高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Learning from nature课堂检测

这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Learning from nature课堂检测，共5页。

2．The Natural Histry Museum is a superb (极好的) place fr kids.
3．The study f the brain is ften described as the next intellectual frntier (前沿)．
4．What's the frmula fr cnverting (使转换) punds int kilgrams?
5．The castle was built n tp f a natural grassy mund (土堆)．
6．Plants absrb carbn dixide (二氧化物) frm the air and misture frm the sil.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Cities are likely t be affected by verheating，thanks t smething called the urban heat island effect.Cities tend t be shrt f trees，which prvide shade，and they are cvered with black pavement，which absrbs heat frm the sun.Think f hw it feels t wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt n a sunny day.A black shirt absrbs light，heating yu up.But a white shirt reflects light，keeping yu cl.
The average temperature in a city f a millin r mre peple can be mre than 5 degrees F htter than surrunding areas.That extra 5 degrees can turn a ht day frm uncmfrtable t deadly.As temperatures rise，cities will be an especially dangerus place t be during a heat wave.T prtect public health，city fficials are ging t make the city cler.
As part f that effrt，Ls Angeles is cating its rads in ClSeal，a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lts 10 degrees cler than black asphalt(沥青)．It will help Angelens save mney during the summer，when air cnditining sends pwer bills saring.And it will save lives by lwering temperatures and imprving air quality.Ht weather wrsens air pllutin by turning car exhaust int smg，which can make life miserable fr peple with asthma(哮喘)and ther breathing prblems.
Of curse，LA will have t d mre than paint ver a few streets t cl ff the city.Angelens will als need t plant mre trees and apply white paint t rftps—at least thse nt already cvered in slar panels.While LA is a pineer f reflective streets，ther cities，like New Yrk，are already experimenting with reflective rfs r，like Melburne，lwering the temperature by planting trees.LA is hardly alne in its effrt t stay cl.
“This is an urgent challenge，and it's much bigger than ne persn，” said Mayr Garcetti in a recent statement.“Climate change is a fact f life that peple in Ls Angeles and cities arund the wrld live with every day.”
【语篇解读】 文章主要讲述了洛杉矶为了在夏季让温度降低，节约开支，把城市街道刷白，增加反射以使城市在夏季保持凉爽。
1．Which f the fllwing cntributes t the urban heat island effect?
A．Planting mre trees in the streets.
B．Cvering the streets with white paint.
C．Applying reflective paint t rftps.
D．Furnishing every huse with air cnditiners.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“，which prvide shade，and they are cvered with black pavement，which absrbs heat frm the sun.” 树木提供阴凉，并覆盖着黑色路面，吸收太阳的热量及第四段第一句“LA will have t white paint t rftps”可知，A、B和C可减少城市热岛效应，只有D项“每家都安装空调”能促进城市热岛效应的形成，因此D项符合题意。]
2．What shuld the city fficials emphasize during ht summer?
A．Hw t make the city cler.
B．Where t wear a white shirt.
C．Why t cat the rads with black paint.
D．When t cut ff the electricity supply.
A [细节理解题。由文章第二段最后一句“T prtect public health，city fficials are ging t make the city cler.”可知，在炎热的夏季城市管理者应该强调如何去使城市凉爽，从而保护公众的健康。]
3．What benefit can peple gain frm the use f ClSeal?
A．Increasing the indr activities.
B．Prmting the sale f air cnditiners.
C．Making life easier and mre cmfrtable.
D．Reducing the number f cld days.
C [细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“ Angeles is cating its lwering temperatures and imprving air quality.”分析ClSeal的介绍可知，相比沥青，使用这种白漆可使街道和停车场气温下降10度，既能降低人们的生活开支，帮助省钱，又能减少污染，提高人们的生活质量。故选C。]
4．What's the main idea f the passage?
A．LA adpted many appraches t fight against the heat.
B．LA calls n peple t fight against glbal warming.
C．Mre and mre cuntries begin t plant trees in the streets.
D．LA is painting its streets white t keep the city cl.
D [主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本篇文章介绍的是洛杉矶把城市街道刷白增加反射以使城市在夏季保持凉爽，故选D。]
B
Barcelna's famus Sagrada Familia is finally set t get a building license t wrk n the still uncmpleted church.
This UNESCO Wrld Heritage basilica (长方形基督教堂)，which is Barcelna's mst visited turist attractin，began building in 1882 based n a design by architect Francisc Lzan.Hwever，when he stepped dwn，architect Antni Gaudi tk ver the design in 1883.The building wn't be finished until 2026—ne hundred years after the architect was killed by a streetcar in the city.His bdy was buried in a rm under the flr f the Sagrada Familia.
T get its paperwrk rubber stamped，the church authrities have agreed t finally pay the gvernment a 36 millin fee fr a building permit.Gaudi was tld t get the paperwrk prcessed，but the architect failed t d s—prceeding with cnstructin.The mney frm the church's permit will be used t upgrade transprt links and beautify the area.
