11)
◆摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
rid … f … 除去，摆脱
be rid f 除去;摆脱;得到解脱
rid neself f 摆脱；从…中解脱
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①She wanted t __________________ her parents and their authrity.
她想摆脱父母及其权威的束缚。
②Try and ___________________ yur visitrs befre I get there.
在我到达之前，想办法把你的客人打发走。
= 3 \* GB3 ③He wanted t ___________________ the burden f the secret.
他想把秘密说出来，让自己得到解脱。
3. prtest prtestant adj. 抗议的；持异议的n. 抗议者；持异议者；
原文：Mr Smith prtested against heavy industry. 史密斯先生反对重工业。(教材P11)
◆vi. 反对，抗议 vt. 坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对
(1) prtest abut/against/at sth 反对；抗议
prtest sth 坚决地表示；申辩
(2) under prtest 无奈地；不服气地；不甘心地
in prtest以示抗议
raised a strm f prtest引起了一场抗议风潮
withut prtest心甘情愿地；不反对地
①Students tk t the streets t prtest against the decisin.
学生们走上街头，抗议这项决定
②She has always prtested her inncence .
她一直坚持说自己是无辜的。
③The building wrk will g ahead, despite prtests frm lcal residents.
尽管当地居民反对，建筑工程将照样进行。
【跟踪典例】
①The directr resigned ________________ at the decisin.
主任辞职以示抗议这项决定。
②She accepted the charge _________________.
她一声未吭地接受了指控。
③The campaign prvided a channel fr ________________ the war.
这场运动是反对战争的一种方式。
4. ecnmic ecnmical adj.经济的；节约的；合算的 ecnmy n. 经济；节约；理财 ecnmist n.经济学者
原文：I’d als like t draw yur attentin t the ecnmic benefits factries have brught t Nrgate. 我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。(教材P12)
◆adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
(1)ecnmic grwth/cperatin/develpment/refrm 经济增长/合作/发展/改革
(2)an ecnmical car节油型汽车
an ecnmical use f space 节约利用空间
(3) a market ecnmy市场经济
ecnmy class经济舱
【跟踪典例】
①Many peple are suffering _____________________.
很多人正遭受着经济困难。
②Last time yu tld me that yu wanted _____________________ packaging.
上次你跟我说要最经济的包装。
5. 表语前置倒装
原文：Jining us in the studi tnight are James Smith, a lcal resident; Vincent Brwn,…今晚来到我们直播间的有本地居民詹姆斯 · 史密斯、文森特 · 布朗…(教材P11)
【句式分析】
这是一个完全倒装句。主语是 James Smith, a lcal resident; Vincent Brw… , are 是系动词, Jining us 是表语。为了保持句子结构平衡或强调表语，将表语置于句首，引起倒装。表语前置有以下几种形式：
①形容词做表语前置
Present at the meeting were Prfessr Smith and his students.
②分词作表语前置
Gne are the days when we had t be in the mercy f weather.
③介词短语做表语前置
On the secnd flr is a big cinema.
【跟踪典例】
1. ______________ tday is Tm
Tm今天没开上学
2. ______________ was a wallet.
