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高考英语复习北师大版《虚拟语气》 课件 (共52张PPT)
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这是一份高考英语复习北师大版《虚拟语气》 课件 (共52张PPT)，共52页。PPT课件主要包含了虚拟语气的主要内容，从 句，主 句，表示现在，和现在的事实相反，表示过去， had +过去分词，和过去的事实相反，表示将来，和将来的事实相反等内容，欢迎下载使用。
If yu were the nly girl in the wrld and I were the nly by! Nthing else wuld matter in the wrld tday we culd g n lving in the same ld way! A garden f Eden just made fr tw with nthing t mar ur jy I wuld say such wnderful things t yu there wuld be such wnderful things t d If yu were the nly girl in the wrld and I were the nly by! (byCliffrd Grey)
一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气六、几种特殊的虚拟语气
让所有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱！
1.何为语气？ 语气表示说话人对事物所持的态度,它的语法特征以动词形式表现出来。1）陈述语气 She is very clever.2）祈使语气 Dn’t be late fr the meeting.3）虚拟语气（表示假设的情况、主观愿望等。） If there were n gravity, we wuld nt be able t walk.
2. 真实条件句 ：真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生。 时态关系 句型： 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形 If she cmes, she will bring her vilin. 典型例题 The vlleyball match will be put ff if it ______. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 注意： 在真实条件句中，主句不用be ging t表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If yu leave nw, yu are never ging t regret it. (对) If yu leave nw, yu will never regret it. 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
3. 非真实（虚拟）条件句 1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a.同现在事实相反的假设。 句型 ： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 shuld( wuld) +动词原形 If they were here, they wuld help yu.
让所有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱
过去时(be---were)
shuld+动词原形wuld +动词原形culd +动词原形might +动词原形
一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
3. 非真实（虚拟）条件句 b.表示与过去事实相反的假设。 句型： 条件从句 主句 过去完成时 shuld(wuld) have+ 过去分词 If she had wrked harder, she wuld have succeeded. The rice wuld nt have been burnt if yu had been mre careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he wuld have prevented me frm ging.
If he had cme yesterday, I shuld / wuld have tld him abut it. 含义：He did nt cme yesterday, s I did nt tell him abut it.If he had nt been ill and missed many classes, he wuld have made greater prgress. 含义： He was ill and missed many lessns, s he did nt make greater prgress.
shuld+have+过去分词wuld +have+过去分词culd +have+过去分词might +have+过去分词
c.表示对将来的假想 句型： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 shuld+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式 wuld + 动词原形 shuld+ 动词原形 If yu succeeded, everything wuld be all right. If yu shuld succeed, everything wuld be all right. If yu were t succeed, everything wuld be all right.
1)were t+动词原形2)shuld+动词原形3)动词过去式
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：
规律总结:从句都往过去推一个时态，如:与现在相反的if从句就用过去时;与过去相反用过去完成时(即过去的过去)
特别说明1、l wuld/shuld/culd/might主句谓语中的shuld主要用于第一人称后;wuld表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，culd表示能力、允许或可能性。比较:If yu tried again ，yu wuld succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。 (wuld表结果)If yu tried again， yu might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。 (might表可能)If yu tried again ，yu culd succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(culd表能力)
二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿 望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如: 1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as healthy as yu. I wish that I had a plane. 2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had dne I wish I had been t the cncert last night. I wish yu had written t him. 3)与将来事实相反 : wish + wuld/culd/might+d I wish he wuld frgive me.
did/were(现在) S+wish+that+S+ had dne(过去) wuld/culd+d (将来)wish与hpe接宾语从句的区别在于:hpe表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较:(1) We hpe they will cme. (We dn't knw if they can cme.)(2) We wish they culd cme. (We knw they are nt cming.)
2. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用shuld+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“shuld”可以省略。 常见的动词有:建议advise, suggest, prpse, recmmend倡议advcate命令rder, cmmand请求ask, demand, require, request提议mve, vte指示direct 督促urge 希望 desire坚持insist 打算intend 安排 arrange 喜好prefer注意: suggest表 暗示表明 时 insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气:
He insisted that I had read his letter. He insisted that I shuld read his letter. The dctr suggested that she (shuld) have an peratin at nce. He rdered that it (shuld) be sent back. He urged that they g t Eurpe. 。 He requires that I (shuld) appear. I mve that we accept the prpsal. He arranged that I shuld g abrad. She desires that he d it. The general directed that the prisners shuld be set free.
特殊宾语从句中的虚拟语气Wuld yu mind if +S did sth? eg. Wuld yu mind if I smked here? l wuld rather后句子用虚拟语气 只分现在和过去。 在wuld rather, wuld sner, wuld just as sn后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气， 表示"宁愿做什么" ，具体用法为:① 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望 I'd rather yu went tmrrw (nw). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。② 用过去完成时表过去的愿望 I’d rather yu hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
1.I went t bed early last night,but I wish I s.A. didn’t d B. hadn’t dne C.haven’t dne D. culdn’t d 2.Hw I wish every family ____a large huse with a beautiful B.had C.will had D.had had 3. The teacher rdered that students_______. A. mustn’t smke B. nt smke C. smked D. had smked4.The teacher demanded that the wrk _____ befre 4 ’clck. A. finished B. finish C. shuld finish D. be finished
考题点击：I am nt free tday. If I ___free tday , I __ and visit sme f my friends . A. am will g B. were , wuld g C. shall be D. be , must g2. If my lawyer ___ here last Saturday, he __ me frm ging . A. had been , wuld have prevented B. had been, wuld prevent C. were, wuld prevent D. were, wuld have prevented3.If I were t see Tm, what ___ yu ___ me t tell him? A. are ,ging t ask B. d , ask C. wuld , ask D. did, ask
三、主语从句中的虚拟语气
基本句型： 1. It be+过去分词+that…+(shuld)+动词原形+…
过去分词：desired, suggested, requested, decided, reprted, prpsed, rdered, recmmended, …It is required that nbdy (shuld) smke here. It’s suggested that everybdy (shuld) buy a dictinary.
2. It be+形容词+that…+(shuld)+动词原形+…形容词: incredible, surprising, necessary，imprtant，strange，natural， advisable, anxius, cmpulsry, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impssible, imprper, bligatry, pssible, preferable, prbable, urgent, vital etcIt is necessary that we (shuld ) have a walk nw.It's imprtant that we (shuld) take gd care f the patient.
3. It be+名词（ a pity/a shame/ n wnder） that + (shuld)+动词原形+…（以上两种主语从句，shuld意为“应该”，“竟然表示惊奇，惋惜，遗憾，重要”等作用。）（以上二三两种主语从句，表示惊奇，惋惜，遗憾，重要等作用。shuld意为“应该”，“竟然”）
四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在 advice, agreement, cmmand, decisin, decree, demand, determinatin, indicatin, insistence, rder, preference, prpsal, request, requirement, stipulatin, suggestin, idea, plan, rder等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（shuld）+动词原形。
My suggestin is that we (shuld) leave at nce.
I make a prpsal that we (shuld) hld a meeting next week.
考题点击：Is it necessary that he _____ the examinatin? A. takes B. has t take C. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _____ yu this. A. wuld tell B. shuld tell C. had tld D. has tld3.It was rdered that n smking ____ in the library. A. shuld allw B. be allwed C. will be allwed D. is allwed
考题点击：His suggestin that yu _____ nce mre sunds reasnable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2.He gave an advice that they ____ each ther. A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helped3.My suggestin is that a few mre peple ___ there t help me.A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. shuld sent
五、状语从句中的虚拟语气 I
1.用在由as if,as thugh引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示将来用wuld + 动词原形。It seems as if the man were his brther.This device perated as thugh it had been repaired.He acts as if he knew me. They treat me as thugh I were a stranger. He talks as if he had been abrad. 注:两点说明(1) 从句内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气:It lks as if we'll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。(2) 注意 It isn't as if…的翻译:It isn't as if he were pr. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
五、状语从句中的虚拟语气 II
2.用在lest, fr fear that和in case引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用shuld+动词原形或动词原形。She walked quietly lest she (shuld)wake up her rmmates.She clsed the windws lest she catch cld.
