Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 教案(上） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年）

这是一份Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 教案(上） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年），共13页。





2019年1月初，英国广播公司（BBC）新闻网新版块偶像（ICON）栏目发起20世纪最伟大人物评选。在1月14日公布的科学家篇名单中，中国首位诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主屠呦呦与物理学家居里夫人（Maria Curie）、物理学家爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein）以及数学家艾伦·图灵（Alan Turing）共同进入候选人名单。该活动为每一位候选人开辟了专门的介绍页面，在屠呦呦的页面上，BBC列出了她入选的理由：
☞ She looked back as well as forward 砥砺前行亦不忘回望过去
As part of the programme charged with finding a treatment for malaria, Tu was inspired by an ancient Chinese text which said sweet wormwood was used to tackle intermittent fevers (a hallmark of malaria) around 400 AD.
屠呦呦参与的项目旨在寻找治疗疟疾的方法。她受到一篇中国古文的启发，文中写道，公元400年左右时青蒿被用来治疗间歇性发热（疟疾的一种症状）。
☞ She saw her work cross a divided world 她的成就跨越东西
With half the world’s population at risk from malaria, Tu and artemisinin’s vast impact cannot be underestimated. As her Nobel Prize summary states her work has “led to the survival and improved health of millions of people.”
由于全世界一半的人口面临疟疾的威胁，屠呦呦和青蒿素产生的巨大影响不可低估。正如她的诺贝尔奖总结所言，她的工作“为数百万人的生存和健康状况的改善做出了贡献”。

malaria [mə'lɛrɪə] n. 疟疾；瘴气
intermittent [,ɪntɚ'mɪtənt] adj. 间歇的
artemisinin [,ɑːtɪ'miːsɪnɪn] n. 青蒿素（抗疟药）


l 语言知识初探
I. 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．survive v. 生存；幸存→survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→survivor n. 幸存者
2．intend vi. & vt. 想要，计划；意指→intention n．打算，计划
3．refer v．查阅，参考；提到，谈及→reference n．提到，谈及；参考，查阅；参考书目
4．limit n．限度；极限；范围→limited adj. 有限的
5．contain v．容纳→container n．容器；集装箱，货柜
6．wise adj. 明智的→wisely adv. 明智地→wisdom n．智慧，才智，明智；知识，学问
7．benefit n．优势；益处→beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的
II. 根据提示补全下列短语
1. through/by trial and error 通过反复试验，不断摸索
2. a desire for ... 对……的渴望
3. hybrid rice 杂交水稻
4. thanks to ... 幸亏……，由于，因为
5. acquire a broad knowledge of ... 习得大量有关……的知识
6. refer to ... 查阅，参考；提到，谈及；描述，与……相关，涉及
7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事
8. at a low temperature 在低温下
9. succeed in (doing) sth. 成功做某事
10. day and night 夜以继日
11. large amounts of ... 大量的……
12. speed up （使）加速
13. pay off 成功，奏效；付清，偿还
14. treasure house 宝库
15. draw on ... 利用，凭借
16. health care 医疗保健
17. the strengths of ... ……的长处
18. make good use of ... 充分利用…… =make the best/most of ...
19. survival rate of ... ……的存活率
20. conduct research 做实验

l 重点知识点解析
知识要点1　survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
(教材P44) Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. 由于她发现了青蒿素，世界各地的疟疾患者现在有了极大的生存机会。
如：the struggle/battle/fight for survival 为生存而斗争/战斗/拼搏
the survival of the fittest适者生存
His only chance of survival was a heart transplant. 只有进行心脏移植，他才有望活下去。
The ceremony is a survival/relic from pre-Christian times. 这种仪式是从公元前遗留下来的。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
（1）survive vt. & vi. 生还；残存；比……活的时间长
常见搭配 survive on ... 仅靠……维持生计
survive sb. by ... 比某人多活……
（2）survivor n. 生存者；残存者；幸存者
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
①She survived her husband by twenty years.
②Life became a struggle for survival(survive).
③Luckily, most of the passengers survived(survive)the terrible accident.
④Millions of people survive on a very limited diet.

