南京市英语中考一模解析练习题

这是一份南京市英语中考一模解析练习题，共27页。

江苏省南京市2020年中考英语模拟卷
选择填空
1.—Can you remember when Peppa Pig became so popular?
—Well, I only remember it was ________ Monday that almost all my friends started to be crazy about it.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你还记得小猪佩奇什么时候变得这么受欢迎吗？——我只记得那是一个星期一，我所有的朋友都开始为它疯狂。
本题考查冠词。a一个，修饰辅音音素开头的单数名词；an一个，修饰元音音素开头的单数名词；the那个，表示特指；D项是零冠词。此处表示泛指一个星期一，Monday是辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a修饰。故选A。
2.The research and development of high-technology will be of much more ________ to Chinese companies after this trade case.
A. gift B. trust C. value D. wisdom
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：这次贸易案之后，高科技的研发对中国企业来说将更有价值。
本题考查名词。gift天赋，trust信任，value价值，wisdom明智。结合句意，高科技的研发对中国企业来说是有价值的，故选C。
3.His parents expect that one day he will be able to play the piano as ________ as Lang Lang.
A. well B. better C. best D. the best
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：他的父母希望有一天他能像郎朗一样弹钢琴。
本题考查副词。well好地，是副词原级；better是well的比较级；the best是well的最高级。as+形容词/副词的原级+as，表示“和……一样……”。故选A。
4.—As one of the “People Who Moved Qinhuai”, his work goes ________ teaching.
—Yes, the teacher always thinks of the children first and takes good care of them.
A. beyond B. beside C. behind D. between
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——作为“感动秦淮人物”之一，他的工作超越了教学。——是的，老师总是把孩子放在第一位，把他们照顾得很好。
本题考查介词。beyond超过，beside在旁边，behind在后面，between在……之间。根据the teacher always thinks of the children first and takes good care of them.可知，这位老师总是把孩子放在第一位，而且把他们照顾得很好，因此表示超过了教学，故选A。
5.—Would you like to play King of Glory with me?
—Oh, no. That’s the ________ thing in the world I want to do.
A. loud B. large C. last D. lost
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你愿意和我一起玩《王者荣耀》吗？——哦，不。这是世界上我最不想做的一件事。
本题考查形容词。loud大声的，large大的，last最后的，lost迷路的，失去的。根据no可知，表示不想要去玩《王者荣耀》，the last thing最不想要的事，故选C。
6.—Why did you ________ change your design?
—I realized it wasn't perfect after a long discussion.
A. finally B. successfully C. especially D. curiously
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你为什么最后改变你的设计？——我意识到经过长时间的讨论，它不是完美的。
本题考查副词。finally最后，successfully成功地，especially尤其，curiously好奇地。根据I realized it wasn't perfect after a long discussion.可知，我意识到它不是完美的，因此最后改变了自己的设计，故选A。
7.—Excuse me, would you mind helping me with the math problem?
—I'm sorry. ________ , I'm in a hurry.
A. In general B. Of course C. By the way D. In fact
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——对不起，你介意帮助解决我的数学问题吗？——我很抱歉。事实上，我赶时间。
本题考查介词短语。In general一般而言，Of course当然可以，By the way顺便说一句，In fact事实上。根据I'm sorry.可知，表示抱歉，因此解释我不帮助你做数学题的原因，事实上是我赶时间。故选D。
8.— May I have some wine?
— No you . You have to drive home later.
A. shouldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. may not
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我可以喝一些酒吗？——不，你不可以。你以后必须开车回家。shouldn't不应该，needn’t不必，mustn’t禁止，may not可能不。根据You have to drive home later.可知，你必须开车回家，因此表示你不可以喝酒，故用mustn’t。故选C。
9.The king didn't take any notice of the noise in the crowd and ________ with the parade.
A. carried away B. carried through C. carried out D. carried on
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：国王没有注意人群中的喧闹声，继续游行。
本题考查动词短语。A. carried away带走，B. carried through 贯彻，C. carried out实施，D. carried on继续。carry on with sth“继续某事”，故选D。
10.Parents can get to know ________ their children really want by communicating with them equally and patiently.
A. whether B. what C. how D. which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：父母可以通过跟孩子平等和耐心的交流可以了解他们真正想要什么。
本题考查宾语从句。whether是否，what什么，how如何，which哪一个。此处作为动词know的宾语从句，其中动词want后缺少宾语，用what充当。故选B。
【点睛】宾语从句的引导词：
1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时，用that来引导从句，that常无具体意义，一般可省略。　　
2.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时，要用if或whether来引导从句。
3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时，原句中的疑问词充当连接代词 (如who， whose， what，which)或连接副词(如when， where， why， how)，引导宾语从句。
11.Body language is a form of communication. Standing with open arms means________in the West.
A. shy B. angry C. friendly D. dishonest
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：肢体语言是一种交流方式。在西方，站着张开双臂表示友好。
本题考查形容词。shy害羞的，angry生气的，friendly友好的，dishonest不诚实的。根据Standing with open arms可知，站着张开双臂表示友好。故选C。
12.—The light in Kate’s bedroom is still on. Do you know________ ?
—In order to prepare for tomorrow’s speech.
A. why is she so busy B. why she stays up so late
C. what does she work for D. when she will stop working
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——凯特卧室的灯还亮着。你知道她为什么熬夜到这么晚吗？——为了准备明天的演讲。
本题考查宾语从句。A. why is she so busy她为什么这么忙，B. why she stays up so late她为什么熬夜，C. what does she work for她为了什么工作，D. when she will stop working她何时停止工作。宾语从句用陈述语序：疑问词+主语+谓语+宾语，排除AC两项。根据In order to prepare for tomorrow’s speech.可知，此处询问原因，故选B。
13.We’ll never forget the village in which there________ a small hill and a beautiful lake.