考题点击：1. We felt as if we _____ each ther fr B.were knwingC.had knwn D.have knwing2. He tk away the xygen tank fr fear that it ______. A. may explre B.explded C. explde D.had explde
六、几种特殊的虚拟语气
虚拟倒装句 1.Were it (=If it were) nt fr their help,we culdn’t have gt ver the I (=If I had) knwn abut it,I wuld have tld anyne (=If anyne shuld )call,please take a message.What wuld have happened, _____ as far as the river bank? Bb had walked fartherB. if Bb shuld walk fartherC. had Bb walked fartherD. if Bb walked farther
虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, shuld, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, shuld或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here nw, they culd help us. =If they were here nw, they culd help us. Had yu cme earlier, yu wuld have met him =If yu had cme earlier, yu wuld have met him. Shuld it rain, the crps wuld be saved. =Were it t rain, the crps wuld be saved. Had he taken my advice, he wuld have succeeded.Were it nt fr the expense, I wuld g t Britain. Were I a by, I wuld jin the army.注意:若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如:我们可以说:Were it nt fr the expense, I wuld g abrad nw. 但不能说:Weren't it fr the expense, I wuld g abrad nw.
2) 错综条件句If yu _____ him yesterday, yu _____ what t d nw. asked … wuld knwB. had asked … wuld have knwnC. asked him … knwD. had asked … wuld knw
If yu hadn’t bught the ticket last week, hw wuld yu g nw?
混合型虚拟语气／错综时间虚拟条件句 即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整:If it had rained last night, the grund wuld be wet nw. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。Yu wuld be much better nw if yu had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。If they had wrked hard, they wuld be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)
3) 介词短语表条件 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, withut, but fr。如:What wuld yu d with a millin dllars? ( = if yu had a millin dllars)We culdn't have finished the wrk ahead f time withut yur help. ( = if we hadn't gt yur help)But fr yur help, we culdn’t have succeeded.Nthing culd live withut the sun.考题点击：Withut yur help, we ____ such rapid prgress.A. culdn’t make B. wuldn’t makeC. will nt have made D. wuldn’t have made
If虚拟条件句的否定(含蓄条件句) 常考两个句型:If it weren't fr…和If it hadn't been fr…，其意为"若不是(有)" "要不是"。如:If it weren't fr water, n plant culd grw. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。If it hadn't been fr yur assistance ，we wuldn't have succeeded.=But fr yur assistance ，we wuldn't have succeeded.=Withut yur assistance ，we wuldn't have succeeded.如果没有你的帮助，我们不会成功的。
4）情境中提供虚拟语气／含蓄型虚拟语气: 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。用therwise、r(r else),even thugh等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。如:I lst yur address.Otherwise,I wuld have visited yu lng befre. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I wuld have taken part in the sprts meet. He telephned t infrm me f yur birthday, r I wuld have knwn nthing abut it. He wuld have given yu mre help,but he was t busyHe wuld lse weight,but he eats t much.
A man wh stpped drinking water wuld be dead in abut seven days. I might have given yu mre help, but I was t busy. Everything taken int cnsideratin, they wuld have raiser their utput quickly. Suppse there were n gravity, bjects wuld nt fall t the grund when drpped. She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wuldn’t have left the meeting s early.考题点击：I went by plane; therwise I ____ much lnger time. A.culd take B.wuld take C.will have taken D.wuld have taken
１．He telephned t infrm me f yur birthday, r I wuld have knwn nthing abut it .（连词）２．I might have given yu mre help , but I was t busy .（连词）３．Given mre time, we culd have dne it better .（分词短语）４．… Such mistakes culd have been avided .（通过上下文）
5) 比较if nly与nly if （I） if nly 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同:If nly she had had mre curage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。If nly I had listened t my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。If nly she wuld g with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!*if nly 通常独立使用，没有主句。 考题点击：If nly grandmther ____ this tgether with us nw.A. will see B.culd see C.must see D.shuld see
5) 比较if nly与nly if （II） nly if 表示“只有”； I wake up nly if the alarm clck rings. if nly 则表示“如果……就好了”。其从句中的谓语动词用过去时或过去完成时。If nly I knew mre.If nly the alarm clck had rung. If nly 也可用于陈述语气。 If nly he cmes early.