地上躺了一个钱包。
3. Attached t the envelp was _______________ .
信封上贴着一张漂亮的邮票。
【巩固练习】
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 单词拼写
1. Lcal r__________ grups have united in ppsitin t the plan.
2. The mvie was sht e__________ n lcatin in Italy.
3. The annuncement unleashed a strm f p__________ frm the public
4. Mst cmpanies these days are just ut t make a quick p__________.
5. The nly questin is hw fast the p__________ will be
6. Each schl sets its wn admissins p__________.
7. Our New Yrk __________ (分部) is dealing with the matter.
8. Skimming is a kind f reading __________ (策略).
9. Envirnment experts urge peple t reuse and __________ (回收利用) plastic bags.
10. They envisin an equal sciety, free f __________ (贫困) and disease.
11. One __________ (后果) f glbal warming is extinctin.
12. Fr __________ (更多的) details call this number.
Ⅱ. 单句语法
1. Mst peple have sme regret that they just can't seem t get rid ____________.
2. What pints can be raised in defence ____________ this argument?
3. The cuntry has made enrmus strides ____________ (plitical) but nt ecnmically.
4. The cllege is nt an ____________ (fficial) recgnized English language schl.
5. A lt f ____________ (pisn) waste water cmes frm that chemical factry.
6. ____________ a cnsequence, we have truly entered the Pst-Industrial ecnmy.
7. These are the cells thught t give rise ____________ tumrs.
8. Present at the meeting ____________ (be) sme scientists frm China.
【课堂检测】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Day after day, a small blue truck speeds alng the streets f Funen. A dg sits beside the driver, lking at him as if 1 (listen) t his rder. Whenever the truck ges by, the peple f Funen turn and stare, sme in wnder, thers in admiratin. On its sides 2 (print) the wrds TRACKER DOG and a telephne number.
Yes, the passenger in the blue truck is a dg that 3 (be) used t find lst things r fllw the tracks f persns and animals. Within seven years, the dg and his 4 (wn) Andersn have fund lst things wrth nearly $400, 000, amng 5 are watches, jewelry, mney, cws, pigs, and ther dgs. Of curse, the secret f the dg is his sensitive nse.
Each year the dg and Andersn answer abut 700 calls 6 help. Fur ut f five times they find what they are asked t lk fr. Whenever the phne rings at Andersn’s huse, the dg is 7 (immediate) excited. He quickly runs t the truck, eager t be ff in search f the 8 (lse).
On the way, Andersn repeats again and again the names f 9 they are lking fr. S by the time they arrive, the dg is ready 10 (get) t wrk. He circles here and there until he picks up the smell f an bject in a place where it desn’t belng.
【要点回顾】
【温故知新】
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 阅读理解
A
Nw, cities large and small ften have remains f earlier histric streets and sidewalk pavements（人行道）.Yet they ften g unprtected even when they may be lder than neighburing histric buildings that have enjyed prtectin fr tens f years.
There are many reasns t prtect histric pavements - culture value, ecnmics, envirnmental benefits and public safety. Pavements represented an imprtant step in the mdernizatin f city envirnments in the 19th century.
Befre the laying f pavement, streets f dirt caused many prblems t citizens, especially in wet weather when they became muddy（泥泞的）, which limited the mvement f peple and vehicles.
T slve the prblem, cities experimented with a wide range f materials in an attempt t balance durability（耐用性）, ecnmics, surces f materials and nise cnsideratins.
The earliest pavement in many cities were cbblestnes-naturally runded stnes. They were cheap and durable,but rugh and nisy. Lse stne pavements were cheap and smth, but nt very durable. Wd als appeared in the 1850s as a ppular ptin-smth, quiet and affrdable,but nt very durable.
In many cities and twns, brick（砖）streets are the nly histric pavements that have survived. This fact cvers up the truth f pavement experimentatin between the 1850s and 1920s, when a city culd use up t a dzen different paving materials at the same time! Indeed, each city develped a unique "pavement identity" in the materials chsen and the way they were laid.
It is easy t think f the past when seeing histric pavements, as recalling "ld wrld" city qualities. Hwever, they are mre similar t the early high buildings and parks-imprtant city features that shwed the mdernizatin f the city. At a time when cities are becming increasingly similar, such pavements als help define an imprtant sense f place.
