2022中考英语专题复习阅读理解（主旨大意）课件

这是一份2022中考英语专题复习阅读理解（主旨大意）课件，共33页。PPT课件主要包含了阅读理解主要题型，文章主旨大意 ，段落主旨大意 ，选标题， 段落大意， 文章大意，注意反复出现的词，没有主题句怎么办，归纳总结， 4 关注时间顺序等内容，欢迎下载使用。


2. 词义猜测题（T guess the wrd meanings)
细节理解题（T lk fr details)
4. 逻辑推理题（T infer a cnclusin)
3.主旨大意题（T find ut the main ideas)
The main questin types
1). 主旨大意类 (tpic、main idea )The main idea f the passage is…What is the passage mainly abut?Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea f the passage?What is the first/secnd paragraph mainly abut?2). 标题类( title)The best title fr the passage might be…What can be a suitable title fr the text?
扶绥县龙华中学FUSUIXIANLONGHUAZHONGXUE
主旨大意题 ( 段 落大意）
解题技巧：“一定，二找， 三比较”
命题形式: What is the first/secnd/last paragraph mainly abut?
【典型例题】Passage 1：(2019·义乌模拟) Which hand d yu use when write? Abut 8 t 15 percent f peple are left handed. They ften have t use tls that are designed fr right-handed peple. S it is difficult fr left-handers t use mst tls. If yu are right handed,try this experiment:Take a knife with yur left hand and try cutting a ptat int pieces. Dn't be surprised if yu feel awkward（别扭的）. In the past,peple thught it was strange t use the left hand. Yung students lked dwn upn their left-handed classmates. Sme children were even punished fr using their left hand t write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almst every schl in the wrld,left-handed students can use their left hand t write.
（ ）What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?A. Causes f being left handed. B. Encuragement t left-handersC. Punishment fr using the left hand. D. Changes in pinins n left-handers.
一定： 通过题干关键词 定位答案区间二找： 用定位词在答案区间找信息句三比较： 将信息句与选项比较
【典型例题】 Passage 2 (2020重庆) … … Such rbts culd be especially useful fr patients with Alzheimer's disease(老年痴呆症）. They can help with everyday activities frm preparing fd t reminding(提醒） the patients f taking their medicine. They can als play games with patients t keep them active. … …
The main idea f Paragraph 3 the rbts can d B.what serius prblems the rbts causeC.what the ld peple can dD.what the ld peple think f the rbts
主旨大意题 ( 文章大意）
解题技巧： “主题句定位法” （1）抓住主题句。 （2）抓住段落大意。
命题形式: What is passage mainly abut?The main idea f the passage is…
Types Of Paragraph Structures
At the beginning
In the middle
N clear tpic sentence
jin the beginning t the end
【典型例题】 Passage 1 (2021天津) Peple depend n plants. We use plants fr fd, clth, shelter(住处），and even the air we breathe(呼吸）. Plants keep ur air and water clean. Green plants give us xygen(氧气）. Oxygen is part f the air we breathe. Plants are als part f the water cycle(水循环). Mst f the water that a plant takes in ges back int the air. Plants give us a lt f the fd n the earth. Fruits, vegetables, and grains(谷物）cme frm plants. Withut plants,we wuld nt havebread,rice,carrts,apples, ranges, r bananas! Many peple are grwing plants t eat in their wn gardens at hme. Having yur wngarden helps the earth as well. ……
( )What is the passage mainly abut? A. A Different Place B. The Uses f Plants C. Fd n the Earth D. Gardens at Hme
开门见山式：主题句出现在文首
主题句定位——文章的首句
【典型例题】 Passage 2 (2019重庆) Paper cut can be seen in many parts f China during the Spring Festival. Peple put it n windws, drs and walls fr the festival. A thusand years ag, paper cut was used fr decratin (装饰). In Tang Dynasty wmen used paper cut as headdress. In Sng Dynasty, it helped make girls mre beautiful. What's mre, peple wuld feel happier when they saw paper cut n windws, drs and walls. There are different kinds f paper cut in different parts f China. Pictures usually cver nearly all things, frm flwers. birds t the famus peple. Nw, there are factries fr paper cut in China. Paper cut has changed frm decratin t a kind f art.