6) It’s (high/lw) time 从句：It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用shuld加动词原形，但shuld不可省略。 It is time that the children went t bed. It is high time that the children shuld g t bed. 类似的结构为 wuld rather 从句： I wuld rather yu attended the meeting this afternn.
考题点击：It is time that yu _________ the whle g ver B.can g verC.went ver D.have gne ver
（7）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如：It wuld be better fr yu nt t stay up t late.Wuld yu be kind enugh t clse the dr?②用于一些习惯表达法中。如：Wuld yu like a cup f tea?I wuld rather nt tell yu.③表示祝愿话语中也可以用虚拟语气。May gdbless yu.愿上帝保佑你。May yu enjy many years f health and happiness.祝您健康长寿美满幸福。
高考链接: 1. I didn’t see yur sister at the meeting. If she , she wuld have met my brther. A. has cme B. did cme C. came D. had cme 2. When a pencil is partly in a glass f water, it lks as if it . A. breaks B. has brken C. were brken D. had been brken 3. Yu didn’t let me drive. If we in turn, yu s tired. A. drve ; didn’t get B. drve ; wuldn’t get C. were driving ;wuldn’t get D. had driven ; wuldn’t have gt 4.Withut the air t hld sme f the sun’s heat, the earth at night ,t cld fr us t live. A. wuld be freezing cld B. will be freezing cldly C. wuld be frzen cld D. can freeze cldly
5.___ it rain tmrrw, we wuld have t put ff the meeting. A. Were B. Shuld C. Wuld D. Will 6. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ______ ill, and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical examinatin. A. be; shuld have B. was; have C. shuld be; had D. was; has 7. ______ fr the free tickets, I wuldn’t have gne t the films s ften. A. If it is nt B. Were it nt C. Had it nt been D. If they were nt 8.Yesterday Jane walked away frm the discussin. Otherwise, she ______smething. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
Shuld Have-Culd Have-Wuld Have （I） by Bbbi Ann Duffy
I shuld have had the curage t stand my grund T be what I wanted t be nt what yu expected me t be If I culd have, I wuld have been A success in my wn eyesInstead f a failure in yurs I shuld have rejected yur standards fr my life And lived nly by my wn If I culd have, I wuld have been Happy and strng Instead f miserable and weak
Shuld Have-Culd Have-Wuld Have（II） by Bbbi Ann Duffy
I shuld have dne what I thught was right Nt what yu said was right If I culd have, I wuld have Lived a life that had meaning fr me Instead f a life filled with empty regrets I shuld have lived my life fr myself Nt fr yu, thers, r sciety If I culd have, I wuld have Enjyed living and lving Instead f feeling s alne and unfulfilled But in the twilight f life
Shuld Have-Culd Have-Wuld Have （III） by Bbbi Ann Duffy
Shuld haves- Culd haves And wuld haves D n gd because they change nthing And negate the jys I have experienced The lve I have shared And the beauty I have seen Nne f which I am willing t s dishnr.
读唐诗 学虚拟
《望夫石》 望夫处，江悠悠，化为石，不回头。 山头日日风复雨，行人归来石应语。
朗读望夫石的英文版，找出虚拟语气
Where she awaits her husbandOn and n the river flws.Never lking backTransfrmed int stneDay by day upn the muntain tp,Wind and rain revlve.Shuld the jurneyer return,This stne wuld utter speech
Nw yu were in the Pentagn in thse days, amng ther things putting tgether what later became knwn as the "Pentagn Papers." D yu think the criticism was warranted? If there had been a heavier bmbing wuld it have made much f a difference? I dn't knw that it wuld have made a difference in the ultimate utcme f the war, because I think the Nrth Vietnamese and their allies in the Suth, the Vietcng, were ging t fight as lng as necessary t drive ut any freign pwer. The frce f natinalism was that strng. But I think it wuld have made a difference in the military campaign. I think what the military was saying was militarily crrect—that we culd have dne much mre damage and made it much mre difficult fr the Nrth Vietnamese t adjust with a mre all-ut bmbing campaign.
