牛津译林版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the worldGrammar and usage学案设计

M3 U4 Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize

Grammar ---language points

1. surround 围绕；包围；与....紧密相关的

He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead. 他观察到周围的美军都死了。

拓;

be surrounded by/with被....包围

surround oneself with sb/sth 喜欢结交，喜欢身边有

surrounding  adj.周围的

surroundings  n.环境

surround的相关用法

单句语法填空

（1） Our area is a hilly area ___________(surround) by mountains on three sides.

（2）The ___________(surround) villages have been absorbed into the growing city.

（3） Wild animals should live in their natural _____________(surround)．

答案：（1）surrounded  (2)surrounding (3)surroundings

2. indicate vt. 表明；暗示；指出

The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria.

结果表明，这些霉菌的某种物质杀死了细菌。

拓;

表明+名词/从句

indicate to sb that 向某人暗示

as indicated above 正如上文提及的

indication n. 表明

indicator n.标志

3. by accident

One might think Fleming discovered penicilin by accident, but actually this is far from the truth. 有人可能发现弗莱明发现青蒿素是偶然的，但是事实并非如此。

By accident/chance 偶然地，意外地

accidental adj. 偶然的，意外的

accidental death 意外死亡

accidentally adv. 意外地

4. far from 远非，根本不

One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the truth.

有人认为佛莱明发现青蒿素是偶然的，但是事实远非如此。

The problem is far from easy. 这个问题一点也不容易。

5. favour   vt. 偏袒；有助于； n. 帮助；赞同

Fortune favors the prepared mind. 幸运眷顾有准备的人。

favor doing sth 较喜欢做某事

favour A over B 比较更喜欢A

do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙

do sb no favors 无助于某人 

favorable adj. 肯定的

unfavorable adj. 不利的，不赞成的

be favorable to/for sb 对....不利

　favour的相关用法

单句语法填空

(1) Do me ________ favour and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone, will you?

(2) Most students in our class are in favour ________ this camping plan.

(3) If something happens in a __________(favour) way, we will successfully accomplish the task.

答案：

（1）a

（2）of

（3）favorable

6. theory n.学说；理论；看法

He designed an experiment to prove his theory. 他设计了一个实验来证明自己的理论。

come up with/develop/put forward a theory  提出理论

prove a theory 证明理论           

put theory into practice 理论付诸于实践

theoretical adj. 理论的

theoretical  possibilities    理论上的可能性

7. charge

The lightning will charge the key. 闪电会为钥匙充电。

(1)  v. 充电

charge sb for sth

charge my car

(2)  V.谴责

charge sb with sth  

(3)  使....承担责任

be charged with sth/doing sth 承担.....责任

(4)  使....充满

The house is charged with warmth and joy.   这个房子总是充满温暖和快乐。

（5）n. 收费 

make a charge for sth 收费

free of charge 免费

（6）n. 控告

a murder charge 谋杀指控

（7）n. 掌管

in charge of sth 负责某事

in the charge of sth 由.....负责

charge的相关用法

单句语法填空

(1) Is he ________ charge of the job and supposed  to complete it punctually?

(2)The manager is going on business next week and the company will be left in ________ charge of Mike.

(3) Sometimes you can download music free ________ charge but sometimes you have to pay.

(4)Mr Black is ill in hospital so his son will ________ charge of the factory for now.

(5) He was charged ________ robbing the bank and sentenced to ten years in prison.

(6)The elephants charged ________ and quickly disappeared from our sight.

(7)This store often charges only 65 US cents a dozen ________ large eggs.

答案：

（1）in

（2）the

（3）of

（4）take

（5）with

（6）off

（7）for

8. As引导的非限制性定语从句

As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind”.       

9. Where引导的地点状语从句

He attached a mental key where the ribbon and kite line joined.