A. used to be B. used to have C. was used to being D. was used to having
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：我们永远不会忘记那个曾经有一座小山和一个美丽的湖的村庄。
本题考查动词短语。used to do sth.表示“过去常做某事”。there be句型表示某时或某地存在某人或某物，结合句意，此处表示过去曾经有一座小山和一个美丽的湖，there used to be的形式。故选A。
【点睛】use to do sth过去常常做某事；be used to do sth被用于做某事；be used to doing sth习惯做某事。
14.— I’m tired out. I want to have three days off next week.
—________ . You really need to have a good rest.
A. Not so sure B. Forget it C. Sounds good D. No way
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我累了。下星期我想请三天假。——听起来不错。你真的需要好好休息一下。
本题考查情景交际。A. Not so sure不太确定；B. Forget it算了吧；C. Sounds good听起来不错；D. No way绝不。根据You really need to have a good rest.可知，认为对方需要好好休息一下，因此同意对方下周请三天假。故选C。
15.—Putting on a happy face not only helps us make friends but also makes us feel better.
—________.
A. I’d love to B. That’s the case C. It’s my pleasure D. Don’t mention it
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——患上快乐的脸不仅能帮助我们交朋友，还能让我们感觉更好。——果真如此。
本题考查情景交际。A. I’d love to我愿意，B. That’s the case 果真如此。C. It’s my pleasure这是我的荣幸，D. Don’t mention it别提了。根据Putting on a happy face not only helps us make friends but also makes us feel better.可知，同意对方的说法，应是果真如此。故选B。
完形填空
For foreigners in China, food isn't simply a meal. It's sometimes a ____16____. I often fail to order the right food and use chopsticks ____17____ when I sit down in a restaurant.
Because not every dish has a picture on the menu, ordering food becomes a game. My father and I often ____18____ what kinds of vegetables or meat we're eating. In one of our favourite Sichuan restaurants, three waiters spent 15 minutes taking our order for ____19____. I simply wanted water, but my father wanted to try one of the fresh juices listed on the menu. There were two ___20___, however. There were neither pictures nor English on the menu. Finally, he just ordered a Coca Cola.
One of our most embarrassing experiences was at a famous restaurant. It was always ____21____, so we thought it might be a good one to visit. We had the most difficult time ordering our meal, since there were so many ___22___. Luckily, the waiter in the restaurant was rather patient and finally ____23____ us. During the dinner, noodles slipped through my chopsticks onto the table lots of times. I tried to pick up a dumpling for my father, but I dropped it on his shorts. I looked ____24____ and people were laughing about my chopstick skills.
No matter how difficult it was for us to understand the menu, the waiters always had a understanding of our ______25______. They were always patient, even when they realized they had to clean up the noodles that had slipped through my chopsticks.
16. A. surprise B. challenge C. prize D. miss
17. A. quickly B. correctly C. safely D. carelessly
18. A. explain B. report C. guess D. fear
19. A. drinks B. fruit C. vegetables D. salad
20. A. programmes B. directions C. instructions D. problems
21. A. noisy B. peaceful C. crowded D. empty
22. A. choices B. changes C. channels D. chances
23. A. reminded B. accepted C. mistook D. understood
24. A. through B. around C. after D. over
25. A. culture B. habit C. situation D. shame
【答案】16. B 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文讲述了作者和父亲是外国人，在中国餐馆里点菜所遇到的困难。餐馆里的服务员非常有耐心，最终帮助他们点了食物和饮料。
【16题详解】
句意：有时这是一个挑战。
A. surprise惊讶，B. challenge挑战，C. prize奖品，D. miss小姐。根据后文的“I often fail to order the right food and use chopsticks”可知，不会点菜，也不会用筷子，因此这是一件困难的事，故选B。
【17题详解】
句意：当我在餐馆坐下的时候，我经常不能正确地点对食物和正确地用筷子。
A. quickly迅速地，B. correctly正确地，C. safely安全地；D. carelessly粗心地。根据“often fail to order the right food”可知，不会点食物，因此表示也不会正确地使用筷子，故选B。
【18题详解】
句意：我和爸爸经常猜我们吃的是什么蔬菜或肉。
A. explain解释，B. report报道，C. guess猜测，D. fear害怕。根据前文的“Because not every dish has a picture on the menu, ordering food becomes a game.”可知，菜单上的菜没有照片，因此点菜成了一种游戏，因此只能猜测点的是什么食物。故选C。
【19题详解】
句意：在我们最喜欢一家四川餐馆里，三名服务员花了15分钟为我们点饮料。
A. drinks饮料，B. fruit水果，C. vegetables蔬菜，D. salad沙拉。根据后文的“I simply wanted water, but my father wanted to try one of the fresh juices listed on the menu.”可知，此处表示饮料，故选A。
【20题详解】
句意：然而，有两个问题。
A. programmes节目，B. directions方向，C. instructions说明书，D. problems问题。根据后文的“There were neither pictures nor English on the menu.”可知，菜单上既没有照片，也没有英文，因此这是两个问题。故选D。
【21题详解】
句意：那里总是挤满了人，所以我们想那可能是一个值得去的好地方。
A. noisy喧嚣的，B. peaceful和平的，C. crowded拥挤的，D. empty空的。根据“so we thought it might be a good one to visit.”可知，认为是值得去的好地方，因此表示这家餐馆人多，拥挤，故选C。
【22题详解】
句意：我们经历了最困难的点餐，因为有那么多的选择。