　intend vi. & vt. 想要，计划；意指
(教材P44) In the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. 20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。
【用法详解】intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
如：What do you intend doing when you get to this place? 你打算到这里干什么？
The writer clearly intends his readers to identify with the main character. 作者显然想使读者能与主人公产生共鸣。
He intended her no harm (=it was not his plan to harm her). 他无意伤害她。
注意 intend用于过去完成时后接不定式to do时（即had intended to do sth.）表示“本打算做某事（实际却未做）”。有类似用法的词还有want, hope, plan等。如：
Originally, we had intended to go to Italy, but then we won the trip to Greece.
我们本来打算去意大利，但后来获得机会去了希腊。
The words were more tart than she had intended. 话听起来太刻薄，她本没想这么刻薄的。
His wife had wanted to whitewash his reputation after he died. 他妻子在他死后本来想粉饰他的名声。
We had hoped to fill the back page with extra news; we're not quite there yet
我们本来希望补充一些新闻把最后一版填满，可是现在差得还很远。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
（1）intended adj. 打算的；计划的
常见搭配 be intended for ... =be meant for ... 为……打算（或设计）的
be intended to do ... 打算做……，旨在做……
（2）intention n. 意图，目的；企图
常见搭配 with the intention of ... 有……的打算/目的
have no intention of doing sth. =have no intention to do sth. 无意做某事
如：I have no intention of going to/to go to the wedding. 我无意去参加婚礼。
I have every intention of paying her back what I owe her. 我一心想把我欠她的还给她。
She's full of good intentions but they rarely work out. 她虽然处处出于善意，却往往事与愿违。
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
①He went to Paris with the intention(intend) of learning French.
②He intends his son to manage(manage)the company.
③This is a new book intended(intend) for little children.

　refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及；描述，与……相关，涉及
(教材P45) When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 当它们未能产生预期效果时，屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。
如：to refer to a dictionary查词典 =look sth. up in a dictionary
In his speech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada. 在他的讲话中，他提到了最近的加拿大之行。
Marcia had referred to him as a dear friend. 玛西娅把他称为好朋友。
The term electronics refers to (=concerns) electrically-induced action. 电子学这个术语涉及电感作用。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
reference n. 参考，查阅；提到，谈及；介绍信，介绍人
常见搭配 make (a) reference to ... 谈及，提及；参考
in/with reference to ... =in/with regard to ... =concerning ... 关于……
reference book 参考书；工具书
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
①He made no reference(refer) to his illness but only to his future plans.
②He is referred(refer) to as a living Lei Feng.
③The question referred to at the meeting is hard to answer.
④I have nothing to say in/with reference to that case.

　limited adj. 有限的
(教材P45) However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited．然而，由于研究资源有限，难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。
如：The amount of money we have is limited. 我们拥有的那笔钱是有限的。
Film is a business with limited opportunities for actresses. 电影业对女演员来说机会有限。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
（1）limit vt. 限制，限定 n. [C] 限度，限制；界限，范围
常见搭配 limit ... to ... 把……限定在…… →[被动] be limited to ... 局限于……
without limit 无限地，无限制地
within limits 在一定范围内，适度地；有限度地
set a limit on ... 对……做出限制
There is a/no limit to ... ……是有/五限度的
如：There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear. 我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。
She knew the limits of her power. 她知道自己的权限。
I'm willing to help, within limits. 我愿意帮忙，可有一定的限度
（2） limitless adj. 无限制的，无止境的，无穷无尽的 =infinite
如：Life is limited, but learning is limitless. 生命是有限的，而学习是无限的。
（3） unlimited adj.（数量）极大的
如：An unlimited number of copies can still be made from the original. 仍可以由原件复印出无数份副本来。
（4） limitation n. [U] 限制，控制；[C, usu pl.] 局限，限度
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
①We are doing our best with the limited(limit) resources available.
②The teacher limited his students to 500 words for their compositions.
③There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.