If yu were the nly girl in the wrld and I were the nly by! Nthing else wuld matter in the wrld tday we culd g n lving in the same ld way! A garden f Eden just made fr tw with nthing t mar ur jy I wuld say such wnderful things t yu there wuld be such wnderful things t d If yu were the nly girl in the wrld and I were the nly by! (byCliffrd Grey)
一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气六、几种特殊的虚拟语气
让所有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱！
1.何为语气？ 语气表示说话人对事物所持的态度,它的语法特征以动词形式表现出来。1）陈述语气 She is very clever.2）祈使语气 Dn’t be late fr the meeting.3）虚拟语气（表示假设的情况、主观愿望等。） If there were n gravity, we wuld nt be able t walk.
2. 真实条件句 ：真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生。 时态关系 句型： 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形 If she cmes, she will bring her vilin. 典型例题 The vlleyball match will be put ff if it ______. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 注意： 在真实条件句中，主句不用be ging t表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If yu leave nw, yu are never ging t regret it. (对) If yu leave nw, yu will never regret it. 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
3. 非真实（虚拟）条件句 1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a.同现在事实相反的假设。 句型 ： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 shuld( wuld) +动词原形 If they were here, they wuld help yu.
让所有的花儿都开放，让所有的鸟儿都歌唱
过去时(be---were)
shuld+动词原形wuld +动词原形culd +动词原形might +动词原形
一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
3. 非真实（虚拟）条件句 b.表示与过去事实相反的假设。 句型： 条件从句 主句 过去完成时 shuld(wuld) have+ 过去分词 If she had wrked harder, she wuld have succeeded. The rice wuld nt have been burnt if yu had been mre careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he wuld have prevented me frm ging.
If he had cme yesterday, I shuld / wuld have tld him abut it. 含义：He did nt cme yesterday, s I did nt tell him abut it.If he had nt been ill and missed many classes, he wuld have made greater prgress. 含义： He was ill and missed many lessns, s he did nt make greater prgress.
shuld+have+过去分词wuld +have+过去分词culd +have+过去分词might +have+过去分词
c.表示对将来的假想 句型： 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 shuld+ 动词原形 were+ 不定式 wuld + 动词原形 shuld+ 动词原形 If yu succeeded, everything wuld be all right. If yu shuld succeed, everything wuld be all right. If yu were t succeed, everything wuld be all right.
1)were t+动词原形2)shuld+动词原形3)动词过去式
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：
规律总结:从句都往过去推一个时态，如:与现在相反的if从句就用过去时;与过去相反用过去完成时(即过去的过去)
特别说明1、l wuld/shuld/culd/might主句谓语中的shuld主要用于第一人称后;wuld表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，culd表示能力、允许或可能性。比较:If yu tried again ，yu wuld succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。 (wuld表结果)If yu tried again， yu might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。 (might表可能)If yu tried again ，yu culd succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(culd表能力)
二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿 望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如: 1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as healthy as yu. I wish that I had a plane. 2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+had dne I wish I had been t the cncert last night. I wish yu had written t him. 3)与将来事实相反 : wish + wuld/culd/might+d I wish he wuld frgive me.
did/were(现在) S+wish+that+S+ had dne(过去) wuld/culd+d (将来)wish与hpe接宾语从句的区别在于:hpe表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较:(1) We hpe they will cme. (We dn't knw if they can cme.)(2) We wish they culd cme. (We knw they are nt cming.)
2. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用shuld+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“shuld”可以省略。 常见的动词有:建议advise, suggest, prpse, recmmend倡议advcate命令rder, cmmand请求ask, demand, require, request提议mve, vte指示direct 督促urge 希望 desire坚持insist 打算intend 安排 arrange 喜好prefer注意: suggest表 暗示表明 时 insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气:
He insisted that I had read his letter. He insisted that I shuld read his letter. The dctr suggested that she (shuld) have an peratin at nce. He rdered that it (shuld) be sent back. He urged that they g t Eurpe. 。 He requires that I (shuld) appear. I mve that we accept the prpsal. He arranged that I shuld g abrad. She desires that he d it. The general directed that the prisners shuld be set free.