( ).This passage is mainly B. TV prgrams C. paper cut D. hair cut
1.开门见山式:：主题句常是一个段落的开头，开门见山,提出主题,其后的句子则是论证性细节。在议论文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式, 关注反复出现的词。
【典型例题】 Passage 3 (2020泰安A篇节选) In September 2006,Ren set up a tea cmpany. He hired(雇佣）pr farmers frm neighbring areas t pick tea leaves. Prfessinal technicians (技师）were invited t teach the farmers hw t d their jbs scientifically. The cmpany taught them hw t manage their trees and prduce the best tea. As a result, their tea quality has greatly imprved, and the price has gne up. In this way, the tea cmpany has helped many peple get ut f pverty.
( ) What is the paragraph mainly abut?Hw the farmers picked tea leaves.B. Hw Ren helped develp the lcal tea industry.C. Why Ren wanted t help the farmers.D. What Ren did fr the prfessinal technicians.
藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾
主题句定位——文章/段落的尾句
【典型例题】 Passage 4 (2021重庆) A 12-year-ld girl frm Virginia, US, never thught that a simple message she put nline culd bring her big prblems. She psted the wrds, “Killing. Meet me in the library Tuesday", with three emjis(表情符号) f a gun,a knife and a bmb(炸弹 ) n Instagram, a scial media(社交媒体). She was tld that she brke the law because f threatening(威胁) her schl. This prblem is nt far away frm us. Nt lng ag, NiHanxiang, a Chinese student at a university in the US, was sent back t China after expressing n scial media that he culd kill his teachers if he failed t pass his exams But nt knwing the law desnt mean the law will treat yu any differently if yu break it, "says David AllenGreen, a lawyer frm the UK. S, d yu think we’ d better spend a minute r tw thinking abut the wrds r emjis we use n scial media befre we press "send"?
( ) This passage mainly wants t tell us shuldn't break the US law if we study at a university in the USB.students and singers shuldn't pst wrds r emjis n scial mediaC.we shuld be careful when we send wrds r emjis n scial mediaD.students shuld study hard at schl and nt use the Internet t much
2.藏头露尾式:主题句会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 阐述细节,然后归纳要点,得出结论,概括主题, 即文章的主题。此为藏头露尾式。
【典型例题】 Passage 5 (2017重庆B卷) China has been famus arud the wrld since ancient times. In the past, we had the Fur Great Inventins. Nwadays, mre inventins and creatins have made China strnger and greater in the wrld. On May 5th, 2017, at Shanghai Pudng Internatinal Airprt, China's first large hmemade Jet airliner(喷气式客机), the C919, tk ff successfully fr the first time. It has taken abut ten years fr the scientists and researches t make this Chinese dream cme true. China has made great prgress in bth science and technlgy. And it makes a great cntributin(贡献 )t humans, t. All f these are changing the daily life f Chinese peple, even f the peple arund the wrld.
( )The passage mainly wants t tell Chinese scientists are better at science and technlgy than befreB.the Fur Great Inventins make China strng and great in the wrldC.China has increased the internatinal influence with its develpmentD.China has prduced the new high-speed trains with the speed f 400 km/h
首尾呼应式：主题句出现在文首/尾 主题句定位——首尾呼应
【典型例题】 Passage 6 (2021遵义) ①Chemistry is everywhere in ur daily life. Smetimes it's easy t see. At ther times, it can be very hard t see the everyday chemistry at wrk, but nearly everything yu tuch has sme chemicals(化学物质）in it. ②Chemistry helps t make prducts fr use. … ③Chemistry als helps us understand the wrld arund us. Thanks t chemistry, we knw bleach(漂白剂）can't be mixed with vinegar(醋)… ④Chemistry plays a big rle in fd preparatin. …. ⑤Chemistry isn't smething that just lives in a labratry; it's smething that yu meet hundreds f times in life. Knwing hw chemistry wrks will give yu a greater understanding f the life.
What's the main idea f the passage?Chemistry and fd. B. Chemistry arund the wrld.C. Chemistry and prducts. D. Chemistry in everyday life.