　speed up （使）加速
(教材P45) To speed up the process and ensure its safety，Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. 为了加快进程并确保安全，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。
【归纳拓展】speed其他相关短语：
at the/a speed of ... ______________以……的速度
at high/low/full/top speed ______________以高/低/全/最高速
with all speed 以全速
pick up speed ______________加速
如：Plenty of fresh air and exercise will speed up his recovery. 充足的新鲜空气和体育锻炼将加速他的康复。
A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.　
突然停止会是一次可怕的经历，尤其是如果你正以高速运行的时候。
How did the accident come about since he drove at the/a speed of sixty miles per hour?　
既然他以每小时60英里的速度开车，那么事故是怎样发生的呢？

　pay off
(教材P45) The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。
【用法详解】pay off的用法及含义：
（1）取得成功，凑效（相当于work）。为不及物动词短语，一般用物做主语。如：
Their efforts paid off in the end. 他们的努力最终有了回报。
（2） 付清，还清；付清工资后解雇，遣散。为及物动词短语，用人做主语。如：
It will take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan. 那笔贷款将需要他的余生才能还清。
【归纳拓展】pay构成的其他短语：
pay for ... 为……付钱；为……付出代价
pay back 还钱；报复
如：He burst into tears, begging her to forgive him and swearing to pay back everything he had stolen.
他突然大哭起来，求她原谅，并发誓偿还他偷的所有东西。
Some day I'll pay you back for this! 总有一天我会为此报复你。
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
①At last, the young people's hard work paid(pay) off.
②Can you lend me some money? I'll pay you back on Friday.
③The couple were happy to know that their son's debt had been paid(pay) off.

　beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的
(教材P45) Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。
【用法详解】be beneficial to ... 对……有益，对……有用
如：Water is beneficial to both plants and animals. 水对植物和动物都有益。
To take exercise indoors is less beneficial than in the open air. 在室内锻炼不如在室外锻炼更有益。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
benefit v. 对……有用，使受益 n. 益处
常见搭配 benefit from/by ... 得益于，受益于……
be of benefit to sb./sth. =be beneficial to sb./sth. =benefit sb./sth. =do good to sb./sth. 对……有利
for sb.'s benefit =for the benefit of sb. 为了某人的利益 =for sb.’s sake
如：We should spend the money on something that will benefit everyone.
我们应该把这笔钱花在大家都能得益的事上。
It will be to your benefit to arrive early. 早到将会对你有利。
He couldn't see the benefit of arguing any longer. 他看不出再争论下去有什么好处。
Don't go to any trouble for my benefit! 别为我费工夫！
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
①Your advice is very beneficial(benefit) to me.
②You must study hard for the benefit of your own.
③This is an agreement which is of great benefit to both parties.
④Both sides have benefited from/by the talks.


1. (教材P45) Even with large amounts of the qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. 然而，即使有大量的青蒿提取物被制造出来，他们仍然面临着另一个问题。
【句式剖析】本句为简单句。with ... produced为“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，此结构为with复合结构的一种，其中过去分词（短语）表示被动或动作已完成。此结构常在在句中作状语。如：
All afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。the door与lock是逻辑上的动宾关系
With his hair cut, he looked much younger. 由于理了发，他看起来年轻多了。hair与cut是逻辑上的动宾关系
【考点提炼】with复合结构
with复合结构在句中通常作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因或条件等。该结构常见的其他形式有:
（1）with＋宾语＋形容词/副词。如：
In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open. 在夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。
She left the room with all the lights on. 她离开了房间，所有的灯还亮着。
（2）with＋宾语＋现在分词（表示主动、动作正在进行）。注意不能用现在分词的完成式。如：
She fell asleep with the light burning. 她睡着了，灯还亮着。
（3）with＋宾语＋动词不定式。如：
She knew that with him to help her, she could and would succeed. 她知道，有他帮忙，她能够而且会成功。
（4）with＋宾语＋介词短语（表示宾语所处的状态）。如：
Don’t stand with your hands in your pockets. 站着的时候不要把你的双手插在口袋里。
补充 表示“许多”“大量”的修饰语，在修饰名词时，谓语动词单复数的使用情况如下：
a (large/good/great) number of + 复数可数名词 + 复数谓语
a great/good deal of + 不可数名词 + 单数谓语
more than one + 单数可数名词 + 单数谓语
many a + 单数可数名词 + 单数谓语
a great/good many + 复数可数名词 + 复数谓语
quantities of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 + 复数谓语
a quantity of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 + 单数谓语
amounts of +不可数名词 + 复数谓语
an amount of + 不可数名词 + 单数谓语
a lot of/lots of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词
plenty of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词
注意 the number of + 名词 + 单数谓语 。