A. choices选择，B. changes变化，C. channels频道，D. chances机会。根据“We had the most difficult time ordering our meal”可知，我们点菜有困难，因此表示菜的选择太多了。故选A。
【23题详解】
句意：幸运的是，餐厅的服务员很有耐心，最终理解了我们。
A. reminded提醒，B. accepted接受，C. mistook弄错，误解，D. understood理解。根据后文的“During the dinner, noodles slipped through my chopsticks onto the table lots of times.”可知，我们点了面条，因此表示餐馆里的服务员听明白了我们的话，故选D。
【24题详解】
句意：我环顾四周，人们都在嘲笑我的筷子技术。
A. through通过，B. around围绕，C. after在……之后，D. over在……上面，look through浏览，look around环视，look after照顾，look over俯视。根据“people were laughing about my chopstick skills.”可知，人们在嘲笑，因此表示他们向四周看，看到的情况，故选B。
【25题详解】
句意：无论我们多么难以理解菜单上的内容，服务员总是能理解我们的处境。
A. culture文化，B. habit习惯，C. situation形势，D. shame羞耻，羞愧。根据后文“They were always patient, even when they realized they had to clean up the noodles that had slipped through my chopsticks.”可知，此处表示他们非常有耐心，因此明白我们的情况。故选C。
【点睛】本文介绍了作者和父亲是外国人，在中国餐馆里点菜所遇到的困难。文章主题明确，结构清晰，内容贴近学生们的日常生活，比较容易理解。题型是完形填空，考查学生们在具体语境中运用语言的能力，综合性较强。做题时，应先通读短文，了解文意；然后根据上下文语境做题，注意空前后的搭配，并仔细辨析选项中单词的意思和用法；最后将答案代入原文，再读一遍，检查答案是否正确。如第6小题，考查形容词辨析及语境。noisy喧嚣的，peaceful和平的，crowded拥挤的，empty空的。根据后半句的语境“我们认为那可能是一个值得去的好地方”，判断这家餐馆受欢迎，因此在餐馆里吃饭的人多，故选C。
阅读理解
A
Canada shares the longest international border (边界) in the world with the USA, which is 8,891 km long. The longest part of the border is shared with the US state, Alaska, and it is about 2,475 km long. Here is more information about Canada.
Geography
★the largest waterfalls, Niagara Falls
★the second biggest country in the world, after Russia
★the highest mountain, the Mount Logan with a height of 5,959 m
★the longest river, the McKenzie River in the northwest, 4,241 km long
★a large country with a small population
Attractions for kids
★going boating in the national parks, enjoying skiing, snow-boarding and other winter fun activities in the mountains
★outdoor activities: riding, climbing and ice-skating in Toronto, Vancouver and so on
★interesting museums and wonderful city parks


26. How long is the longest border that Canada shares with Alaska?
A. 8,891 km. B. 2,475 km. C. 4,241 km. D. 5,959 m.
27. The largest country in the world is ________.
A. China B. Canada C. the USA D. Russia
28. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The height of the Mount Logan is 5,959 kilometers.
B. The McKenzie River lies in the northeast of Canada.
C. Canada is a large country which has a small population.
D. Kids can’t go ice-skating in Vancouver.
【答案】26. B 27. D 28. C
【解析】
【分析】
短文大意：本文是科普知识，介绍了加拿大的地理位置、地理特征和适合孩子的主要景点。
【26题详解】
题意：加拿大和阿拉斯加的边界最长有多长?考查细节理解。根据Canada shares the longest international border in the world with the USA, which is 8,891 km long. The longest part of the border is shared with the US state, Alaska, and it is about 2,475 km long.可知，加拿大与美国共有世界上最长的国际边界，长达8891公里；而最长的部分与美国阿拉斯加州接壤，大约2475公里长，故选B。
【27题详解】
题意：世界上最大的国家是俄罗斯。考查细节理解。根据the second biggest country in the world, after Russia可知俄罗斯是世界上最大的国家，故选D。
【28题详解】
题意：下列哪个陈述是正确的?考查细节判断。A. 洛根山的高度是5959公里；根据the Mount Logan with a height of 5,959 m可知说法错误。B. 麦肯齐河位于加拿大的东北部；根据the McKenzie River in the northwest,可知说法错误。C. 加拿大是一个人口少的大国；根据a large country with a small population可知说法正确。D. 孩子们不能去温哥华滑冰；根据outdoor activities: riding, climbing and ice-skating in Toronto, Vancouver and so on可知说法错误。综合以上分析，故选C。
【点睛】阅读理解是最能体现学生英语能力的题型，分值较高，如何通过解题方法的掌握来提升自己解答阅读理解题的技巧是学生最关心的问题。初中阅读理解一般考查学生的细节理解能力，主旨理解能力和推理判断能力。做阅读理解题，首先要准确理解题意，然后根据题意根据短文内容做出正确的答案。（1）考查细节理解能力，此类型题较简单，准确理解题意后，直接到文中找出答案。例如小题1，问加拿大和阿拉斯加的边界最长有多长?根据Canada shares the longest international border in the world with the USA, which is 8,891 km long. The longest part of the border is shared with the US state, Alaska, and it is about 2,475 km long.可知，加拿大与美国共有世界上最长的国际边界，长达8891公里；而最长的部分与美国阿拉斯加州接壤，大约2475公里长，故选B。（2）考查猜词能力。做这种题型时，要根据上下文意思准确猜出词意。3）考查推理判断能力，此类题型较难，准确理解题意后，在文中找出相关的内容做出合理的推断。（4）考查主旨理解题。此类题型需通读全文，整体把握，根据文本主要内容选择合适的选项。
B
To: Carla@yahoo. com
From: Eric@163. com
Subject: Help!
Date: 15/04/2019: 05 AM
Dear Aunt Carla,
I'm having a problem with my classmate, Joan, at school. The other day I wrote an email to another classmate, Beth, in which I said something about Joan that perhaps wasn't very nice. Unluckily, when Beth was writing back to me, she sent it to HYPERLINK "mail to: Joan@163. com, " Joan@163. com, which is Joan's email address!Now Joan is really angry with me and won't talk to me, and Beth is unhappy as well. She has said sorry to me a hundred times already, but the harm is done. I feel bad, because I would never have said those things to Joan's face, but how do I get her to forgive（谅解）me? What should I do?
