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英语选择性必修 第四册Grammar and usage教课内容ppt课件
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这是一份英语选择性必修 第四册Grammar and usage教课内容ppt课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了宾语从句的用法，it作形式宾语，宾语从句的时态，同位语从句的用法，连接词，特殊形式，各个击破等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. I think it's interesting.2. The fact is that we have lst the game.3. Whether she cmes r nt makes n difference.4. It is nt knwn what caused the wildfire.5. I heard the news that ur team had wn．
as the bject
as the subject
as the predicative
as the appsitive
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
Object clause
Predicative clause
Appsitive clause
Subject clause
Check yur answers!
As yu start t make plans fr what yu want t d with yur future, ...
Als, yu will need t make sure any lans yu have are repaid n time.
Anther advantage is that yu will be able t better prvide fr yurself and yur family.
..., yu might ask a questin whether yu shuld start yur wn business.
It is n surprise that being ne’s wn bss is appealing t many peple.
Fcus n 基本用法
Nun Clauses as the subject (主语从句)
在复合句中，如作主语的是一个从句，该从句被称为主语从句。
That she was beautiful was plain t everyne.
Hw a bk will sell depends much n the reviewer(评论者).
Whether he'll cme hasn't been decided.
= It hasn't been decided whether he'll cme.
① That the earth mves arund the sun is well knwn.
② Whether he will cme r nt is nt knwn yet.
that, whether
④ Which ne is the best is nt clear.
① Wh will be sent there has nt been decided.② Whse the mney is desn’t cncern me.
③What yu need is mre practice.
wh, whse, what, which, whever, whatever, whichever等
⑤ Whever cmes first will get a free bk.
⑥ Whatever he did was right.
⑦ Whichever team gains the mst pints wins.
①When they will cme hasn't been made public.
② Where he has gne is a questin.
③ Why there is gravity is hard t understand.
④ Hw he can earn a living in Britain remains a big prblem.
when, where, why, hw
① That he speaks English s well surprises all f us.
② That she became an artist may have been due t her father's influence.
1.that在主语从句中不充当任何成分，也无意 义，只起连接作用，不能省略。
① It's uncertain whether/if he'll cme this evening.
2.whether和if: whether与if 引导主语从句， 位于句中有时可换用。
② It was dubtful whether/if Tm really saw Sharn.
1.① Whether we'll g camping tmrrw depends n the weather.
② It makes n difference whether yu will g tday r tmrrw.
2.① Whether r nt he will cme still remains a questin.
② Whether we'll succeed remains t be seen.
1.主语从句位于句首时；
2.从句后有r或紧跟r nt时
③ Why he didn't attend the meeting wasn't clear.
3.连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己 的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中 充当某种成分。
④ When the plane will take ff has nt been annunced.
① Wh will cme t teach us is nt knwn.
② What hurt my feelings was the judge's cmment.
② What we need are mre bks.
① Wh wn the match is still unknwn.
主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
① What she lacks is experience.
what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由后面的表语决定。
② What yu said is perfectly true.
certain clear imprtant necessary prbable pssible
主语从句常用it作形式主语放句首,从句为真正的主语，放在句末，使句子更平衡。
+that – clause
1. It+be+形容词+that从句
① It is certain that she will d well in her exam.
可以肯定的是，她会在考试中做得很好。
② It is prbable that he tld me everything.
他可能把一切都告诉我了。
③ It is natural that they shuld have different views.
他们有不同观点是很自然的。
④ It is strange that he knws nthing abut it.
很奇怪他对此竟一无所知。
2. It + be + 名词词组 + that从句
pity shame duty
① It is a pity that he missed such a gd chance.
It is / was a
+ that – clause
② It is a shame that yu're sick.
很遗憾他错过了这么好的机会。
3. It + be + v-ed + that从句
said reprted thught hped believed knwn
① It is said that he is the best student in the class.
② It is thught that Je drives badly.
据说他是班上最好的学生。
人们认为乔开车开得不好。
① It seems that Alice is nt cming t the party at all.
② It happened that I was ut that day.
③ It appears t me that yu dn’t want t cme t the party.