特殊宾语从句中的虚拟语气Wuld yu mind if +S did sth? eg. Wuld yu mind if I smked here? l wuld rather后句子用虚拟语气 只分现在和过去。 在wuld rather, wuld sner, wuld just as sn后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气， 表示"宁愿做什么" ，具体用法为:① 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望 I'd rather yu went tmrrw (nw). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。② 用过去完成时表过去的愿望 I’d rather yu hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
1.I went t bed early last night,but I wish I s.A. didn’t d B. hadn’t dne C.haven’t dne D. culdn’t d 2.Hw I wish every family ____a large huse with a beautiful B.had C.will had D.had had 3. The teacher rdered that students_______. A. mustn’t smke B. nt smke C. smked D. had smked4.The teacher demanded that the wrk _____ befre 4 ’clck. A. finished B. finish C. shuld finish D. be finished
考题点击：I am nt free tday. If I ___free tday , I __ and visit sme f my friends . A. am will g B. were , wuld g C. shall be D. be , must g2. If my lawyer ___ here last Saturday, he __ me frm ging . A. had been , wuld have prevented B. had been, wuld prevent C. were, wuld prevent D. were, wuld have prevented3.If I were t see Tm, what ___ yu ___ me t tell him? A. are ,ging t ask B. d , ask C. wuld , ask D. did, ask
三、主语从句中的虚拟语气
基本句型： 1. It be+过去分词+that…+(shuld)+动词原形+…
过去分词：desired, suggested, requested, decided, reprted, prpsed, rdered, recmmended, …It is required that nbdy (shuld) smke here. It’s suggested that everybdy (shuld) buy a dictinary.
2. It be+形容词+that…+(shuld)+动词原形+…形容词: incredible, surprising, necessary，imprtant，strange，natural， advisable, anxius, cmpulsry, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impssible, imprper, bligatry, pssible, preferable, prbable, urgent, vital etcIt is necessary that we (shuld ) have a walk nw.It's imprtant that we (shuld) take gd care f the patient.
3. It be+名词（ a pity/a shame/ n wnder） that + (shuld)+动词原形+…（以上两种主语从句，shuld意为“应该”，“竟然表示惊奇，惋惜，遗憾，重要”等作用。）（以上二三两种主语从句，表示惊奇，惋惜，遗憾，重要等作用。shuld意为“应该”，“竟然”）
四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在 advice, agreement, cmmand, decisin, decree, demand, determinatin, indicatin, insistence, rder, preference, prpsal, request, requirement, stipulatin, suggestin, idea, plan, rder等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（shuld）+动词原形。
My suggestin is that we (shuld) leave at nce.
I make a prpsal that we (shuld) hld a meeting next week.
考题点击：Is it necessary that he _____ the examinatin? A. takes B. has t take C. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _____ yu this. A. wuld tell B. shuld tell C. had tld D. has tld3.It was rdered that n smking ____ in the library. A. shuld allw B. be allwed C. will be allwed D. is allwed
考题点击：His suggestin that yu _____ nce mre sunds reasnable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2.He gave an advice that they ____ each ther. A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helped3.My suggestin is that a few mre peple ___ there t help me.A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. shuld sent
五、状语从句中的虚拟语气 I
1.用在由as if,as thugh引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示将来用wuld + 动词原形。It seems as if the man were his brther.This device perated as thugh it had been repaired.He acts as if he knew me. They treat me as thugh I were a stranger. He talks as if he had been abrad. 注:两点说明(1) 从句内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气:It lks as if we'll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。(2) 注意 It isn't as if…的翻译:It isn't as if he were pr. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
五、状语从句中的虚拟语气 II
2.用在lest, fr fear that和in case引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用shuld+动词原形或动词原形。She walked quietly lest she (shuld)wake up her rmmates.She clsed the windws lest she catch cld.
