牛津译林版选择必修性必修第三册UNIT3Back to the past教学知识细解码学案
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UNIT 3 Back to the past
1．convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说→convinced adj.确信的；深信的→convincing adj.令人信服的
2．acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n．承认；感谢
3．depart vi.& vt.离开，起程→departure n．离开；出发
4．astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→astonishment n．惊奇；惊诧
dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散
①I think we can safely dismiss their objections. 不予考虑
②Dismissing her fears，she climbed higher. 摒除
③She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post. 开除
④At 12 o'clock the class was dismissed. 解散
Words and Phrases
convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
(教材P29)“It is clear，” he said，“that there is only one way to convince you...”
“很明显，”他说，“只有一种方法能说服你……”
[例] I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor.
我一直劝他去看病。
[知识拓展]
(1)convince sb.of sth./that 使某人相信某事
convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
(2)convinced adj. 坚定不移的；确信的
be convinced of sth./that 确信
(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的
a convincing victory/win 大比分获胜
[即学即练]——同义句转换/单句语法填空
①I convinced him of her honesty.
→I convinced him that she was honest.
②I convinced him to change(change) his mind.
③I am convinced(convince) that he is telling the truth.
④There is now a convincing(convince) evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.
load vt.& vi.装上，装入
n．负载；承载量；大量
(教材P30)His ships were loaded with china，silk，tea and other treasures as gifts to foreign rulers，and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions.
他的船上装载着瓷器、丝绸、茶叶等珍品，作为馈赠外国统治者的礼物，船队还对30多个国家和地区进行了友好访问。
[例] The trucks waited at the warehouse to pick up their loads.
货车在仓库等着装载货物。
[知识拓展]
(1) take a load off one's mind 卸下心中重担；如释重负
a load of＝loads of 许多
(2) load...with...＝be loaded with 用……装……
load sth.into/onto... 把……装入……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①In the first pass all the addresses are loaded into the database.
②Thirtysix trucks were loaded with some 100 tons of dried milk and bandages.
strengthen vt.& vi.加强，增强
(教材P30)Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions...
郑和的努力有助于发展和加强同这些国家和地区的和谐关系……
[例] The move is clearly intended to strengthen the President's position as head of state.
这一举措显然意在加强总统作为国家元首的地位。
[知识拓展]
strength n． 力气，体力；强项，优势
have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力气
build up one's strength 增强体力
strengthens and weaknesses 优点和缺点
[即学即练]——完成句子
①I knew I would have the strength to go on(我会有力气继续)，and where that strength would come from.
②It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength(增强你的体力) again.
(教材P30)Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged，and he is remembered as one of China's most influential explorers.
郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。
(1)acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢
[例] I allowed myself to acknowledge my true feelings.
我愿意承认自己的真实感情。
[知识拓展]
(1)acknowledge sth./that... 承认……
acknowledge...to be/as... 认为……是
……；承认……
acknowledge doing/having done 承认做过……
It is universally/generally
acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的；被公认为……
acknowledge one's letter 向某人表示信已收到
(2)acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢
in acknowledgement of 对……的承认/答谢
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Do you acknowledge that you've been wrong?
②He acknowledged having been defeated(defeat) at last.
③Yao Ming is acknowledged as one of the best basketball players in the NBA.
(2) influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的
[例] She is one of the most influential figures in local politics.
她是本地政坛举足轻重的人物。
[知识拓展]
(1)be influential in doing sth. 对做某事有影响
(2)influence vt. 影响
n. 影响力；有影响力的人
influence sb.to do sth. 影响某人做某事
have an influence on/upon... 对……有影响
under the influence of 在……影响下
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He had been influential in shaping(shape) economic policy.
②Many other medications have an influence on cholesterol levels.
③He committed the crime under the influence of drugs(在毒品的影响下)．
insist vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
(教材P31)Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.
哥伦布坚持要横渡大西洋，寻找直达东印度群岛的海上航线。
[例] She insisted on him wearing a suit.
她坚持要他穿西装。
[知识拓展]
(1)insist on (doing) sth. 坚持(做)某事
(2) insist后面跟从句，表示“坚持要……”时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should do形式；表示“坚持认为；坚持说”时，从句用陈述语气。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①His family insisted he should be given(give) a proper burial.
②He insisted that the mineral content of the water determined(determine) the opacity.
③They insisted upon being given(give) every detail of the case.
depart vi.& vt.离开，起程
(教材P31)On 3 August 1492，he departed from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen.
1492年8月3日，他带着三艘载有大约90名船员的船从西班牙起程。
[例] The train departed Amritsar at 6：15 p．m.