4. It + seem, happen, appear等不及物动词 + that从句
爱丽丝似乎根本不会来参加晚会。
在我看来，你不想来参加聚会。
Lines frm the film Kung Fu Panda
1. Whmever I chse will nt nly bring peace t the valley, but als t yu.
2. It is said that the Dragn Warrir can survive fr mnths at a time n nthing but the dew f a single Gingk leaf and the energy f the universe.
Observe and find subject clauses
在复合句中，如作宾语的是一个从句，该从句被称为宾语从句。
I dn't care whether he is rich r nt.
I've made it clear I will never g back there.
Nun Clauses as the bject ( 宾语从句)
I think that yu are right.
that（在口语或非正式文体中常省略）
I wnder if/whether they will have the races again next year.
whether, if (在口语中常用if)
Culd yu please tell me where the restrms are?
wh, what, which, when, where, hw, why
由that引导的陈述性的宾语从句
由连词if/whether引导的宾语从句
由wh-引导的宾语从句
在动词不定式之前只能用whether。
在whether…r nt 的固定搭配中
在介词后，只能用whether。
宾语从句放在句首表示强调时
Please tell us whether t g r stay here.
I dn't knw whether r nt I can cme.
We wrried abut whether he was in gd health.
Whether it is true r nt, I can't tell.
(1) 动词 + it + that从句，常见于take, have, put等动词之后。
I take it that he will finish the task by himself. 我认为他能自己完成这项任务。
(2) 动词 + it + when / if从句，常见于appreciate, enjy, like, prefer等动词之后。
We really appreciate it if yu culd d us a favur. 如果您能帮助我们，我们会很感激。
He made it knwn t everyne that he was right. 他让每个人都明白他是对的。
(3) 动词 + it + 介词短语 + that从句，常见于we it t sb, take it fr granted等结构中。
We we it t yu that we are still alive. 多亏有你，我们还活着。
(5) 动词 + it + V-ed + 从句
(4) 动词 + 介词+ it + that从句，常见于lk t, depend n, insist n, stick t, answer fr等结构中。
She insisted n it that she was inncent. 她坚持说自己是无辜的。
(1)主句是现在的时态， 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
(2)主句是过去的某种时态， 从句一定要用过去的某种时态。
Des anyne knw where I can find a hme?
We didn't knw why she had missed the flight.
注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时, 不管主句是什么时态, 从句都要用一般现在时。He said that light travels much faster than sund.
① I knw yu are nt the dragn warrir.② I dn't knw if I can d all f thse mves.③ I dn't understand what master Ogway was thinking.
名词性从句作宾语时，前面的that经常被省略，特别是在非正式文体中更是如此。
Observe and find bject clauses
The fact is that he has nt been seen recently. My suggestin is that we shuld turn the land int rice fields.
在复合句中，如作表语的是一个从句，该从句被称为表语从句。
Nun Clauses as the predicative ( 表语从句)
系动词+表语构成系表结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
读下面的句子，关注并回忆常见的系动词有哪些：
常见的系动词有：be动词: _________________________________感官动词: _______________________________“变得词”: _______________________________“持续词”: _______________________________
1. William is excited abut his prmtin.2. She appears upset abut the annuncement.3. The eggs smell rtten.4. Yur plans fr the wedding sund nice.5. Yu lk exhausted after studying all night.6. Bb felt sleepy after eating the whle pizza.7. The audience fell silent when the cnductr walked n stage.8. The theater gets dark when the shw is abut t begin.9. The stre stays pen until late n Thursdays.
am, is, are, was, were
feel, lk, smell, sund, taste, seem, ...
get, becme, turn, grw, fall, ...
remain, keep, stay, ...
① The mst imprtant thing is that we finish the final task.② The questin is whether we can finish it in such a shrt time.③ The reasn why he was late is that he gt up late.
that& whether
用法归纳：a. that引导表语从句时，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，有/没有意义。b. whether引导表语从句时，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，通常翻译为“______”。注意:引导表语从句时通常不用if。
c. 注意下面这个结构：The reasn why ... is / was that ...
① She is nt wh she was.② Exercise is what keeps us healthy.③ The winner will be whever slves that prblem.④ My part will be whatever yu give t me.
用法归纳：连接代词引导表语从句时，既起______作用，又作句子成分(通常作__________________等)。
wh, whm, whse, which, what, whatever, whever, whichever, ...