1. What is the present situatin f histric pavements?
A. Failing t represent mdem envirnments.
B. Failing t receive prtectin they shuld get.
C. Being brught back t its frmer glry.
D. Being highly valued as cultural buildings.
2. Why was the first pavement built in histry?
A. T help develp the lcal ecnmy.
B. T prevent earth frm being washed away.
C. T limit the mvement f peple and vehicles.
D. T bring cnvenience t citizens' life.
3. What is mainly talked abut in Paragraphs 4-6?
A. Ppularity f different paving materials.
B. Different experiments n city identity.
C. Advantages and disadvantages f stne pavements.
D. Develpment f pavements f different materials.
4. What des the writer want t express abut histric pavements in the last paragraph?
A. They are similar t tall buildings.
B. They make cities appear similar.
C. They are unique f a particular place.
D. They represent the mdernizatin f tday's city.
B
There are many ways t deal with the plastic pllutin. Tm Szaky's way may be ne f the bravest. He has gne back t an ld way-using reusable cntainers. The idea was used in the last century. It was intrduced t the wrld by Cca-Cla in the early 1920s, when Cke was sld in expensive glass bttles that needed returning. They asked fr tw cents, abut 40 percent f the full cst f the sft drink, and gt abut 98 percent f their bttles back, t be reused 40 r 50 times. Bttle depsit prgrams remain ne f the mst effective methds.
Ten mnths ag, Szaky started Lp, an nline delivery service that uses strng reusable cntainers. The biggest part f his risk is that Lp pushes far beynd the cmmn reusable bttles. Frm fd packaging t washing pwder packaging,the cntainers are in different sizes and made frm different materials. One f his prducts is Haagen-Dazs ice cream that is packed inside a special bx t keep the ice cream frm melting.
17 years ag, Szaky funded TerraCycle, a small waste management cmpany. He thught up a way t deal with plastics, cigarette wastes, and a lng list f ther wastes. Gradually, he became mre interested in thinking f hw t recycle different kinds f waste in the best way.
Lp is part f the reappearance f the reusable packaging as a best chice t plastic waste. The fd and drink cmpanies are mre likely t use reusable bttles. A cmpany said they have started the United States' first state-wide reusable beer system. Mre bviusly, Szaky's idea f reusable packaging fr prducts has attracted mre and mre cmpanies t pay attentin t the reusable packaging.
5. What d we knw abut Tm Szaky frm paragraph 1?
A. He invented Cke bttles.
B. He recmmended using reusable cntainers.
C. He invented a new kind f cntainer.
D. He asked peple fr depsit.
6. Why des Szaky keep the ice cream in a special bx?
A. T help keep its temperature.B. T make it easy t eat.
C. T make it sweeter.D. T help it melt quickly.
7. What can we infer abut the reusable packaging in the future?
A. It will slve plastic waste cmpletely.
B. It will bring abut a lt f new waste.
C. It will attract mre and mre attentin.
D. It will make Lp lse a lt f custmers.
8. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Different New Ways t Deal with Plastic Pllutin
B. The Stry f a Creative Inventr
C. The Wrld's Attitude t Plastic Pllutin
D. An Old Idea f Fighting against Plastic Pllutin
预习思考
预习第二单元Reading部分的核心词汇和句型。
授课时间：
学习目标
1. 掌握第一单元核心语法专题省略；
2. 掌握第一单元Extended Reading部分核心词汇，并学会灵活应用。
教学内容
【进门测试】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The phrase "One Persn Can Make a Difference" is ne f thse sayings that great imprtance___36___（attach）t when we teach yungsters—t encurage them t d smething___37___（significance）, t help anther persn, r t dream big abut___38___they will change the wrld.
As adults, d we really believe this? I am writing t tell yu that indeed "ne persn can",___39___I knw ne persn did an act f kindness___40___changed my life and the lives f millins mre.
Almst 15 years ag while driving acrss twn, I was listening t a radi interview and heard an inspiring stry f ___41___（generus）. A wman had carried in ten winter cats thrugh the Thanksgiving weekend crwds n mass transprtatin___42___（dnate）them at the One Warm Cat drive. She knew the city had many peple in need.