To: Eric@163. com
From: Carla@yahoo. com
Subject: Some advice
Date: 16/04/2019: 30 AM
Dear Eric,
This problem is more common than you might think!Email is very useful, but also very dangerous, as you don't know where your message might end up!First of all, you should say sorry right away to Joan. Explain that it was a mistake, and that you didn't mean to hurt her feelings. It may take time for her to be able to forgive you, but that's up to her. Then you might want to do something nice for her. Perhaps send her some flowers to show that you're truly sorry. Also, you should remember that old saying: "If you don't have anything nice to say, don't say anything at all. "And good luck!
Carla


29. How soon did Eric get the reply from Aunt Carla?
A. In one day. B. In two days. C. In a week. D. In a month.
30. Why did Eric write the email to Carla?
A. To say sorry. B. To ask for advice.
C. To give advice. D. To say something unfriendly.
31. Carla gave ________pieces of advice to Eric.
A. five B. four C. three D. two
【答案】29. A 30. B 31. C
【解析】
本文是两份电子邮件。第一封电子邮件是艾瑞克写给卡拉姑妈的，向她寻求建议，关于如何解决和她朋友Joan之间的问题。第二封电子邮件是卡拉姑妈给艾瑞克的建议。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据“From: Eric@163. com ”和“Date: 15/04/2019: 05 AM”可知，在2019年4月15日，艾瑞克给卡拉姑妈写信，根据“From: Carla@yahoo. com”和“Date: 16/04/2019: 30 AM”可知，在2019年4月16日，卡拉姑妈给艾瑞克回信，因此艾瑞克在一天后收到了卡拉姑妈的回信，故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据“I'm having a problem with my classmate, Joan, at school…What should I do?”可知，艾瑞克写信给卡拉姑妈是为了讲述和同学之间的麻烦，因此寻求建议，故选B。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据“First of all, you should say sorry right away to Joan.”“Then you might want to do something nice for her.”“Also, you should remember that old saying:”可知，卡拉姑妈给艾瑞克提了三条建议。故选C。
C
Painting and writing on walls is nothing new. In prehistoric(史前的)times, people in Africa and Europe painted pictures of animals and people in caves. Graffiti has been found at ancient sites in Greece, Italy, Syria and Iraq. In the Roman town of Pompeii in Italy, archaeologists found a lot of graffiti written in Latin, including political and romantic messages, and even some magic spells!
In the 1970s, young people in New York used pens to write their names, or "tags", on walls around the city. One of the first "taggers" was Demetrius, a teenager from a Greek family. He wrote his tag on walls in his neighbourhood and in subway stations on the way to school. Other teenagers saw Demetrius's tag and started writing..their own tags on walls, buses and subway trains all over New York. Then, some teenagers stopped using pens and started using paints. Their tags were bigger and more colourful and appeared on trains, buses and walls around the world. In the 1990s and 2000s, a lot of graffiti artists started to make pictured too.
In many countries, it is a crime to paint on walls and street artists can have problems with the police. In other countries, street art is permitted in certain places. Nowadays, street art is more popular with the public. In some cities, there are street art festivals. In Bristol in the UK, there is a street art festival in August every year. Artists paint all the buildings in a street. Lots of people come to watch the artists and take photos. Street art can be seen in galleries(美术馆)too. There have been exhibitions of street art in galleries in Paris, London and Los Angeles.
Most street artists are young people who paint in their neighbourhood or home city. Many of them use the Internet to communicate and share photos of their pictures with other street artists around the world. Although we don't know what will happen to street art in the future, we can be sure that it is here to stay!
32. Graffiti in ancient times includes different kinds of themes EXCEPT________ .
A. names and tags B. magic spells C. animals and people D. romantic messages
33. Which is the correct order according to the passage?
①Demetrius wrote his tags on walls.
②Many graffiti artists made pictures too.
③Other teenagers wrote their own tags on walls.
④There have been exhibitions of street art in galleries.
⑤More colourful tags appeared on trains, buses and walls.
A. ①③⑤②④ B. ①③⑤④②
C. ④③①②⑤ D. ④①③②⑤
34. What does the underlined word "permitted" mean in Paragraph 3?
A. protected B. allowed C. punished D. warned
35. According to the passage, we can learn that________ .
A. Demetrius was the first graffiti artist B. street art can be only seen in the street
C. street artists begin to share their works online D. Bristol holds a street art festival every September
【答案】32. A 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文介绍了涂鸦的发展历史。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据“In prehistoric(史前的)times, people in Africa and Europe painted pictures of animals and people in caves……including political and romantic messages, and even some magic spells!”可知，古代涂鸦的主题有动物和人，还有政治的和浪漫的信息，甚至一些魔咒，因此不包括名字和标签，故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据“In the 1970s, young people in New York used pens to write their names, or "tags", on walls around the city…..was Demetrius, a teenager from a Greek family.”可知，在20世纪70年代，Demetrius把他的标签写在墙上。根据“Other teenagers saw Demetrius's tag and started writing. their own tags on walls, buses and subway trains all over New York.”可知，然后，其他的青少年在墙上写他们自己的标签。根据“Their tags were bigger and more colourful and appeared on trains, buses and walls around the world.”可知，之后，火车、公共汽车和墙壁上出现了更丰富多彩的标签。根据“In the 1990s and 2000s, a lot of graffiti artists started to make pictured too.”可知，在20世纪90年代和21世纪初，许多涂鸦艺术家也开始创作图画。根据“There have been exhibitions of street art in galleries in Paris, London and Los Angeles.”可知，现在画廊里有街头艺术展览。因此正确的顺序为：①③⑤②④，故选A。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题。A. protected保护，B. allowed允许，C. punished惩罚，D. warned警告。根据 “Nowadays, street art is more popular with the public.”可知，在墙上作画在有些地方是允许的。故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据“One of the first "taggers" was Demetrius, a teenager from a Greek family.”可知，Demetrius是第一批“标记者”之一，不是第一个，因此A项不正确。根据“Street art can be seen in galleries(美术馆)too.”可知，街头艺术也可以在美术馆里看见，因此B项不正确。根据“Many of them use the Internet to communicate and share photos of their pictures with other street artists around the world.”可知，街头艺术家开始在网上分享他们的作品，因此C项正确。根据“In Bristol in the UK, there is a street art festival in August every year.”可知，布里斯托尔每年八月举办街头艺术节，不是每年九月，因此D项不正确。故选C。
【点睛】这是一篇记叙文，短文讲述了涂鸦的历史。文章叙述清晰，故事容易理解。题型是阅读理解，考查了细节理解题、词义猜测和推理判断。细节理解考查学生们对文章事实信息的理解，答案常可以直接在文中找到。如第1小题，在原文都可以找到相对应的线索。第2小题是一个推理判断题，根据短文，判断出哪一个是正确的顺序。在原文中寻找提到的语句所发生的时间，根据它们的时间，选出正确的顺序。
D


"Why do I live? Why do I wish for anything, or do anything? Is there anything in my life that will not be destroyed by my death?" Like Leo Tolstoy, the famous Russian writer, many people ask these difficult questions. Tolstoy spent his whole life trying to answer these difficult questions.