Gaudi played an active rle in directing the cnstructin f the Sagrada Familia until his death in 1926.He wuld ften request that wrk be mdified and adjusted until it was exactly what he had in mind.Hwever, interpretatin f the designs by present day architects is particularly challenging because f the nature f the existing designs.
Gaudi and his wrks have becme symbls f Barcelna, the capital city f Catalnia, nrtheast Spain.The unfinished building is called a masterpiece f Gthic architecture and it is perhaps the mst unique and mysterius building in the style ever cnstructed.The ppularity f the site with turists has helped fund the push t cmplete the church and pay fr the paperwrk.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。位于西班牙巴塞罗那的一座罗马天主教大型教堂圣家族大教堂终于获得了建筑许可，可以对这座尚未完工的教堂继续施工。
5．What d we knw abut the Sagrada Familia?
A．It has been cmpletely cnstructed.
B．It was first designed by Antni Gaudi.
C．It will get a building permit in 2026.
D．It began t be built abut 140 years ag.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This UNESCO Wrld Heritage basilica，which is Barcelna's mst visited turist attractin, began building in 1882”可知，这座教堂于1882年开始建造，距今差不多有140年，但是还没有完工。故选D。]
6．What can we infer abut Antni Gaudi?
A．He wished t be buried in the church.
B．He is remembered as a great architect.
C．He didn't knw a permit was necessary.
D．He is t blame fr the unfinished church.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“architect Antni Gaudi tk ver the design in 1883”和“His bdy was buried in a rm under the flr f the Sagrada Familia.”由此判断出，Antni Gaudi作为一个著名的建筑师为人们所怀念。 故选B。]
7．What makes the Sagrada Familia s ppular?
A．Its unusual design style.
B．Its tw famus architects.
C．Its special building materials.
D．Its illegal cnstructin paperwrk.
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The unfinished building is called a masterpiece f Gthic architecture and it is perhaps the mst unique and mysterius building in the style ever cnstructed.”可知，Sagrada Familia教堂以其独特的建筑风格而受到游客的喜爱。故选A。]
8．The church managed t pay fr the license ．
A．in the supprt f the gvernment
B．by reducing cnstructin csts
C．with the aid f turist incme
D．thrugh dnatins frm architects
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The ppularity f the site with turists has helped fund the push t cmplete the church and pay fr the paperwrk.”可知，当地旅游业的收入让教堂有了建造许可证。故选C。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Vilent Games：Fun r Harmful?
If yu play lts f vide games，yu've prbably blwn a zmbie(僵尸) int tiny bits. 1 Many adults wrry that playing such games culd make children act vilently in real life.Is that true?
The American Academy f Pediatrics(儿科) says that vilence in any kind f media—frm TV t music t vide games—presents a risk t kids' health.A number f studies have shwn a link between vide games and aggressin，including ne published in JAMA Pediatrics in 2014，which fund that kids wh played vilent vide games shwed an increase in aggressive thughts and behavirs. 2
But nt all studies agree that vilent games cause kids t act ut.Anther study replaced vilent deaths with evapratin(蒸发) in a game. 3 Peple wh played the nn­vilent game withut any training were mre aggressive afterward than peple wh played the vilent versin but learned t cntrl themselves first.
And here's an even stranger fact：When vilent vide games are released，peple carry ut fewer vilent crimes！Why? 4 Steve Levitt，c­authr f the bk Freaknmics，said，“If yu can make vide games fun enugh，then kids will stp watching TV，and they'll stp ging ut and creating vilent disrder n the street.”
What d yu think? 5
A．One pssible explanatin：ptential criminals are at hme playing the new game.
B．Then，befre playing the game，sme peple received training and thers didn't.
C．Mre than 3，000 kids answered survey questins during a tw­year perid.
D．Fr example，thinking it's OK t hit smene yu dn't like.
E．Have yu ever played any vilent vide games?
F．D vilent vide games cause bad behavir?
G．Sme games even pile up dead bdies.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了暴力电子游戏到底是有趣还是有害。
1．G [根据本空前的“If yu play lts f vide games，yu've prbably blwn a zmbie(僵尸) int tiny bits.”可知，如果你玩很多电子游戏，你可能已经把僵尸炸成了碎片，故G项(有些游戏甚至把尸体堆起来)符合语境。]
2．D [根据本空前的“which fund that kids wh played vilent vide games shwed an increase in aggressive thughts and behavirs.”可知，一个研究表明玩暴力电子游戏的孩子表现出攻击性思维和行为的增加，故D项符合语境。]
3．B [根据本空后的“Peple wh played the nn­vilent cntrl themselves first.”可知，那些没有经过任何训练就玩非暴力游戏的人比那些玩暴力游戏但先学会控制自己的人在游戏结束后更具攻击性，故B项符合语境。]
4．A [根据本空前的“When vilent vide games are released，peple carry ut fewer vilent crimes！Why？”可知，当暴力电子游戏发行时，人们实施的暴力犯罪更少了，这是为什么？故A项符合语境。]
5．F [根据本空前的“What d yu think？”可知，你怎么认为？此处承接上文，故F项(暴力电子游戏会导致不良行为么？)符合语境。]