She was nly ne persn, yet it was her actin that made me realize that mre peple___43___be able t dnate if there were mre drp-ff lcatins. Nw, nearly 15 years later, One Warm Cat___44___（inspire）the dnatin f ver 4 millin cats acrss the cuntry. As the Natinal Funder, I feel warm, knwing that we each are capable____45____making a real difference in the lives f thusands each Fall and Winter.
S when yu wnder "will it really matter?", I can tell yu that it will!
【多元导学】
Brevity is the sul f wit.
简洁是智慧的灵魂。
—William Shakespeare(Hamlet)
观察以下句子，说一说括号里的部分是否可以省略？为什么？
1.-- Hw is yur mther tday?
-- (She is ) Much better.
2.(Is there) Anything wrng?
3.—What d yu think made Mary s upset?
Lsing her bicycle (made Mary s upset)
4. (Yu) Open the dr, please.
(Yu’d) Better take an umbrella.
5.She asked me t dance with her, but I didn’t want t (dance with her).
6. I really didn’t want t g there with him, but I had t (g there with him).
7. —Aren’t yu the manager？
—N,and I dn’t want be ( the manager ).
【互动精讲】
【知识梳理1】语法之省略句
省略句
省略句的定义：为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。
在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：
一. 状语从句中的省略
1. 在when, while, if, as if, thugh, althugh, as, until, nce, whether, unless等连接的状语从句中，若从句中的主语与主句主语一致且谓语中含有be动词，常省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。当从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
= 1 \* GB3 ①She fell asleep while (he was) ding his hmewrk.
他在做作业时睡着了。
= 2 \* GB3 ②Often she wuld weep when (she was) alne.
她一个人时，常常哭泣。
= 3 \* GB3 ③If (it is) pssible, I'll g uting.
如果可能的话，我将去郊游。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
= 1 \* GB3 ①While ___________(cycle), dn't frget the traffic lights.
骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He pened his muth as if ___________(say) smething.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
= 3 \* GB3 ③If ___________(leave) untreated, the cnditin may becme chrnic.
如果得不到治疗，此病可能会转成慢性。
注意：有些由if构成的省略结构，已属固定短语，如if any, if necessary, if pssible, if nt, if s：
= 1 \* GB3 ①There are few, if any, mistakes in that bk.
那本书就是有错误也不多。
= 2 \* GB3 ②If necessary, ring me at hme.
如果必要，可以打电话到我家找我。
= 3 \* GB3 ③If pssible, I wish t g there next summer.
如果可能，我希望明年夏天去。
= 4 \* GB3 ④He may be busy. If s, I’ll call later. If nt, can I see him nw?
他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?
2. 在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
= 1 \* GB3 ①I knw yu better than (I knw) him.
我了解你胜过了解他。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He runs as fast as Bb (runs)．
他跑得和鲍勃一样快。
二．定语从句和宾语从句中的省略
1．定语从句中的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whm, which, that可省略(但whm, which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
The man (wh/whm/that) yu want t meet has cme.
你要见的人来了。
(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。
D yu knw the way (that/in which) wrk is measured?
你知道衡量工作的方式吗？
2．宾语从句中的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
= 1 \* GB3 ①I believe (that) beauty cmes frm within.
我相信美丽来自内心。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He said (that) the text was very imprtant and that we shuld learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。
(2)when, where, hw和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
She wants t learn English well, yet she desn't knw hw (she can learn it well)．
她想学好英语，但她不知道怎样才能学好。
【跟踪典例】把句中可以省略的部分用横线标出来
①Amng the many dangers which sailrs have t face, prbably the greatest f all is fg.
②Please send us all the infrmatin that yu have abut the candidate fr the psitin.
③Jerry did nt regret giving the cmment but felt that he culd have expressed it differently.
④She didn't g t schl yesterday. I dn't knw why she didn't g t schl yesterday.