As a young man, he thought people could achieve perfection if they tried hard enough. So he worked very hard to be the best in everything. He thought that he would find meaning and truth in success.
In 1850s. Tolstoy wrote his first stories. He wrote about his life in the army. He also told stories about his childhood. These works were published and Tolstoy became a well-known writer.
He earned the respect he always wanted. Many rich and smart men met and talked with Tolstoy. Some of them were writers like him. They talked a lot about faith ( 信仰) and the meaning of life. But soon Tolstoy recognized that these men were not perfect. Now he knew they could not answer his questions about faith.
So in the 1860s, Tolstoy tried a different way to find the meaning of life. He opened a school for the children of his serfs-the people who worked on his land. These workers were very poor. He wanted to help them because he thought they were more honest than the rich people he knew.
Tolstoy learned a lot from his workers. He understood how they worked hard to support their
families. He began to believe that marriage and family would give his life meaning. So in 1862, Leo Tolstoy married a young woman named Sonya Behrs.
The next 15 years were the best years of Tolstoy's life. It was during this time that he wrote his most famous books-War and Peace and Anna Karenina. Many experts say that War and Peace is one of the greatest books ever written. In these books, Tolstoy believed humans should live a simple life and take care of their families. Tolstoy thought this would satisfy him and bring him happiness.
Leo Tolstoy is still a very respected writer today. His faith and writings have influenced many
people all over the world.
36. Which is the correct order of the following events?
① Tolstoy served in the army.②Tolstoy got married.
③ Tolstoy wrote War and Peace.④Tolstoy opened a school.
⑤ Tolstoy became a well-known writer.
A. ①⑤③②④ B. ⑤①③②④ C. ①⑤④②③ D. ⑤④①③②
37. Why did Tolstoy want to be the best in everything when he was young?
A. To prepare for his books. B. To achieve perfection.
C. To make a lot of money. D. To show his wisdom.
38. Tolstoy thought he would learn a lot from his workers because they were ____________.
A. poor B. honest C. friendly D. patient
39. According to the passage, which of the following is the most important to Tolstoy?
A. Family. B. Success. C. Wealth. D. Fame ( 名声) .
40. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Leo Tolstoy: Living for writing.
B. Leo Tolstoy: Influencing the world.
C. Leo Tolstoy: Being the best in everything.
D. Leo Tolstoy: Searching for the meaning of life.
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. B 39. A 40. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文介绍了著名的作家利奥托尔斯泰。他认为人只要足够努力，就能达到完美。1850年，托尔斯泰成了一位著名的作家。他赢得了他一直想要的尊重。许多富有和聪明的人会见了托尔斯泰，并与他们谈论了很多关于信仰和生命的意义。但托尔斯泰很快就意识到这些人并不完美。在19世纪60年代，托尔斯泰尝试了另一种方法来寻找生命的意义。他为农奴的孩子们开办了一所学校。从这些工人身上，他开始相信婚姻和家庭会赋予他的生命意义。在婚后的15年里他写了最著名的书《战争与和平》和《安娜卡列尼娜》。在这些书中，托尔斯泰相信人类应该过简单的生活，照顾他们的家庭。托尔斯泰认为这会使他满意并给他带来幸福。利奥托尔斯泰今天仍然是一位受人尊敬的作家。他的信仰和著作影响了全世界的许多人。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据He wrote about his life in the army. 他写了他在军队的生活。可知，托尔斯泰在军队服役。应该选择①；由句子These works were published and Tolstoy became a well-known writer. 托尔斯泰成为一位著名的作家。应该选择⑤；根据He opened a school for the children of his serfs-the people who worked on his land. 他为农奴的孩子们——在他的土地上工作的人们——开办了一所学校。可知，托尔斯泰开办了一所学校。应该选择④；由句子So in 1862, Leo Tolstoy married a young woman named Sonya Behrs. 可知，在1862年，利奥·托尔斯泰与一个名叫索尼娅·贝尔斯的年轻女子结婚了。应该选择②；根据It was during this time that he wrote his most famous books-War and Peace and Anna Karenina. 正是在这段时间里，他写了他最著名的书《战争与和平》和《安娜卡列尼娜》。可知，托尔斯泰写了《战争与和平》。应该选择③。所以正确顺序是：①⑤④②③。故选C。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据As a young man, he thought people could achieve perfection if they tried hard enough. So he worked very hard to be the best in everything. 作为一个年轻人，他认为只要人们足够努力，就能达到完美。所以他努力工作，想在每件事上都做到最好。也就是说：他努力工作，是为了达到完美。故选B。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。A. poor贫穷的；B. honest诚实的；C. friendly友爱的；D. patient有耐心的。根据He wanted to help them because he thought they were more honest than the rich people he knew. 