① The huse is where Lu Xun nce lived.② Tmrrw is when it wuld be the mst cnvenient.③ By bat is the nly way t get here, which is hw we arrived.④ That's why yu shuld push yurself.⑤ The best time t start is whenever yu are ready.
用法归纳：连接副词引导表语从句时，既起______作用，又作句子成分（通常作______）。
where, when, hw, why, whenever, wherever, ...
① That’s because we were in need f mney at that time. ② He lked as if he was ging t cry.③ It lked as thugh it might rain at any minute.
because, as if, as thugh, ...
如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示 “建议”或者“命令”之类的词如advice, suggestin, prpsal, rder, plan, idea等, 那么从句中的动词通常用(shuld)+动词原形。
My suggestin is that we all ___________ (take) an active part in the cming sprts meet. 2. His prpsal was that the wrk _________________ (finish) in five hurs.
(shuld) be finished
(shuld) take
① Master, let us stp Tai Lung. This is what yu've trained us fr.②Yesterday is histry, tmrrw is a mystery, but tday is a gift. That is why it is called the “present”. ③ This is where Ogway unraveled the mysteries f harmny and fcus. This is the birth place f Kung Fu.④ Yu gt t let g f the stuff frm past -because it just desn't matter. The nly thing that matters is what yu chse t be nw.
Observe and find predicative clauses
在复合句中，从句作某一名词的同位语，对该名词作进一步解释说明，该从句被称为同位语从句。
The news that ur ftball team wn the match was encuraging.
Nun Clauses as the appsitive ( 同位语从句)
①The fact that we cannt travel faster than light means that it will take a lng time t reach thse planets.②He can't answer the questin hw he gt the mney.③I have n idea where he cmes frm.
同位语从句常放在抽象名词，如fact, idea, news, infrmatin, rder, belief, suggestin, reply, answer, thught等之后，以具体说明这些词的含义。
1. that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，无具体意义，不能省略。
引导同位语从句的连接词有：that, whether, what, wh, whm, whse, when, where, hw等。
Lily asked me the questin whether the nvel was wrth reading.
2. whether引导同位语从句，意为“是否”，不能用if代替。
They were surprised at the news that theirteam had wn.
3. 连接代词和连接副词引导同位语从句，在从句中作成分。
1. 间隔式同位语从句同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，有些情况下，同位语从句和名词被其他词隔开。
①Wrd came that the cncert had been put ff.②An idea ccurred t her that she culd try anther way.
2. 在某些名词(如demand, suggestin, wish, advice, request, prpsal, rder等)后的同位语从句谓语动词用“shuld+动词原形”，shuld可以省略。
①We fllwed his advice that we (shuld) turn t ur teacher fr help.②We all agreed t his suggestin that we (shuld) g t Beijing fr sightseeing. ③I can understand their wishes that they (shuld) have a hliday.
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴
同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴
The news that ur team has wn the game is true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)
The news that he tld me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句, news在从句中作tld的宾语)
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hpe, belief, suggestin, prpsal, wrd, thught, dubt, truth, pssibility, prmise, rder等抽象名词
定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句
①He tld me the news that he wuld cme hme frm abrad sn.②Wrd came that he had been abrad. ③Our team has wn the game, which made us very happy.
引导同位语从句的词有:that, whether, what, wh, whm, whse, when, where, hw等。
that引导同位语从句时只起连接作用，无具体意义，在从句中不作成分，不能用which代替，且不能省略。
有些引导词如hw, whether, what不能引导定语从句。
that引导定语从句时，不但起连接作用，而且在从句中作成分，作宾语时可以省略
The rder that we shuld send a few peple t help the ther grups was received yesterday. (同位语从句，是对rder的具体解释，that虽不作成分, 但不能省略)
The rder that we received yesterday was that we shuld send a few peple t help the ther grups. (定语从句, 是名词rder的修饰语, that在从句中作received的宾语, 可以省略)
The news that we had successfully sent up anther cmmunicatin satellite spread thrughut the wrld.2. Please tell me the reasn why yu missed the plane. 3. That’s the best piece f news I’ve heard.
判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。
4. Is there any hpe that he will be hme at 7:30? 5. The pssibility that yu referred t desn’t exist at all.6. The fact that we talked abut is very imprtant.7. There is a strng pssibility that we may be in France fr the next week.