火车在下午6点15分离开了阿姆利则。
[知识拓展]
(1)depart from 从……离开；背离，违反
depart for... 离开去……
(2)departure n. 离开；出发
take one's departure 离开；出发
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Lipton is planning to depart from the company he founded.
②Sam will depart for Japan tomorrow，and he'll return to China next week.
③They had received no news of him since his departure(depart) from the island.
panic n．惊恐，恐慌vi.& vt.(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措
(教材P31)The men on board were in panic.
船上的人惊慌失措。
[例] Office workers fled in panic as the fire took hold.
火势起来时，办公室人员惊慌逃出。
[知识拓展]
(1)in panic 惊慌失措地
be in a panic 处于惊慌失措中
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
(2)be panicked into doing sth. 惊慌地做某事
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①No one knows why she fled in panic.
②She called the police station in a panic.
③Rumours of war panicked many investors into selling(sell) their shares.
Sentence Pattern
the way后跟定语从句
(教材P30)Their discoveries have improved our knowledge of the Earth and have also changed the way we understand our place in the world.
他们的发现提高了我们对地球的认识，也改变了我们了解自己在世界上地位的方式。
句式分析：本句中we understand our place in the world是定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
[例1] The way in which we work has undergone a complete transformation in the past decade.
在过去的十年里，我们的工作方式经历了彻底的变革。
[例2] We did an analysis of the way that government money has been spent in the past.
我们分析了过去政府资金的使用情况。
[知识拓展]
the way作先行词，如果在定语从句中作主语、宾语或宾补时，用that或in which引导定语从句，作宾语时可以省略。
[即学即练]——完成句子
①Please do it in the way I've told you(我告诉你的方式)．
②First it changes the way in which/that you deal with others(你对待他人的方式)．
1．Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen harmonious relations with these countries and regions，exposing foreign people to Chinese culture，and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.
[分析] 句中的exposing foreign people to Chinese culture和allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands都是现在分词作状语，表示结果。
[译文] 郑和的努力有助于发展和加强同这些国家和地区的和谐关系，使外国人了解中国文化，使中国人更好地了解海外。
2．His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration，a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.
[分析] 本句是一个复合句；a period是the Age of Exploration的同位语；which引导定语从句修饰先行词a period。
[译文] 他的航行揭开了探索时代的新篇章，这一时期见证了许多重要的地理发现。
教材 | 高考 |
1.“It is clear，” he said，“that there is only one way to convince you...” | (2020·全国卷Ⅱ) He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green，but he has no doubt about it. |
2.His ships were loaded with china，silk，tea and other treasures as gifts for foreign rulers，and the fleet paid friendly visits to more than 30 countries and regions. | (2020·天津卷)The library is now a multimedia zone，loaded with information in many formats(载体形式). |
3.Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged，and he is remembered as one of China's most influential explorers. | (2020·新课标卷Ⅰ)The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. |
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．This has a lot to do with the way in which they are constructed.
2．The company subsequently(subsequent) reduced its lead time to 45 days.
3．In panic，he began to throw water on the burning saucepan of oil.
4．Guests are requested to vacate their rooms by noon on the day of departure(depart)．
5．They insisted that a guaranteed supply of Chinese food should be written(write) into their contracts.
6．The grasp and the update of knowledge have an influence on competition.
7．Teamwork is acknowledged as the most important aspect of any enterprise.
8．He was dismissed from school for his bad behaviour.
9．Their attitude only strengthened(strength) his resolve to fight on.
10．She signalled her return to form with a convincing(convince) victory.
Ⅱ.短语填空
set sail；insist on；pass on；as far as；be loaded with；on behalf of；
1．With all these new contracts，I am loaded with work.
2．Fields and hills stretched out as far as we could see.
3．Our buyers insist on high standards of workmanship and materials.
4．Please allow me to thank you for your offer of help on behalf of my colleagues.
5．The sailors set sail again in search of a new island.
6．They have come to us to pass on their valuable experience.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Zheng He set sail from Taicang on his first voyage in 1405.There were over 200 ships，with almost 28，000 people on board.On behalf of the Ming Dynasty，Zheng He made seven voyages，1.reaching(reach) more than 30 countries and regions，which developed and 2.strengthened(strength) harmonious relations with them.The voyages helped expose foreign people 3.to Chinese culture and allow the Chinese 4.to understand(understand) overseas lands.
Columbus received 5.financial(finance) support from the King and Queen of Spain.He departed 6.from Spain with three ships carrying about 90 7.crewmen(crewman) on 3 August，1492.On 12 October，they spotted land in the distance，which made him 8.convinced(convince) that was the East Indies.His major 9.contribution(contribute) is that he “discovered” the New World，10.which opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration.