他想帮助他们，因为他认为他们比他认识的富人更诚实。故选B。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据He began to believe that marriage and family would give his life meaning. 他开始相信婚姻和家庭会赋予他的生命意义。和句子In these books, Tolstoy believed humans should live a simple life and take care of their families. 在这些书中，托尔斯泰相信人类应该过简单的生活，照顾他们的家庭。托尔斯泰认为这会使他满意并给他带来幸福。可知，托尔斯泰认为家庭最重要。故选A。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据短文的句子They talked a lot about faith ( 信仰) and the meaning of life. 他们谈论了很多关于信仰和生命的意义。和句子Tolstoy learned a lot from his workers. He understood how they worked hard to support their families. He began to believe that marriage and family would give his life meaning. 托尔斯泰从他的工人那里学到了很多东西。他了解他们如何努力支持家庭。他开始相信婚姻和家庭会赋予他的生命意义。可知，这篇短文主要谈论了：寻找生命的意义。故选D。
【点睛】用细节定位法来做细节理解题。
细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的送分题。但由于中考所占的比例很大，应特别引起注意。
事实和细节题的命题特点是：把某词语、某个句子或某具体事实用不同于原文的另一方式或句型表达，即同义改写。解答这类题的窍门是：A)注意掌握英语的多种表达法；B）正确分析词语在句中的作用；C）熟练运用英语的句型转换；D）读懂题干所提出的问题，并准确地找到文中涉及该问题的句子。
做细节题具体方法与步骤如下：
j 略读材料,大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。
k 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example，first，second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
l 将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。
填空
根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。
41. - Mum, my shirt has been washed so many times that it's lost its _____________(形状).
-I know that. I'll buy you two new shirts tomorrow.
42. My father was completely tired yesterday. He got home and went __________(径直地)to bed.
43. -Don't believe Peter. He's always telling lies.
-Really? But he has an ______________（诚实的）face.
44. -What a terrible smell! Do you think it's OK to eat, Dad?
-Go on then. The fish ____________（尝起来）better than it smells.
45. - Who do you think has influenced you most, Sandy?
-My parents, I think. They've always ____________ (鼓励) me in everything I've wanted to do.
【答案】41. shape
42. straight
43. honest 44. tastes
45. encouraged
【解析】
【41题详解】
句意：---妈妈，我的衬衫洗了好多遍，都没了形状。---这我知道。我明天给你买两件新衬衫。根据中文提示，shape形状，名词，符合句意，故答案是shape。
【42题详解】
句意：我父亲昨天很累。他回到家就直接上床睡觉了。根据中文提示，straight径直地，副词，修饰动词go，故答案是straight。
【43题详解】
句意：--不要相信彼得。他总是说谎。--真的吗？但是他有张诚实的脸。根据中文提示，honest诚实的，形容词，作定语，故答案是honest。
44题详解】
句意：---好难闻的气味!爸爸，你觉得可以吃吗?---在我。这鱼尝起来比闻起来好。根据中文提示，taste尝起来，系动词；主语是the fish第三人称单数，故答案是tastes。
【45题详解】
句意：---桑迪，你认为谁对你影响最大?---我想是我父母。他们总是鼓励我做我想做的一切。encourage鼓励，实义动词；have done现在完成时，故答案是encouraged。
【点睛】根据中文填单词这类题型主要考察学生的记忆能力，词汇运用能力，简单的句子分析能力。做题步骤如下：1. 根据中文提示写出该单词 2. 根据该单词在句子里的成分判断其词性，写出正确形式。一般会有以下几种情况，名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态和语态、主谓一致、形容词与副词的转换、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级等。
B)请根据句子意思, 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
46. Many people teach ________ English by watching American TV series. (they)
47. We shall never make such an important ________without much thought. (decide)
48. "Nothing is________”means everything can happen if you make efforts. (possible)
49. A car bumped into a tree after the driver reportedly ________gas for brake. (mistake)
50 People like the TV channels with funnier programmes but ________advertisements. (few)
【答案】46. themselves
47. decision
48. impossible
49. mistook
50. fewer
【解析】
【46题详解】
句意：许多人通过看美剧自学英语。
teach oneself“自学”，因此用they的反身代词，故填themselves。
【47题详解】
句意：我们决不会不假思索地做出如此重要的决定。
有不定冠词an修饰，用decide的单数名词，故填decision。
【48题详解】
句意：“没有什么是不可能的”意思是只要你努力，任何事情都可以发生。
根据means everything can happen if you make efforts.可知，如果努力，一切都会可能，表示没有什么是不可能的，作为系动词is的表语，用形容词，故填impossilbe。
【49题详解】
句意：据报道，司机误把油门当刹车之后，一辆汽车撞到了一棵树上。
根据bumped可知，此处用一般过去时，因此用mistake的过去式，故填mistook。
【50题详解】
句意：人们喜欢节目更有趣但广告更少的电视频道。
根据funnier可知，此处用few的比较级，故填fewer。
【点睛】本题考查词性。根据空格前后单词的词性，结合时态，语态，词性，短语，用所给单词的正确形式填空。例如第2小题，根据空格前的不定冠词an可以确定空格处用单数名词，decide的名词形式是decision，make an important decision“做一个重要的决定”。故填decision。
C)请根据对话内容, 从下列方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空, 使对话内容完整正确。
A:The subject for my school project is “Small inventions that changed the world”. Can you help me think of an invention?
B: _____51_____. Let me think… hmm… I know! The zipper!
A: The zipper? Is it really____52____ a great invention?