1. Hw d yung peple decide n a career? I want t knw. (bject clause) 2. Des she have enugh time t cmplete s many tasks? This is her dubt. (predicative clause) 3. The careers adviser suggests that peple shuld think carefully befre chsing a jb. The suggestin is useful. (appsitive clause) 4. Where will my uncle pen his new restaurant? It remains t be seen. (subject clause)
Rewrite the fllwing sentences using nun clauses accrding t the requirements in the brackets.
1. Hw d yung peple decide n a career? I want t knw. (bject clause) 2. Des she have enugh time t cmplete s many tasks? This is her dubt. (predicative clause)
I want t knw hw yung peple decide n a career.
Her dubt is whether she has enugh time t cmplete s many tasks.
3. The careers adviser suggests that peple shuld think carefully befre chsing a jb. The suggestin is useful. (appsitive clause) 4. Where will my uncle pen his new restaurant? It remains t be seen. (subject clause)
The careers adviser’s suggestin that peple shuld think carefully befre chsing a jb is useful.
It remains t be seen where my uncle will pen his new restaurant./Where my uncle will pen his new restaurant remains t be seen.
The passage belw gives tips n hw t start a business. Cmplete it with prper linking wrds t frm nun clauses.
Max is talking t his friend Kate abut starting his wn business. In pairs, cmplete the cnversatin belw using nun clauses.
what business yu want t run?
whether it is wrth entering.
What they said
Pssible answers:
1. Rme can be pricey fr travelers, which is ______ many chse t stay in a hstel (旅社). [2021新高考I卷阅读理解A] 2. It is ur hpe ________ in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study _____ peple manage their lives. [2021年新高考I卷阅读理解D]3. _______ is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes. [2021年新高考I卷语言运用第二节]
4. “The big messages frm this study is _____ there is anther species(物种)ut there that is meaningful in its cmmunicatin, s that’s nt unique t humans,” said Dr Hbaiter. [2021年1月浙江卷阅读理解C]5. The main cncern here is the amunt f energy that ges int the making f new prducts and _______________ that extra carbn is wrth the ftprint the prduct will make nce it gets t yu. [2021八省联考阅读理解B]6. He tries t make the audience believe _______ he has the pwer t d things which are against the laws f nature. [2021八省联考阅读理解C]
whether r nt
7. But I recently came acrss a study that shws w_____ his apprach wrks. [2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D]8. It’s still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt _____ the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day. [2021全国卷甲卷阅读理解B]
10. The students cmpleted this experiment t make cme true ______ Prfessr Jseph had said. A. that B. what C. when D. where [2020 天津卷]
9. It is nt a prblem ______ we can win the battle; it's just a matter f time. A. whether B. why C. when D. where [2020 江苏卷]
11. Over thusands f years, they began t depend less n _______ culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn. [2020 浙江卷]
12. Scientists have btained mre evidence ______ plastic is finding its way int the human bdy. A. what B. that C. which D. where [2019 江苏卷]13. ______ students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than ______ they g. [2019 北京卷]
I.用适当的连接词完成句子。
1. _______ he said left me thinking f my future carefully. 2. It is well knwn t us ______ Canada has tw fficial languages: English and French. 3. My uncle is ppsed t repairing the ld huse, and that’s __________ I dn’t agree. 4. Paul hasn’t made the decisin as t _________ he will g t China fr further study next year.5. They want t make it clear ________ histric sites are an imprtant part f a culture.
6. _________ impressed me mst n the trip t Yunnan was that the peple there were friendly t thers. 7. One f the mst exciting mments in my life was ________ I was given the special prize. 8. There is slid evidence _________ peple wh have a purpse in life appear t be better. 9. There is n dubt _________ nwadays peple put mre and mre emphasis n gd health.10. ________ gains the mst pints wins the cmpetitin.
What we all knw is 1._________ ne f the aims f UNESCO is t prtect and preserve cultural and natural heritage. Our heritage is a precius gift frm the past, and it is als 2._________ we live with tday. I believe 3.__________ sme f yu may have visited Munt Tai and Munt Huang, r have been t Jiuzhaigu Natinal Park. Many peple just find it unbelievable 4.__________ such beautiful places exist in this wrld. 5.__________ impresses visitrs abut these sites is their amazing beauty.