3.首尾呼应式:在有些文章中,为了突出主题,文章开头提出主题, 接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点名主题，进一步步深化主题.注意：前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。
Passage 7 In the wrld tday, all f the peple need recreatin（消遣）. We can nt wrk all the time if we are ging t keep healthy and enjy life. Everyne has his wn way f relaxing. Perhaps the mst ppular frm is t take part in sprts. There are team sprts, such as basketball and ftball. There are als individual（个人的） sprts, such as swimming and running. Skating and muntain climbing are the mst ppular recreatin fr peple wh like t be utdr（室外的）. Nt everyne wh enjys sprts likes t take part in them. Many peple like watching them n TV r listening t them n the radi. S many peple like sme frms f indr recreatin, such as watching TV, singing and dancing. It desn’t matter whether we like indr recreatin r take part in utdr sprts. It is imprtant fr everyne t relax frm time t time, and enjy sme frms f recreatin.
( ) The passage tells us that .A. basketball is a kind f team sprts B. everyne wh enjys sprts shuld take part in themC. different peple have different ways f relaxingD. indr recreatin is nt as imprtant as utdr sprts
【典型例题】 Passage 8 (2015重庆A) In April this year, lts f bags full f small change(零钱)were seen at bus stps in Tianjin. They were made fr passengers t turn their ntes int small change. And such an idea came frm fur students frm Zhngbei MiddleSchl, Tianiin. “Peple will surely feel wrried when they take a bus withut cins. We just want t d smething t help them.”said Wang Yngcun, 15, ne f the fur students. The fur bys spent their whle weekend making the change bags. After that they went t see the number f the passengers at each bus stp near their schl, and then chse the tp six stps t put the bags. The fur bys feel very happy because they have dne smething gd fr the passengers. Their warm hearts are mving. Mre and mre peple are beginning t jin in the activity.
( ).What's the main idea f this passage? A.Making change bags is difficult B.Pcket mney can be helpful. C.Giving help brings us happiness. D. Every cin has tw sides
藏龙卧虎式：无主题句
4．藏龙卧虎式： 即主题句隐含在全文当中，这种文章没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，思考这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,最后加以归纳形成主题。
1. 找高频词/中心词/主题词（名词，动词）
3. 关注设问句的回答
2. 在文章中间找fr example，fr instance，hwever，but，it is true 等词，其前后很可能会给出主题
【典型例题】 Passage 9 （2020杭州B卷） Traffic lights are red, yellw and green. They are very imprtant signals(信号). Traffic lights are usually placed at busy street crners t help cntrl traffic. Smetimes, they are n streets near schls and shps, t. Mst yung children are taught what each f the clred lights means, s everybdy can stay safe. The first traffic signals were used fr trains. The signals were put alngside railway tracks(轨道）。The clr red was used t mean “stp” because it warned peple f danger. A red light was als the easiest clr t see frm a distance. Train drivers culd see the red “stp” light ahead and had enugh time t slw dwn and stp their trains. A green light was used t mean “take care” and a white meant “g”.
What is the passage mainly abut?The advantages f traffic lights. B. The histry f traffic lights.C. The imprtance f traffic lights. D. The meanings f traffic lights.
Hwever, there were many dangerus accidents n the train tracks. Sme train drivers thught a star shining in the night sky was a white light that meant “g”。 S the signals were swapped. The “g” light was changed t green and the “take care” light was changed t white. During these times, peple travelled by train r in carts pulled by hrses. Years later, when cars were built, peple began t drive them because they culd travel much faster than hrses. Hwever, the rad rules fr drivers were nt very clear and many peple were hurt crssing the rads. Yellw warning signs had t be placed beside the rads t remind drivers t take care and allw peple t crss safely. Tday, twns and cities all ver the wrld have traffic lights. Red and green lights match the signals used n the railways. Yellw lights are easy t see, s they are used t warn drivers that they shuld slve dwn and prepare t stp.