考题点击：1. We felt as if we _____ each ther fr B.were knwingC.had knwn D.have knwing2. He tk away the xygen tank fr fear that it ______. A. may explre B.explded C. explde D.had explde
六、几种特殊的虚拟语气
虚拟倒装句 1.Were it (=If it were) nt fr their help,we culdn’t have gt ver the I (=If I had) knwn abut it,I wuld have tld anyne (=If anyne shuld )call,please take a message.What wuld have happened, _____ as far as the river bank? Bb had walked fartherB. if Bb shuld walk fartherC. had Bb walked fartherD. if Bb walked farther
虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, shuld, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, shuld或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here nw, they culd help us. =If they were here nw, they culd help us. Had yu cme earlier, yu wuld have met him =If yu had cme earlier, yu wuld have met him. Shuld it rain, the crps wuld be saved. =Were it t rain, the crps wuld be saved. Had he taken my advice, he wuld have succeeded.Were it nt fr the expense, I wuld g t Britain. Were I a by, I wuld jin the army.注意:若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如:我们可以说:Were it nt fr the expense, I wuld g abrad nw. 但不能说:Weren't it fr the expense, I wuld g abrad nw.
2) 错综条件句If yu _____ him yesterday, yu _____ what t d nw. asked … wuld knwB. had asked … wuld have knwnC. asked him … knwD. had asked … wuld knw
If yu hadn’t bught the ticket last week, hw wuld yu g nw?
混合型虚拟语气／错综时间虚拟条件句 即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整:If it had rained last night, the grund wuld be wet nw. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。Yu wuld be much better nw if yu had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。If they had wrked hard, they wuld be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)
3) 介词短语表条件 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, withut, but fr。如:What wuld yu d with a millin dllars? ( = if yu had a millin dllars)We culdn't have finished the wrk ahead f time withut yur help. ( = if we hadn't gt yur help)But fr yur help, we culdn’t have succeeded.Nthing culd live withut the sun.考题点击：Withut yur help, we ____ such rapid prgress.A. culdn’t make B. wuldn’t makeC. will nt have made D. wuldn’t have made
If虚拟条件句的否定(含蓄条件句) 常考两个句型:If it weren't fr…和If it hadn't been fr…，其意为"若不是(有)" "要不是"。如:If it weren't fr water, n plant culd grw. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。If it hadn't been fr yur assistance ，we wuldn't have succeeded.=But fr yur assistance ，we wuldn't have succeeded.=Withut yur assistance ，we wuldn't have succeeded.如果没有你的帮助，我们不会成功的。
4）情境中提供虚拟语气／含蓄型虚拟语气: 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。用therwise、r(r else),even thugh等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。如:I lst yur address.Otherwise,I wuld have visited yu lng befre. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I wuld have taken part in the sprts meet. He telephned t infrm me f yur birthday, r I wuld have knwn nthing abut it. He wuld have given yu mre help,but he was t busyHe wuld lse weight,but he eats t much.
A man wh stpped drinking water wuld be dead in abut seven days. I might have given yu mre help, but I was t busy. Everything taken int cnsideratin, they wuld have raiser their utput quickly. Suppse there were n gravity, bjects wuld nt fall t the grund when drpped. She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wuldn’t have left the meeting s early.考题点击：I went by plane; therwise I ____ much lnger time. A.culd take B.wuld take C.will have taken D.wuld have taken
１．He telephned t infrm me f yur birthday, r I wuld have knwn nthing abut it .（连词）２．I might have given yu mre help , but I was t busy .（连词）３．Given mre time, we culd have dne it better .（分词短语）４．… Such mistakes culd have been avided .（通过上下文）
5) 比较if nly与nly if （I） if nly 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同:If nly she had had mre curage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。If nly I had listened t my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。If nly she wuld g with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!*if nly 通常独立使用，没有主句。 考题点击：If nly grandmther ____ this tgether with us nw.A. will see B.culd see C.must see D.shuld see
5) 比较if nly与nly if （II） nly if 表示“只有”； I wake up nly if the alarm clck rings. if nly 则表示“如果……就好了”。其从句中的谓语动词用过去时或过去完成时。If nly I knew mre.If nly the alarm clck had rung. If nly 也可用于陈述语气。 If nly he cmes early.