B: Think about _____53_____it’s used in our daily lives. You can see zippers on dresses, trousers, shoes, bags... almost everywhere!
A: Do you know who invented the zipper?
B: I saw a website last week. It _____54_____that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893. But at that time, it wasn’t used widely.
A: Really? So ____55____did it become popular?
B: Around 1917.
A. such
B. mentioned
C. With pleasure
D. when
E. how often
【答案】51. C 52. A 53. E 54. B 55. D
【解析】
本文是两个人之间的对话。老师让学生讨论“改变世界的小发明”。学生想出了一个重要发明——拉链，并介绍了拉链的用途以及发明的人和时间。
【51题详解】
根据“Can you help me think of an invention?”可知，此处表示请求对方帮忙，表示愿意帮忙，应回答“当然愿意”。故选C。
【52题详解】
such a+形容词+单数名词，表示“这样一个……的……”，故选A。
【53题详解】
根据“You can see zippers on dresses, trousers, shoes, bags... almost everywhere!”可知，你可以看到拉链几乎无处不在，因此此处表示它在我们的日常生活中使用多么频繁，故选E。
【54题详解】
此处主语it后缺少谓语动词，mentioned“提到”，故选B。
【55题详解】
根据“Around 1917.”可知，此处对时间提问，故选D。
阅读填空
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后第56—65小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

The main characteristic of a bird is feathers. No other animal has feathers. Other important features for birds are wings and hollow bones.
Birds fly by flapping their wings and using air pressure（压力）to create lift under their wings. Just like airplanes do. The peregrine falcon is one of the fastest birds. It can reach speeds of over 100 miles per hour when diving. Feathers are important to birds because they keep them warm, help them to fly, and provide camouflage（伪装）. Hollow bones also help in flying because they help make the bird light enough to fly.
Although an important characteristic of frost birds is flying. not all birds fly. Some birds that don't fly are penguins, kiwis and ostriches. Penguins actually spend much time in the water where they are swimmers. Ostriches on the other hand are very fast runners. An ostrich can outrun a horse!
There are all sizes of birds. Hummingbirds are some of the smallest birds, while ostriches are some of the biggest. Different types of birds eat different things. Some birds feed on plants, some birds eat insects. and still others eat other, animals like fish, snakes, mice or rats. Birds are also known for their migrating（迁徙）patterns to large groups. Some birds will travel tong instances each season to stay in a climate that is good for their survival. Birds are sometimes kept as pets. The most popular birds for pets are tropical (热带的) birds like parrots. Birds also have a history of helping out humans in different tasks. They can carry messages (homing pigeons) and help hunt (falcons).
Read more about birds.
An ostrich can run as fast as 43 miles per hour and grow as tall as 9 feet.
Blue birds can't see the colour blue.
The hummingbird can fly backwards, but it can't walk.
The egg of a kiwi can weigh as much, as 20% of the mother's body weight.
Birds
Features of birds
ØWhat makes birds ___56___ from other animals is feathers, wings and hollow bones.
How birds fly
ØBirds flap their wings and ___57___ air pressure to fly.
ØBirds are light enough to fly ___58___ of hollow bones.
Not all birds fly
ØPenguins. are good at ___59___.
ØOstriches are fast runners.
___60___ of birds
ØHummingbirds are very small while ostriches are very big.
ØDifferent birds eat different things. Plants, insects and other animals can
be on the ___61___ of birds' food.
ØSome birds travel ___62___ to find a better place to stay.
ØSome birds are kept as ___63___ and some are trained as helpers.
Fun ___64___
about birds
ØAn ostrich Stan run at a ___65___ of 43 miles per hour.
ØBlue birds can't see blue and hummingbirds can't walk.


【答案】56. different
57. use 58. because
59. swimming
60. Types/Kinds
61. list 62. far
63. pets 64. facts/things/information
65. speed
【解析】
本文主要是对鸟类进行介绍，主要介绍了鸟类的特征，鸟类是如何飞行的，鸟的种类及有关鸟类的有趣的事。
【56题详解】
根据第一段No other animal has feathers. Other important features for birds are wings and hollow bones.可知鸟类的特征也就是与其他动物的不同之处。different from 与…不同，故答案是different。
【57题详解】
根据第二段Birds fly by flapping their wings and using air pressure（压力）to create lift under their wings.可知鸟类通过拍翅膀和使用压力腾飞，use 使用，动词，通过连词and与flap并列，故答案是use。
【58题详解】
根据第二段Hollow bones also help in flying because they help make the bird light enough to fly.可知由于骨头是中空的，所以鸟类很轻，可以飞。because of因为，由于，介词短语，故答案是because。
【59题详解】
根据第三段Penguins actually spend much time in the water where they are swimmers.可知企鹅擅长游泳。swim游泳，动词；be good at doing擅长于，故答案是swimming。
【60题详解】
根据表格结构，可知这是第四段的主旨句。There are all sizes of birds/. Different types of birds eat different things.可知本段介绍各种各样的鸟，types/kinds of birds各种各样的鸟，首字母大写，故答案是Types/Kinds。
【61题详解】
根据第四段Some birds feed on plants, some birds eat insects. and still others eat other, animals like fish, snakes, mice or rats.可知植物，昆虫和其他动物都是鸟类的食物。on the list of 在…..清单上，故答案是list。
【62题详解】
根据第四段Some birds will travel tong instances each season to stay in a climate that is good for their survival.可知有些鸟飞到很远的地方去找更好的地方住。far 远地，故答案是far。
【63题详解】
根据第四段Birds are sometimes kept as pets.可知有些鸟会被当成宠物，故答案是pets。
【64题详解】
根据表格结构，可知这是对第五至第九段的总结，可知这几段是关于鸟的一些有趣的事，故答案是facts/things/information。
【65题详解】
根据第六段An ostrich can run as fast as 43 miles per hour and grow as tall as 9 feet.可知鸵鸟能跑43英里每小时，长到9英尺高。at a speed of以多少的速度，故答案是speed。
B)请根据短文内容及首字母提示, 填写所缺单词。
A magical evening
The audience（观众）is seated and waiting. The performance（表演）will start at any moment.