II.用适当的词完成短文。
Self-evaluatin
1. Can yu figure ut the grammaticalfunctins f nun clauses in a sentence?2. Can yu use nun clauses crrectly?
1. I think it's interesting.2. The fact is that we have lst the game.3. Whether she cmes r nt makes n difference.4. It is nt knwn what caused the wildfire.5. I heard the news that ur team had wn．
as the bject
as the subject
as the predicative
as the appsitive
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
Object clause
Predicative clause
Appsitive clause
Subject clause
Check yur answers!
As yu start t make plans fr what yu want t d with yur future, ...
Als, yu will need t make sure any lans yu have are repaid n time.
Anther advantage is that yu will be able t better prvide fr yurself and yur family.
..., yu might ask a questin whether yu shuld start yur wn business.
It is n surprise that being ne’s wn bss is appealing t many peple.
Fcus n 基本用法
Nun Clauses as the subject (主语从句)
在复合句中，如作主语的是一个从句，该从句被称为主语从句。
That she was beautiful was plain t everyne.
Hw a bk will sell depends much n the reviewer(评论者).
Whether he'll cme hasn't been decided.
= It hasn't been decided whether he'll cme.
① That the earth mves arund the sun is well knwn.
② Whether he will cme r nt is nt knwn yet.
that, whether
④ Which ne is the best is nt clear.
① Wh will be sent there has nt been decided.② Whse the mney is desn’t cncern me.
③What yu need is mre practice.
wh, whse, what, which, whever, whatever, whichever等
⑤ Whever cmes first will get a free bk.
⑥ Whatever he did was right.
⑦ Whichever team gains the mst pints wins.
①When they will cme hasn't been made public.
② Where he has gne is a questin.
③ Why there is gravity is hard t understand.
④ Hw he can earn a living in Britain remains a big prblem.
when, where, why, hw
① That he speaks English s well surprises all f us.
② That she became an artist may have been due t her father's influence.
1.that在主语从句中不充当任何成分，也无意 义，只起连接作用，不能省略。
① It's uncertain whether/if he'll cme this evening.
2.whether和if: whether与if 引导主语从句， 位于句中有时可换用。
② It was dubtful whether/if Tm really saw Sharn.
1.① Whether we'll g camping tmrrw depends n the weather.
② It makes n difference whether yu will g tday r tmrrw.
2.① Whether r nt he will cme still remains a questin.
② Whether we'll succeed remains t be seen.
1.主语从句位于句首时；
2.从句后有r或紧跟r nt时
③ Why he didn't attend the meeting wasn't clear.
3.连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己 的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中 充当某种成分。
④ When the plane will take ff has nt been annunced.
① Wh will cme t teach us is nt knwn.
② What hurt my feelings was the judge's cmment.
② What we need are mre bks.
① Wh wn the match is still unknwn.
主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
① What she lacks is experience.
what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由后面的表语决定。
② What yu said is perfectly true.
certain clear imprtant necessary prbable pssible
主语从句常用it作形式主语放句首,从句为真正的主语，放在句末，使句子更平衡。
+that – clause
1. It+be+形容词+that从句
① It is certain that she will d well in her exam.
可以肯定的是，她会在考试中做得很好。
② It is prbable that he tld me everything.
他可能把一切都告诉我了。
③ It is natural that they shuld have different views.
他们有不同观点是很自然的。
④ It is strange that he knws nthing abut it.
很奇怪他对此竟一无所知。
2. It + be + 名词词组 + that从句
pity shame duty
① It is a pity that he missed such a gd chance.
It is / was a
+ that – clause
② It is a shame that yu're sick.
很遗憾他错过了这么好的机会。
3. It + be + v-ed + that从句
said reprted thught hped believed knwn
① It is said that he is the best student in the class.
② It is thught that Je drives badly.
据说他是班上最好的学生。
人们认为乔开车开得不好。
① It seems that Alice is nt cming t the party at all.
② It happened that I was ut that day.
③ It appears t me that yu dn’t want t cme t the party.
4. It + seem, happen, appear等不及物动词 + that从句
爱丽丝似乎根本不会来参加晚会。
在我看来，你不想来参加聚会。
Lines frm the film Kung Fu Panda
1. Whmever I chse will nt nly bring peace t the valley, but als t yu.
2. It is said that the Dragn Warrir can survive fr mnths at a time n nthing but the dew f a single Gingk leaf and the energy f the universe.