√小试身手-完成句子
1. 乔安妮站着，两手放在水槽上，眼睛定定地望着窗外。（with复合结构；水槽 sink）
Joanne stood with her hands on the sink, staring out the window.
2. 夜校课程一应俱全，没理由不去接受一些培训。（with复合结构；available；夜校课程 night school courses）
With all the night school courses available, there is no excuse for not getting some sort of training.
3. 培养良好的学习方法很重要。（it作形式主语）
It is important to develop good study skills.
4. 他凭借曾经做过快艇驾驶员的经验制作了一档纪实节目。（draw on）
He drew on his experience as a yachtsman to make a documentary programme.


Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．Scientific research shows that women tend to survive their husbands by 5-10 years.
2．She went to this city with the intention(intend) of finding a good job.
3．It was foolish of him to refer to his notes during that important test.
4．The report will be published(publish) on the Internet.
5．At worst we'll have to sell the house to pay off our debts.
6．Her menu was so limited(limit) that few customers came to her restaurant.
7．The new rules will be beneficial(benefit) to every student.
8．I think Mary is a woman of great wisdom(wise).
9．Take the machine on trial for a week.
10．An animal's sense of smell is still crucial to it's survival(survive).
11．It was an unpopular decision to postpone building(build) the new hospital.
12．There's no simple solution to this problem.
13．Huge amounts of weapons remain(remain) to be collected.

II. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式完成下列句子
refer to speed up pay off make a difference thanks to succeed in
day and night give up through trial and error
1．Children learn to use computer programs through trial and error.
2．It was all a great success -- thanks to a lot of hard work.
3．Did he give up or keep on trying?
4．Study this example and refer to the explanation below.
5．After a month's hard work，his effort paid off at last.
6．He succeeded in getting a place at art school last year.
7．Whatever you choose to do，it will make a difference．
8．Speed up your pace and try to arrive there on time.
9．Students should not play computer games day and night．