H____66____ , this is no ordinary（普通的）theatre. We are in an a___67___ open air theatre and the performance we will see is a modern version of an ancient Greek tragedy. As soon as the first actor a____68____ on the stage, the excitement begins. The audience is completely attracted when the performance finishes.
This performance is part of a yearly theatre festival held at the Ancient Theatre of Epidavros. The p___69___ are planned months in advance. This year's programme is going to include both Greek（希腊）and foreign theatre companies and promises to be one of the b____70____ so far. Many famous actors will perform in the comedies and tragedies.
Of course, this f____71____ takes place in summer. Sitting in an ancient theatre on a warm night, watching ancient drama is a magical experience. To make the most of this experience you should go for the weekend. For example, next weekend, Aristophane's comedy, The Frogs, is playing. Book tickets for Saturday night, b ___72___ arrive in Epidavros on Saturday morning. After settling into your hotel, you will have time to relax and go for a swim. After a late lunch, return to your hotel to get ready for the n____73____ performance. The performance b___74___ at 9 o'clock, so don't be late. Remember, there's quite a long walk from the carpark to the theatre.
So, if all goes according to the p____75____ , this time next weekend, you will be enjoying this special experience. I'm certain you'll want to come again.
【答案】66. However
67. ancient
68. appears
69. programmes
70. best 71. festival
72. but 73. night's
74. begins 75. plan
【解析】
本文介绍了在古老的埃皮达佛罗斯剧院举行的年度戏剧节。这个节日是在夏天举行的。温暖的夜晚，坐在古老的剧场里，观看古老的戏剧是一种奇妙的体验。
【66题详解】
句意：然而，这不是一个普通的剧院。
结合句意，前一句表示随时开始，后一句表示这不是普通的剧院，前后表示转折关系，有逗号隔开，故填However。
【67题详解】
句意：我们现在是在一个古老的露天剧场里，我们将要看到的表演是一出古希腊悲剧的现代版。
根据the performance we will see is a modern version of an ancient Greek tragedy.可知，此处表示古代的露天剧场，故填ancient。
【68题详解】
句意：第一个演员一出现在舞台上，激动人心的场面就开始了。
根据the excitement begins.可知，观众开始兴奋起来，因此表示演员出现了，主语the first actor是第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填appears。
【69题详解】
句意：这些节目提前几个月就计划好了。
根据后文的“This year's programme”可知，此处指的是节目，谓语are是复数形式，主语用复数形式，故填programmes。
【70题详解】
句意：今年的节目将包括希腊和外国的戏剧公司，并有望成为迄今为止最好的节目之一。
one of the+形容词的最高级，表示“最……的之一”，根据“Many famous actors will perform in the comedies and tragedies.”可知，许多著名的演员表演，因此这是最好的节目之一，故填best。
【71题详解】
句意：当然，这个节日是在夏天举行的。
根据前文的“This performance is part of a yearly theatre festival held at the Ancient Theatre of Epidavros.”可知，此处表示年度戏剧节，故填festival。
【72题详解】
句意：订星期六晚上的票，星期六早上到埃皮达佛洛斯。
前半句表示预订星期六晚上的票，后半句表示星期六早上到埃皮达佛洛斯，前后表示转折关系，故填but。
【73题详解】
句意：午餐后，回到酒店准备晚上的演出。
根据前文的“Book tickets for Saturday night,”可知，晚上的演出，修饰名词performance，用名词所有格，故填night’s。
【74题详解】
句意：演出9点开始，所以不要迟到。
根据“so don't be late.”可知，此处表示演出不要迟到，因此表示晚上9点开始，主语the performance是第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填begins。
【75题详解】
句意：所以，如果一切按计划进行，下个周末的这个时候，你将会享受这种特殊的体验。
根据“this time next weekend”可知，此处表示下周末的计划，故填plan。
书面表达
76.假如你是阳光中学学生王芳, 学校将组织一次环境保护志愿活动, 你打算邀请交换生 Linda 参加。请围绕下列问题用英语给她写一封电子邮件。
●When and where will Linda go?
●What will Linda do for the environment?
●What should Linda do to prepare for it?
注意:
1.要点齐全, 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；
2.语言通顺, 意思连贯, 条理清楚, 书写规范；
3.词数 80 左右, 邮件的开头与结尾已经给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear Linda,
I’m writing to invite you to take part in the school’s voluntary activity to protect the environment.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Wang Fang
【答案】Dear Linda,
I’m writing to invite you to take part in the school’s voluntary activity to protect the environment. I know you want to be a volunteer to protect the environment.
You can go to the beach to at weekends, because there are a lot of rubbish on it. Firstly, you will pick up rubbish there. Secondly, you will keep the citizens informed of the responsibility of them, teach them what should be done and what should not be done. What's more, you should learn something about the knowledge of the environmental protection on the Internet. I believe you will benefit a lot from the activity.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Wang Fang
【解析】
【详解】1.题干解读：该题目属于应用文写作，写作时要按邮件格式写。在写作时开头介绍我想要邀请琳达参加环保志愿者活动；第二段介绍琳达将要做的事；第三段期望收到对方的回信。
2.例文点评：例文采用三段式；用第一、二人称来叙述内容；时态采用一般现在时和一般将来时，介绍琳达将要做的事，叙述完整且条理清晰。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。
3.高分亮点：
短语：want to do sth；at weekends；pick up；what’s more；look forward to。
句型：宾语从句you want to be a volunteer to protect the environment；原因状语从句because there are a lot of rubbish on it。