Observe and find subject clauses
在复合句中，如作宾语的是一个从句，该从句被称为宾语从句。
I dn't care whether he is rich r nt.
I've made it clear I will never g back there.
Nun Clauses as the bject ( 宾语从句)
I think that yu are right.
that（在口语或非正式文体中常省略）
I wnder if/whether they will have the races again next year.
whether, if (在口语中常用if)
Culd yu please tell me where the restrms are?
wh, what, which, when, where, hw, why
由that引导的陈述性的宾语从句
由连词if/whether引导的宾语从句
由wh-引导的宾语从句
在动词不定式之前只能用whether。
在whether…r nt 的固定搭配中
在介词后，只能用whether。
宾语从句放在句首表示强调时
Please tell us whether t g r stay here.
I dn't knw whether r nt I can cme.
We wrried abut whether he was in gd health.
Whether it is true r nt, I can't tell.
(1) 动词 + it + that从句，常见于take, have, put等动词之后。
I take it that he will finish the task by himself. 我认为他能自己完成这项任务。
(2) 动词 + it + when / if从句，常见于appreciate, enjy, like, prefer等动词之后。
We really appreciate it if yu culd d us a favur. 如果您能帮助我们，我们会很感激。
He made it knwn t everyne that he was right. 他让每个人都明白他是对的。
(3) 动词 + it + 介词短语 + that从句，常见于we it t sb, take it fr granted等结构中。
We we it t yu that we are still alive. 多亏有你，我们还活着。
(5) 动词 + it + V-ed + 从句
(4) 动词 + 介词+ it + that从句，常见于lk t, depend n, insist n, stick t, answer fr等结构中。
She insisted n it that she was inncent. 她坚持说自己是无辜的。
(1)主句是现在的时态， 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
(2)主句是过去的某种时态， 从句一定要用过去的某种时态。
Des anyne knw where I can find a hme?
We didn't knw why she had missed the flight.
注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时, 不管主句是什么时态, 从句都要用一般现在时。He said that light travels much faster than sund.
① I knw yu are nt the dragn warrir.② I dn't knw if I can d all f thse mves.③ I dn't understand what master Ogway was thinking.
名词性从句作宾语时，前面的that经常被省略，特别是在非正式文体中更是如此。
Observe and find bject clauses
The fact is that he has nt been seen recently. My suggestin is that we shuld turn the land int rice fields.
在复合句中，如作表语的是一个从句，该从句被称为表语从句。
Nun Clauses as the predicative ( 表语从句)
系动词+表语构成系表结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
读下面的句子，关注并回忆常见的系动词有哪些：
常见的系动词有：be动词: _________________________________感官动词: _______________________________“变得词”: _______________________________“持续词”: _______________________________
1. William is excited abut his prmtin.2. She appears upset abut the annuncement.3. The eggs smell rtten.4. Yur plans fr the wedding sund nice.5. Yu lk exhausted after studying all night.6. Bb felt sleepy after eating the whle pizza.7. The audience fell silent when the cnductr walked n stage.8. The theater gets dark when the shw is abut t begin.9. The stre stays pen until late n Thursdays.
am, is, are, was, were
feel, lk, smell, sund, taste, seem, ...
get, becme, turn, grw, fall, ...
remain, keep, stay, ...
① The mst imprtant thing is that we finish the final task.② The questin is whether we can finish it in such a shrt time.③ The reasn why he was late is that he gt up late.
that& whether
用法归纳：a. that引导表语从句时，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，有/没有意义。b. whether引导表语从句时，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，通常翻译为“______”。注意:引导表语从句时通常不用if。
c. 注意下面这个结构：The reasn why ... is / was that ...
① She is nt wh she was.② Exercise is what keeps us healthy.③ The winner will be whever slves that prblem.④ My part will be whatever yu give t me.
用法归纳：连接代词引导表语从句时，既起______作用，又作句子成分(通常作__________________等)。
wh, whm, whse, which, what, whatever, whever, whichever, ...
① The huse is where Lu Xun nce lived.② Tmrrw is when it wuld be the mst cnvenient.③ By bat is the nly way t get here, which is hw we arrived.④ That's why yu shuld push yurself.⑤ The best time t start is whenever yu are ready.