三. 动词不定式的省略
1．当不定式在形容词afraid, anxius, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，t后的内容常省略。
Yu can't frce him t answer the questin if he's nt ready t (answer the questin)．
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
2．某些使役动词如：make, let, have等和感官动词如：see, watch, ntice, bserve, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略t，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则t不省略。
We ften hear her sing an English sng in the classrm.
→She is ften heard t sing an English sng in the classrm.(被动语态)
我们经常听见她在教室里唱英语歌。
3．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号t。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不省略t。
= 1 \* GB3 ①He likes t swim mre than (t) skate.
比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He believes it imprtant t study rather than t play cmputer games.(比较)
他认为最重要的是学习而不是玩电脑游戏。
4．当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree, affrd, expect, frget, hpe, knw, manage, pretend, remember, refuse, want, wish, wuld like等。
I asked him t see the film, but he didn't want t (see the film)．
我请他看电影，但是他不想去。
5．介词but, except(除了)前有实义动词d的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带t。
All he culd d was nthing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等等看。
6．当不定式在be ging t, be able t, have t, ught t, used t后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。
They dn't g shpping as much as they used t (g shpping)．
他们不像过去那样经常去购物了。
注意：(1)省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，t后要保留原形的have或be。
(2)类似这样用法的还有动词短语be ging t, be abut t, be suppsed t, have t, used t及形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等。
= 1 \* GB3 ①He didn't cme, but he ught t have (cme)．
他没来，但他应该来。
= 2 \* GB3 ②—Are yu a farmer?
—N, but I used t be (a farmer)．
——你是个农民吗？
——不是，但我过去是。
【跟踪典例】单句改错
①There were s many cars held up by the heavy rain n the rad that we had n alternative but wait.
②We can d nthing but t give up.
③He was nticed leave the ffice.
④The city nw is much nisier than it used t.
⑤My mther wuldn't let me t g t see the film.
【巩固练习】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Once __________ (addict) t nline games, teenagers are harmed bth physically and mentally.
2. __________ (cncern) abut the student, the teacher called his parents t find ut why he was s ften ab-sent frm class.
3. A vaccine can't be put nt the market unless __________ (test) n a large scale.
4. Film has a much shrter histry, especially when __________ (cmpare) t such art frms as music and painting.
5. When __________ (publish), the nvel will becme ne f the best sellers f the year.
6. Xiaming must have been playing ftball at that time, and his sister __________ (play) the pian.
7.Sme pisnus mushrms, if __________ (cnsume) mistakenly, can be deadly.
8. At the age f twenty he left his hmetwn, __________ (determine) nt t return withut achieving his gal.
9. She wndered why he didn't d it as __________ (require).
10. It is a difficult skill t master, but nce __________ (btain), it will benefit yu fr the rest f yur life.
11. In the film, the actr threw himself ff the hrse as if __________ (sht) t death.
12. Water in many places is nt safe t drink unless ___________ (bil) .
13. When __________ (expse) t danger and cnflict, men tend t increase bld pressure, feeling nervus r anxius.
14. When __________ (ask) later what the call was abut, yur friend always answers, "Oh, nthing really.”
15. If __________ (cnvenience) I will visit yu this weekend.
【知识梳理2】Extended Reading核心词汇
1. chief leader/ captain n.首领 majr/leading/ primary adj. 主要的；首要的 chiefly adv. 主要地；首先
原文：…Julie Archer, chief f the Nrgate Envirnmental Prtectin Cmmittee. …诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉 · 阿彻。(教材P11)
◆ n. 首领，最高领导人 adj. 主要的；首席的
(1)the chief cause/prblem/reasn 主要原因/问题/理由
the Chief Educatin Officer 首席教育官
the chief financial fficer f the cmpany 公司的首席财务
in chief 主要地，尤其；在首席地位
(2) army/industry/plice chiefs 部队首长；行业巨擘；警察局长
①Unemplyment was the chief cause f pverty.
失业是贫穷的主要原因。
②Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City.