6) It’s (high/lw) time 从句：It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用shuld加动词原形，但shuld不可省略。 It is time that the children went t bed. It is high time that the children shuld g t bed. 类似的结构为 wuld rather 从句： I wuld rather yu attended the meeting this afternn.
考题点击：It is time that yu _________ the whle g ver B.can g verC.went ver D.have gne ver
（7）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如：It wuld be better fr yu nt t stay up t late.Wuld yu be kind enugh t clse the dr?②用于一些习惯表达法中。如：Wuld yu like a cup f tea?I wuld rather nt tell yu.③表示祝愿话语中也可以用虚拟语气。May gdbless yu.愿上帝保佑你。May yu enjy many years f health and happiness.祝您健康长寿美满幸福。
高考链接: 1. I didn’t see yur sister at the meeting. If she , she wuld have met my brther. A. has cme B. did cme C. came D. had cme 2. When a pencil is partly in a glass f water, it lks as if it . A. breaks B. has brken C. were brken D. had been brken 3. Yu didn’t let me drive. If we in turn, yu s tired. A. drve ; didn’t get B. drve ; wuldn’t get C. were driving ;wuldn’t get D. had driven ; wuldn’t have gt 4.Withut the air t hld sme f the sun’s heat, the earth at night ,t cld fr us t live. A. wuld be freezing cld B. will be freezing cldly C. wuld be frzen cld D. can freeze cldly
5.___ it rain tmrrw, we wuld have t put ff the meeting. A. Were B. Shuld C. Wuld D. Will 6. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ______ ill, and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical examinatin. A. be; shuld have B. was; have C. shuld be; had D. was; has 7. ______ fr the free tickets, I wuldn’t have gne t the films s ften. A. If it is nt B. Were it nt C. Had it nt been D. If they were nt 8.Yesterday Jane walked away frm the discussin. Otherwise, she ______smething. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
Shuld Have-Culd Have-Wuld Have （I） by Bbbi Ann Duffy
I shuld have had the curage t stand my grund T be what I wanted t be nt what yu expected me t be If I culd have, I wuld have been A success in my wn eyesInstead f a failure in yurs I shuld have rejected yur standards fr my life And lived nly by my wn If I culd have, I wuld have been Happy and strng Instead f miserable and weak
Shuld Have-Culd Have-Wuld Have（II） by Bbbi Ann Duffy
I shuld have dne what I thught was right Nt what yu said was right If I culd have, I wuld have Lived a life that had meaning fr me Instead f a life filled with empty regrets I shuld have lived my life fr myself Nt fr yu, thers, r sciety If I culd have, I wuld have Enjyed living and lving Instead f feeling s alne and unfulfilled But in the twilight f life
Shuld Have-Culd Have-Wuld Have （III） by Bbbi Ann Duffy
Shuld haves- Culd haves And wuld haves D n gd because they change nthing And negate the jys I have experienced The lve I have shared And the beauty I have seen Nne f which I am willing t s dishnr.
读唐诗 学虚拟
《望夫石》 望夫处，江悠悠，化为石，不回头。 山头日日风复雨，行人归来石应语。
朗读望夫石的英文版，找出虚拟语气
Where she awaits her husbandOn and n the river flws.Never lking backTransfrmed int stneDay by day upn the muntain tp,Wind and rain revlve.Shuld the jurneyer return,This stne wuld utter speech
Nw yu were in the Pentagn in thse days, amng ther things putting tgether what later became knwn as the "Pentagn Papers." D yu think the criticism was warranted? If there had been a heavier bmbing wuld it have made much f a difference? I dn't knw that it wuld have made a difference in the ultimate utcme f the war, because I think the Nrth Vietnamese and their allies in the Suth, the Vietcng, were ging t fight as lng as necessary t drive ut any freign pwer. The frce f natinalism was that strng. But I think it wuld have made a difference in the military campaign. I think what the military was saying was militarily crrect—that we culd have dne much mre damage and made it much mre difficult fr the Nrth Vietnamese t adjust with a mre all-ut bmbing campaign.
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