主旨大意题 ( 文章标题）
解题技巧：“选帽原则 ” 像帽子一样，大小合适才行。 要简洁、突出、新颖。标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点
命题形式: (1)What can be a suitable title fr the text? (2)The best title fr the passage can be？
【典型例题】 Passage 1 (2019重庆A卷) Imagine a wrld with n mre wild animals: n elephants, n tigers r lins. Tsme peple, that thught is t terrible fr wrds. S they are ding smethingabut it. Tiffany Sechting is ne f them. Being amng wild animals-feeding them and caring fr them- is all TiffafanySechting has wanted t d with her life. And that is exactly what she des! Sechting is the human "mther"t the 500 animals that live n her family wildlifefarm in San Antni Texas ( )The best title f the passage may be “____________ ”? A.Hw t Save Wild Animals B.Sechting and Her Wild Animals C.Tw Reticulated Giraffes D.A wrld Withut Wild Animals
方法1 关注核心及高频词汇
【典型例题】 Passage 2 (2019贵港) There are many ways t help imprve yur health like eating healthy fd，taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way t imprve yur health is just t sleep eight hurs r mre every night The prblem with sleep is that mre and mre peple in the wrld are nt sleeping enugh. Accrding t the Wrld Health Organizatin ver half the peple in the wrld may be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep nt nly makes peple feel tired but als causes What is the best title f the passage?A．The Ways f Eating Less B．The Value f StudyC．The Value f Sleep D．The Ways f Making Mney
【典型例题】 Passage 3 (2018重庆A卷) Gardening is ppular in many parts f the wrld.It brings us sweetsmelling flwers, fresh fruit and vegetables. But yu can get mre frmyur garden. --- Gardening helps t keep healthy.----. Gardening is a great way t meet peple and build relatinships. Whenyu are gardening, yu are utdrs. S it is a perfect time t cmmunicatewith yur neighbrs. Mst peple lve t talk abut their hbbies,and s dgardeners． ( )The best title f the passage may be“________”. A.Outdr Activities B.Healthy Eating Habits C. Advantages f Gardening D. Relatinships with Neighbrs
方法2 根据主题句提炼标题
【典型例题】 Passage 4 (2019重庆B卷) When Tim was a by, he met a girl named Rse. They became clsefriends because they bth dreamed f ging t Befre lng,they gt married and mved t the ld huse where they first met. Theylived a happy life there and decided t save mney fr their dream tWnderland Living in the huse alne, Tim missed Rse s much andwuld ften think f the dream they nce shared... He bught thusands fballns t help his husey in the sky. Then he started, flying t Wnderland.In the end. Tim realized his dream. ( ).The best title f the passage may be“ __________”. A.Fly t Wnderland B.An Exciting Trip C.Share the Same Dream D.An Old Huse
方法2 根据主题句提炼标题
【典型例题】 Passage 5 (2020重庆B卷） Facial recgnitin technlgy(人脸识别技术) is widely used tday. Fr example, plice use it t search fr bad guys. It's als used t unlck phnes r drs. Nw, a similar technlgy, knwn as facial detectin(探测), is entering a new field: the business f advertising(广告）。 Such systems are ging thrugh tests in a small number f stres. One facial detectin system can judge a persn's “happiness” r “fear” level. That helps businesses see hw peple feel as they lk at prducts r advertisements in the stre. Anther system can detect whether smene is wearing eyeglasses. If s, stres can send advertisements fr new glasses t him. ( ) The best title f the passage may be________. A. Facial Recgnitin Technlgy Entering a New Field B. Facial Recgnitin Technlgy Lking fr Bad Guys C. Facial Detectin Technlgy Ging int Advertising Field D. Facial Detectin Technlgy Imprving Buyers' Experience
Facial detectin technlgy is als placed inside sme large advertising bards. Cameras in thse bards can detect infrmatin like peple's ages and five levels f feelings-frm “very happy” t “very unhappy”。 Supprters f the technlgy say it culd imprve buyers' experience by shwing prducts they might like r by ffering them prducts at lwer prices. Sme are against the idea f using such systems. Pam Dixn, the head f a privacy(隐私）grup, is ne f them. She thinks the strange actins may cause smething unfair. Fr example, a business culd raise the price f a prduct accrding t a persn's age and feelings. Hwever, ne stre testing the technlgy explained they wuldn't stre peple's infrmatin like names r ages. And the advertising bard system maker said it didn't keep any persnal infrmatin r recrd any vides.
★★根据标题的特点（概括性、针对性、醒目性）排除干扰项