用法归纳：连接副词引导表语从句时，既起______作用，又作句子成分（通常作______）。
where, when, hw, why, whenever, wherever, ...
① That’s because we were in need f mney at that time. ② He lked as if he was ging t cry.③ It lked as thugh it might rain at any minute.
because, as if, as thugh, ...
如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示 “建议”或者“命令”之类的词如advice, suggestin, prpsal, rder, plan, idea等, 那么从句中的动词通常用(shuld)+动词原形。
My suggestin is that we all ___________ (take) an active part in the cming sprts meet. 2. His prpsal was that the wrk _________________ (finish) in five hurs.
(shuld) be finished
(shuld) take
① Master, let us stp Tai Lung. This is what yu've trained us fr.②Yesterday is histry, tmrrw is a mystery, but tday is a gift. That is why it is called the “present”. ③ This is where Ogway unraveled the mysteries f harmny and fcus. This is the birth place f Kung Fu.④ Yu gt t let g f the stuff frm past -because it just desn't matter. The nly thing that matters is what yu chse t be nw.
Observe and find predicative clauses
在复合句中，从句作某一名词的同位语，对该名词作进一步解释说明，该从句被称为同位语从句。
The news that ur ftball team wn the match was encuraging.
Nun Clauses as the appsitive ( 同位语从句)
①The fact that we cannt travel faster than light means that it will take a lng time t reach thse planets.②He can't answer the questin hw he gt the mney.③I have n idea where he cmes frm.
同位语从句常放在抽象名词，如fact, idea, news, infrmatin, rder, belief, suggestin, reply, answer, thught等之后，以具体说明这些词的含义。
1. that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，无具体意义，不能省略。
引导同位语从句的连接词有：that, whether, what, wh, whm, whse, when, where, hw等。
Lily asked me the questin whether the nvel was wrth reading.
2. whether引导同位语从句，意为“是否”，不能用if代替。
They were surprised at the news that theirteam had wn.
3. 连接代词和连接副词引导同位语从句，在从句中作成分。
1. 间隔式同位语从句同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，有些情况下，同位语从句和名词被其他词隔开。
①Wrd came that the cncert had been put ff.②An idea ccurred t her that she culd try anther way.
2. 在某些名词(如demand, suggestin, wish, advice, request, prpsal, rder等)后的同位语从句谓语动词用“shuld+动词原形”，shuld可以省略。
①We fllwed his advice that we (shuld) turn t ur teacher fr help.②We all agreed t his suggestin that we (shuld) g t Beijing fr sightseeing. ③I can understand their wishes that they (shuld) have a hliday.
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴
同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴
The news that ur team has wn the game is true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)
The news that he tld me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句, news在从句中作tld的宾语)
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hpe, belief, suggestin, prpsal, wrd, thught, dubt, truth, pssibility, prmise, rder等抽象名词
定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句
①He tld me the news that he wuld cme hme frm abrad sn.②Wrd came that he had been abrad. ③Our team has wn the game, which made us very happy.
引导同位语从句的词有:that, whether, what, wh, whm, whse, when, where, hw等。
that引导同位语从句时只起连接作用，无具体意义，在从句中不作成分，不能用which代替，且不能省略。
有些引导词如hw, whether, what不能引导定语从句。
that引导定语从句时，不但起连接作用，而且在从句中作成分，作宾语时可以省略
The rder that we shuld send a few peple t help the ther grups was received yesterday. (同位语从句，是对rder的具体解释，that虽不作成分, 但不能省略)
The rder that we received yesterday was that we shuld send a few peple t help the ther grups. (定语从句, 是名词rder的修饰语, that在从句中作received的宾语, 可以省略)
The news that we had successfully sent up anther cmmunicatin satellite spread thrughut the wrld.2. Please tell me the reasn why yu missed the plane. 3. That’s the best piece f news I’ve heard.
判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。
4. Is there any hpe that he will be hme at 7:30? 5. The pssibility that yu referred t desn’t exist at all.6. The fact that we talked abut is very imprtant.7. There is a strng pssibility that we may be in France fr the next week.