旅游业现在是道森市的主要产业。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①Financial stress is well established as ____________________ fr divrce.
经济压力被充分证实为导致离婚的一个首要因素。
②He is the cmpany's _____________________.
他是这个公司的首席财务官。
2. get rid f
原文：… it’s als given me a cugh that I can’t get rid f.. 这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。(教材P11)
◆摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
rid … f … 除去，摆脱
be rid f 除去;摆脱;得到解脱
rid neself f 摆脱；从…中解脱
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①She wanted t __________________ her parents and their authrity.
她想摆脱父母及其权威的束缚。
②Try and ___________________ yur visitrs befre I get there.
在我到达之前，想办法把你的客人打发走。
= 3 \* GB3 ③He wanted t ___________________ the burden f the secret.
他想把秘密说出来，让自己得到解脱。
3. prtest prtestant adj. 抗议的；持异议的n. 抗议者；持异议者；
原文：Mr Smith prtested against heavy industry. 史密斯先生反对重工业。(教材P11)
◆vi. 反对，抗议 vt. 坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对
(1) prtest abut/against/at sth 反对；抗议
prtest sth 坚决地表示；申辩
(2) under prtest 无奈地；不服气地；不甘心地
in prtest以示抗议
raised a strm f prtest引起了一场抗议风潮
withut prtest心甘情愿地；不反对地
①Students tk t the streets t prtest against the decisin.
学生们走上街头，抗议这项决定
②She has always prtested her inncence .
她一直坚持说自己是无辜的。
③The building wrk will g ahead, despite prtests frm lcal residents.
尽管当地居民反对，建筑工程将照样进行。
【跟踪典例】
①The directr resigned ________________ at the decisin.
主任辞职以示抗议这项决定。
②She accepted the charge _________________.
她一声未吭地接受了指控。
③The campaign prvided a channel fr ________________ the war.
这场运动是反对战争的一种方式。
4. ecnmic ecnmical adj.经济的；节约的；合算的 ecnmy n. 经济；节约；理财 ecnmist n.经济学者
原文：I’d als like t draw yur attentin t the ecnmic benefits factries have brught t Nrgate. 我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。(教材P12)
◆adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
(1)ecnmic grwth/cperatin/develpment/refrm 经济增长/合作/发展/改革
(2)an ecnmical car节油型汽车
an ecnmical use f space 节约利用空间
(3) a market ecnmy市场经济
ecnmy class经济舱
【跟踪典例】
①Many peple are suffering _____________________.
很多人正遭受着经济困难。
②Last time yu tld me that yu wanted _____________________ packaging.
上次你跟我说要最经济的包装。
5. 表语前置倒装
原文：Jining us in the studi tnight are James Smith, a lcal resident; Vincent Brwn,…今晚来到我们直播间的有本地居民詹姆斯 · 史密斯、文森特 · 布朗…(教材P11)
【句式分析】
这是一个完全倒装句。主语是 James Smith, a lcal resident; Vincent Brw… , are 是系动词, Jining us 是表语。为了保持句子结构平衡或强调表语，将表语置于句首，引起倒装。表语前置有以下几种形式：
①形容词做表语前置
Present at the meeting were Prfessr Smith and his students.
②分词作表语前置
Gne are the days when we had t be in the mercy f weather.
③介词短语做表语前置
On the secnd flr is a big cinema.
【跟踪典例】
1. ______________ tday is Tm
Tm今天没开上学
2. ______________ was a wallet.