III. 完形填空
When I was 13, my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant 56 Miller King, who was the best 57 at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for 58 .
Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from 59 . He looked very 60 , but he didn’t cry.
That season, I 61 all of Miller’s records while he 62 the games from the bench(长凳). We went 10-1 and I was named most splendid player, 63 I often had crazy dreams in which I felt a bit sorry for Miller because of his 64 .
One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 65 while going over a fence -- which wasn’t 66 to climb if you had both arms. I’m sure I was not the person in the world he wanted to accept 67 from. But even that challenge he accepted. I 68 him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally 69 on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did 70 . Thank you for filling in for 71 .”
His words freed me from my bad 72 . I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was 73 ahead of me. I was right to have 74 him. From that day on，I grew 75 and a little more real.
56. A. going out
B. carrying out
C. turning out
D. beating out
57. A. player
B. professor
C. host
D. headmaster
58. A. comfort
B. show
C. practice
D. pleasure
59. A. school
B. vacation
C. hospital
D. museum
60. A. peaceful
B. weak
C. relaxed
D. satisfied
61. A. broke
B. held
C. set
D. tried
62. A. reported
B. watched
C. judged
C. organized
63. A. and
B. then
C. thus
D. but
64. A. accident
B. decision
C. mistake
D. membership
65. A. jumped
B. tired
C. stuck
D. lost
66. A. easy
B. hard
C. fun
D. fit
67. A. advice
B. assistance
C. encouragement
D. praise
68. A. let
B. had
C. helped
D. noticed
69. A. painful
B. ready
C. safe
D. upset
70. A. fine
B. wrong
C. quickly
D. normally
71. A. me
B. us
C. yourself
D. them
72. A. memories
B. ideas
C. attitudes
D. dreams
73. A. also
B. yet
C. still
D. just
74. A. admired
B. challenged
C. treated
D. invited
75. A. slimmer
B. cleverer
C. cooler
D. bigger
【答案】56-60 DACCB 61-65 ABDAC 66-70 BBCCA 71-75 ADCAD
IV. 七选五阅读
For some people, walking or running outdoors is a great way to exercise. What may not be so great is seeing rubbish all over the ground. Well, some people are doing something about it. 36. ______ “Plogging” began in Sweden. The name connects the Swedish word “plocka,” which means to pick up, and the word “jogging,” which means to run slowly.
A Swedish man named Erik Ahlström, started the movement in 2016. He moved to Stockholm from a small community(社区) in northern Sweden. Each day he would ride his bike to work. He became worried about the amount of rubbish and litter he saw each day on his way to work. So, he took matters into his own hands. He began picking up the rubbish. 37. ______
Today, plogging is an official activity, which is becoming more and more popular. People of all ages are welcome to plog. Exercise while helping your community. 38. ______ It can also build closer social connections in a community. When the street looks bad and it’s dirty, you're going to feel bad about the community. You may even feel less safe because of that. So if we’re all doing our part and picking it up, it’s very easy to help beautify it, and help build those social connection. 39. ______ You get to feel some social duty when you do this.
Along with cleaning up the environment, there may be another reason to choose plogging instead of just jogging. You may get a better workout. One fitness app, Lifesum, records one hour of plogging as burning 288 calories. 40. ______
As can be seen, cities around the world now hold plogging events. The goal is to spread the idea that littering is not acceptable. People would think twice before dropping a garbage on the ground.
A. Plogging is equal parts of exercise and community service.
B. And that is how plogging was born!
C. And plogging does good to your health.
D. Usual jogging burns about 235 calories.
E. They are plogging!
F. There are people all around the world doing this.
G. You get to know your neighbors.
【答案】EBAGD
V. 短文填空
Wolf Warriors II is putting China in the global spotlight. It’s also the first film 61._________( taste) success both in terms of box office earnings and promoting Chinese values.
Since its release on July 27, it 62. __________( earn) an unimaginable 4.5 billion yuan, 63.________ ( set) a record for domestic movies at the box office. The film focuses on a rescue operation in Africa,
64. ______( lead) by former special forces soldier Leng Feng—played by Wu Jing —who helps Chinese workers and local African 65.________(flee) a war-torn and plague-ravaged(瘟疫肆虐的) country.
Wolf Warriors II links art to reality, and reminds people of the massive evacuation(撤离) of Chinese people from Libya 66. __________ civil war broke out there in 2011, and from Yemen in 2015, as well as the challenges the Ebola virus created in West Africa from 2013 to 2016.
The film describes 67. ______ the Chinese government aims to protect overseas Chinese citizens. Just 68. ______ the message at the end of the film reads, “Citizens of the People’s Republic of China, when you encounter danger in a foreign land, do not give up! People remember! At your back 69. ___________(stand) a strong motherland.”
Thanks to China’s increasing participation in global affairs, the president could be considered as modern Chinese hero. 70. ___________（hold）up a banner(旗帜) of peace, friendship and responsibility, Wolf Warriors II should be seen as a brave effort to promote Chinese values around the world.
【答案】61. to taste 62. has earned 63. setting 64. led 65. (to) flee
66. when 67. how 68. as 69. stands 70. Holding


Ø 单元单词默写
1. ___________ n. 共和国，共和政体
2. ___________ n. 疟疾
3. ___________ adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的
4. ___________ n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物
5. ___________ n. 省，省份
6. ___________ adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的
7. ___________ vi. & vt. 想要，计划；意指
8. ___________ n. 提取物；选录 vt. 提取；选录；取出；设法得到
9. ___________ n. 药草，香草；草本
10. ___________ to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及
11. ___________ n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试
12. ___________ n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi. & vt. 测试，试验
13. ___________ adj. 有限的
14. ___________ adj. 家庭的，家用的，家务的 n. 一家人，家庭
15. ___________ n. 容器；集装箱，货柜
16. ___________ vt. 延迟，延期
17. ___________ adj. 足够的，充足的
18. ___________ n. 数据，资料，材料
19. ___________ （使）加速
20. ___________ 成功，奏效，达到目的
21. ___________ n. 错误，差错
→___________ 反复试验
22. ___________ n. 智慧，知识，学问； 才智；明智
23. ___________ adj. 有益的，有用的
24. ___________ vt. & vi. 组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止
25. ___________ vt. 说明，解释；加插 图于

republic
malaria
deadly
survival
province
broad
intend
extract
herb
refer
experiment
trial
limited
household
container
postpone
sufficient
data
speed up
pay off
error
through trial and error
wisdom
beneficial
conduct
illustrate