1. Hw d yung peple decide n a career? I want t knw. (bject clause) 2. Des she have enugh time t cmplete s many tasks? This is her dubt. (predicative clause) 3. The careers adviser suggests that peple shuld think carefully befre chsing a jb. The suggestin is useful. (appsitive clause) 4. Where will my uncle pen his new restaurant? It remains t be seen. (subject clause)
Rewrite the fllwing sentences using nun clauses accrding t the requirements in the brackets.
1. Hw d yung peple decide n a career? I want t knw. (bject clause) 2. Des she have enugh time t cmplete s many tasks? This is her dubt. (predicative clause)
I want t knw hw yung peple decide n a career.
Her dubt is whether she has enugh time t cmplete s many tasks.
3. The careers adviser suggests that peple shuld think carefully befre chsing a jb. The suggestin is useful. (appsitive clause) 4. Where will my uncle pen his new restaurant? It remains t be seen. (subject clause)
The careers adviser’s suggestin that peple shuld think carefully befre chsing a jb is useful.
It remains t be seen where my uncle will pen his new restaurant./Where my uncle will pen his new restaurant remains t be seen.
The passage belw gives tips n hw t start a business. Cmplete it with prper linking wrds t frm nun clauses.
Max is talking t his friend Kate abut starting his wn business. In pairs, cmplete the cnversatin belw using nun clauses.
what business yu want t run?
whether it is wrth entering.
What they said
Pssible answers:
1. Rme can be pricey fr travelers, which is ______ many chse t stay in a hstel (旅社). [2021新高考I卷阅读理解A] 2. It is ur hpe ________ in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study _____ peple manage their lives. [2021年新高考I卷阅读理解D]3. _______ is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes. [2021年新高考I卷语言运用第二节]
4. “The big messages frm this study is _____ there is anther species(物种)ut there that is meaningful in its cmmunicatin, s that’s nt unique t humans,” said Dr Hbaiter. [2021年1月浙江卷阅读理解C]5. The main cncern here is the amunt f energy that ges int the making f new prducts and _______________ that extra carbn is wrth the ftprint the prduct will make nce it gets t yu. [2021八省联考阅读理解B]6. He tries t make the audience believe _______ he has the pwer t d things which are against the laws f nature. [2021八省联考阅读理解C]
whether r nt
7. But I recently came acrss a study that shws w_____ his apprach wrks. [2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D]8. It’s still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt _____ the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day. [2021全国卷甲卷阅读理解B]
10. The students cmpleted this experiment t make cme true ______ Prfessr Jseph had said. A. that B. what C. when D. where [2020 天津卷]
9. It is nt a prblem ______ we can win the battle; it's just a matter f time. A. whether B. why C. when D. where [2020 江苏卷]
11. Over thusands f years, they began t depend less n _______ culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn. [2020 浙江卷]
12. Scientists have btained mre evidence ______ plastic is finding its way int the human bdy. A. what B. that C. which D. where [2019 江苏卷]13. ______ students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than ______ they g. [2019 北京卷]
I.用适当的连接词完成句子。
1. _______ he said left me thinking f my future carefully. 2. It is well knwn t us ______ Canada has tw fficial languages: English and French. 3. My uncle is ppsed t repairing the ld huse, and that’s __________ I dn’t agree. 4. Paul hasn’t made the decisin as t _________ he will g t China fr further study next year.5. They want t make it clear ________ histric sites are an imprtant part f a culture.
6. _________ impressed me mst n the trip t Yunnan was that the peple there were friendly t thers. 7. One f the mst exciting mments in my life was ________ I was given the special prize. 8. There is slid evidence _________ peple wh have a purpse in life appear t be better. 9. There is n dubt _________ nwadays peple put mre and mre emphasis n gd health.10. ________ gains the mst pints wins the cmpetitin.
What we all knw is 1._________ ne f the aims f UNESCO is t prtect and preserve cultural and natural heritage. Our heritage is a precius gift frm the past, and it is als 2._________ we live with tday. I believe 3.__________ sme f yu may have visited Munt Tai and Munt Huang, r have been t Jiuzhaigu Natinal Park. Many peple just find it unbelievable 4.__________ such beautiful places exist in this wrld. 5.__________ impresses visitrs abut these sites is their amazing beauty.
II.用适当的词完成短文。
Self-evaluatin
1. Can yu figure ut the grammaticalfunctins f nun clauses in a sentence?2. Can yu use nun clauses crrectly?
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