地上躺了一个钱包。
3. Attached t the envelp was _______________ .
信封上贴着一张漂亮的邮票。
【巩固练习】
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 单词拼写
1. Lcal r__________ grups have united in ppsitin t the plan.
2. The mvie was sht e__________ n lcatin in Italy.
3. The annuncement unleashed a strm f p__________ frm the public
4. Mst cmpanies these days are just ut t make a quick p__________.
5. The nly questin is hw fast the p__________ will be
6. Each schl sets its wn admissins p__________.
7. Our New Yrk __________ (分部) is dealing with the matter.
8. Skimming is a kind f reading __________ (策略).
9. Envirnment experts urge peple t reuse and __________ (回收利用) plastic bags.
10. They envisin an equal sciety, free f __________ (贫困) and disease.
11. One __________ (后果) f glbal warming is extinctin.
12. Fr __________ (更多的) details call this number.
Ⅱ. 单句语法
1. Mst peple have sme regret that they just can't seem t get rid ____________.
2. What pints can be raised in defence ____________ this argument?
3. The cuntry has made enrmus strides ____________ (plitical) but nt ecnmically.
4. The cllege is nt an ____________ (fficial) recgnized English language schl.
5. A lt f ____________ (pisn) waste water cmes frm that chemical factry.
6. ____________ a cnsequence, we have truly entered the Pst-Industrial ecnmy.
7. These are the cells thught t give rise ____________ tumrs.
8. Present at the meeting ____________ (be) sme scientists frm China.
【课堂检测】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Day after day, a small blue truck speeds alng the streets f Funen. A dg sits beside the driver, lking at him as if 1 (listen) t his rder. Whenever the truck ges by, the peple f Funen turn and stare, sme in wnder, thers in admiratin. On its sides 2 (print) the wrds TRACKER DOG and a telephne number.
Yes, the passenger in the blue truck is a dg that 3 (be) used t find lst things r fllw the tracks f persns and animals. Within seven years, the dg and his 4 (wn) Andersn have fund lst things wrth nearly $400, 000, amng 5 are watches, jewelry, mney, cws, pigs, and ther dgs. Of curse, the secret f the dg is his sensitive nse.
Each year the dg and Andersn answer abut 700 calls 6 help. Fur ut f five times they find what they are asked t lk fr. Whenever the phne rings at Andersn’s huse, the dg is 7 (immediate) excited. He quickly runs t the truck, eager t be ff in search f the 8 (lse).
On the way, Andersn repeats again and again the names f 9 they are lking fr. S by the time they arrive, the dg is ready 10 (get) t wrk. He circles here and there until he picks up the smell f an bject in a place where it desn’t belng.
【要点回顾】
【温故知新】
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 阅读理解
A
Nw, cities large and small ften have remains f earlier histric streets and sidewalk pavements（人行道）.Yet they ften g unprtected even when they may be lder than neighburing histric buildings that have enjyed prtectin fr tens f years.
There are many reasns t prtect histric pavements - culture value, ecnmics, envirnmental benefits and public safety. Pavements represented an imprtant step in the mdernizatin f city envirnments in the 19th century.
Befre the laying f pavement, streets f dirt caused many prblems t citizens, especially in wet weather when they became muddy（泥泞的）, which limited the mvement f peple and vehicles.
T slve the prblem, cities experimented with a wide range f materials in an attempt t balance durability（耐用性）, ecnmics, surces f materials and nise cnsideratins.
The earliest pavement in many cities were cbblestnes-naturally runded stnes. They were cheap and durable,but rugh and nisy. Lse stne pavements were cheap and smth, but nt very durable. Wd als appeared in the 1850s as a ppular ptin-smth, quiet and affrdable,but nt very durable.
In many cities and twns, brick（砖）streets are the nly histric pavements that have survived. This fact cvers up the truth f pavement experimentatin between the 1850s and 1920s, when a city culd use up t a dzen different paving materials at the same time! Indeed, each city develped a unique "pavement identity" in the materials chsen and the way they were laid.
It is easy t think f the past when seeing histric pavements, as recalling "ld wrld" city qualities. Hwever, they are mre similar t the early high buildings and parks-imprtant city features that shwed the mdernizatin f the city. At a time when cities are becming increasingly similar, such pavements als help define an imprtant sense f place.
1. What is the present situatin f histric pavements?
A. Failing t represent mdem envirnments.
B. Failing t receive prtectin they shuld get.
C. Being brught back t its frmer glry.
D. Being highly valued as cultural buildings.
2. Why was the first pavement built in histry?
A. T help develp the lcal ecnmy.
B. T prevent earth frm being washed away.
C. T limit the mvement f peple and vehicles.
D. T bring cnvenience t citizens' life.
3. What is mainly talked abut in Paragraphs 4-6?
A. Ppularity f different paving materials.
B. Different experiments n city identity.
C. Advantages and disadvantages f stne pavements.
D. Develpment f pavements f different materials.
4. What des the writer want t express abut histric pavements in the last paragraph?
A. They are similar t tall buildings.
B. They make cities appear similar.
C. They are unique f a particular place.
D. They represent the mdernizatin f tday's city.
B
There are many ways t deal with the plastic pllutin. Tm Szaky's way may be ne f the bravest. He has gne back t an ld way-using reusable cntainers. The idea was used in the last century. It was intrduced t the wrld by Cca-Cla in the early 1920s, when Cke was sld in expensive glass bttles that needed returning. They asked fr tw cents, abut 40 percent f the full cst f the sft drink, and gt abut 98 percent f their bttles back, t be reused 40 r 50 times. Bttle depsit prgrams remain ne f the mst effective methds.
Ten mnths ag, Szaky started Lp, an nline delivery service that uses strng reusable cntainers. The biggest part f his risk is that Lp pushes far beynd the cmmn reusable bttles. Frm fd packaging t washing pwder packaging,the cntainers are in different sizes and made frm different materials. One f his prducts is Haagen-Dazs ice cream that is packed inside a special bx t keep the ice cream frm melting.
17 years ag, Szaky funded TerraCycle, a small waste management cmpany. He thught up a way t deal with plastics, cigarette wastes, and a lng list f ther wastes. Gradually, he became mre interested in thinking f hw t recycle different kinds f waste in the best way.
Lp is part f the reappearance f the reusable packaging as a best chice t plastic waste. The fd and drink cmpanies are mre likely t use reusable bttles. A cmpany said they have started the United States' first state-wide reusable beer system. Mre bviusly, Szaky's idea f reusable packaging fr prducts has attracted mre and mre cmpanies t pay attentin t the reusable packaging.
5. What d we knw abut Tm Szaky frm paragraph 1?
A. He invented Cke bttles.
B. He recmmended using reusable cntainers.
C. He invented a new kind f cntainer.
D. He asked peple fr depsit.
6. Why des Szaky keep the ice cream in a special bx?
A. T help keep its temperature.B. T make it easy t eat.
C. T make it sweeter.D. T help it melt quickly.
7. What can we infer abut the reusable packaging in the future?
A. It will slve plastic waste cmpletely.
B. It will bring abut a lt f new waste.
C. It will attract mre and mre attentin.
D. It will make Lp lse a lt f custmers.
8. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Different New Ways t Deal with Plastic Pllutin
B. The Stry f a Creative Inventr
C. The Wrld's Attitude t Plastic Pllutin
D. An Old Idea f Fighting against Plastic Pllutin
预习思考
预习第二单元Reading部分的核心词汇和句型。
相关教案
U4下 教案 核心知识点梳理 (学生版) 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年）： 这是一份U4下 教案 核心知识点梳理 (学生版) 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年），共13页。教案主要包含了unit等内容，欢迎下载使用。
U1下 教案 核心知识点梳理（教师版） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年）： 这是一份U1下 教案 核心知识点梳理（教师版） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年），共13页。教案主要包含了进门测试，多元导学，互动精讲，知识梳理1，跟踪典例，巩固练习，知识梳理2，句式分析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
U4上 教案 核心知识点梳理 (学生版） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年）： 这是一份U4上 教案 核心知识点梳理 (学生版） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年），共18页。教案主要包含了unit等内容，欢迎下载使用。
