2022年高考英语一轮复习Unit10Money单元主题语篇训练二含解析北师大版必修4

Unit 10  单元主题语篇训练

Ⅰ.完形填空

When I was a kid, my parents sent me to a summer camp in New Hampshire. At the camp we did tons of great things like swimming, sports and archery (射箭), but for me, the most memorable __1__ was an overnight trip of mountain climbing. If you've ever __2__ a mountain, you know it's a physical challenge, __3__ when you're carrying your food and shelter on your back. When campers got __4__， they certainly started complaining.

“How much farther is it？”

“I can't go any further.”

“My __5__ is too heavy. Can you carry it for me？”

The reply of the __6__ was, “Suck it up (忍气吞声)”. The truth is that the complaining campers were __7__ near the point of __8__. If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the __9__ and given them care. The kids simply weren't used to the physical challenge. Once they realized they weren't getting any sympathy they __10__ the discomfort, and in most cases __11__ having a great time. In my camp days, I don't __12__ a single camper complaining at the __13__ of the mountain.

There are two ways to deal with an __14__ situation. You can complain, or you can make the best of it. If you complain, you might feel like you're getting that __15__ energy out, but you're probably not going to cause a positive change. It's much more likely that your complaining will cause the __16__ of those around you. No one likes a complainer. They're __17__ and they hurt the group. Complaining makes life __18__ for everyone. Instead, if you determine to master your own __19__， to move past it and focus on a __20__， it's my experience that you'll realize it wasn't bad in the first place.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从一次露营活动中得到的感悟：如果我们停止抱怨，坚持下去，我们的道路并没有那么难走。

1．A.experience　　　　　　 B．behaviour

C．occasion  D．situation

解析：选A　根据该句中的“an overnight trip of mountain climbing”可知，此处表示这是最难以忘怀的一次经历。experience“经历”符合语境。

2．A.seen  B．reached

C．climbed  D．described

解析：选C　根据上文中的“mountain climbing”可知，此处表示“爬山”。

3．A.especially  B．normally

C．obviously  D．naturally

解析：选A　根据语境可知，爬山是一种身体上的挑战，尤其(especially)是当你背着食物和露营装备的时候。故选A。

4．A.ashamed  B．tired

C．puzzled  D．shocked

解析：选B　根据语境并结合常识可知，当露营者累了的时候，他们会开始抱怨。

5．A.food  B．water

C．shelter  D．backpack

解析：选D　根据上文中的“when you're carrying your food and shelter on your back”可知，此处表示有人抱怨自己的背包太重。backpack“背包”符合语境。

6．A.parents  B．teachers

C．guides  D．partners

解析：选B　根据下文中的“the teachers would have noticed ... care”可知，此处表示“老师们的回答”。

7．A.somewhere  B．anywhere

C．nowhere  D．everywhere

解析：选C　根据语境并结合常识可知，事实是，抱怨的露营者远没有筋疲力尽(exhaustion)。nowhere near意为“远没有”。

8．A.camp  B．exhaustion

C．mountain  D．destination

解析：选B　参见上题解析。

9．A.signs  B．activities

C．gestures  D．scenes

解析：选A　根据语境可知，如果有人筋疲力尽的话，老师们会注意到这种迹象，并且给予他们照顾。

10．A.shared  B．understood

C．suffered  D．overcame

解析：选D　根据语境可知，抱怨的人一旦意识到他们得不到同情，他们会克服不适，并且大多数情况下，最终玩得很开心。overcome“克服”符合语境。

11．A.couldn't help  B．ended up

C．insisted on  D．gave up

解析：选B　参见上题解析。

12．A.recall  B．forget

C．disturb  D．forgive

解析：选A　根据第一段中的“the most memorable”并结合语境可推知，作者不记得有人在山顶(top)抱怨过。

13．A.foot  B．top

C．back  D．base

解析：选B　参见上题解析。

14．A.unbelievable  B．unexpected

C．unusual  D．unpleasant

解析：选D　根据下文中的“complain” “make the best of it”可知，有两种方式来应对不愉快的境况。

15．A.great  B．spare

C．negative  D．potential

解析：选C　根据语境可推知，如果你抱怨了，你也许会感到你正在将那些负面的能量释放出来，但是你很可能不会产生正面的改变。negative“负面的”符合语境，故选C。potential“潜在的”。

16．A.dislike  B．respect

C．sympathy  D．enthusiasm

解析：选A　根据下文中的“No one likes a complainer.”可推知，抱怨会引起周围的人(对你)的讨厌。

17．A.amazing  B．shocking

C．worrying  D．annoying

解析：选D　根据该句中的“they hurt the group”可知，抱怨的人让人讨厌。

18．A.poorer  B．harder

C．easier  D．better

解析：选B　根据语境并结合常识可推知，抱怨让每个人的生活更加艰难。harder“更艰难的”符合语境。

19．A.life  B．mind

C．suffering  D．mistake

解析：选C　根据下文“move past it”可知，此处表示如果你决心去掌控你的痛苦，越过它并集中注意力于解决方法(solution)，那么它并没有那么糟糕。suffering“痛苦”符合语境。

20．A.trip  B．plan

C．solution  D．dream

解析：选C　参见上题解析。

tips 完形填空之利用词汇复现解题

完形填空重在考查考生是否具有全面的、整体的思维意识，考生如果没有较强的整体意识和大局观，往往很难找出正确答案。换言之，完形填空需要考生能够仔细阅读文章，留意文章的细节和措辞，注重前后文的呼应。在一部分完形填空题目中，考生不需要做出推理判断，仅利用上下文的复现信息，即可轻松确定正确答案。这些词汇复现包括：

①原词复现：在上下文中同一词汇重复出现。

②同根词复现：有词形变化的词汇复现。

③同义/近义词复现：意思相同、相近的表达方式，或者解释性的语言复现。

④反义词复现：意思相反的表达方式复现。

⑤上下义词复现：总括与分述的词汇复现。如rose(玫瑰花)是flower(花)的下义词，flower是rose的上义词。

例如上文第2题选项C(climbed)与上一句中的“mountain climbing”为原词复现。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

The Buy Nothing Movement

Social media, magazines and shop windows bombard (猛轰) people daily with things to buy, and British consumers are buying more clothes than ever before.The average person spends more than ￡ 1,000 on new clothes a year, which might not sound like much.__1__ A lot of consumer spending is by means of credit cards.British people currently owe about ￡670 per adult to credit card companies.Also, people are spending money they haven't earned to buy things they don't need.Britain throws away 300,000 tons of clothing a year, most of which goes into landfill (垃圾填埋地) sites.

__2__ But charity shops can't sell all those unwanted clothes.A lot of clothes that charities can't sell are sent abroad, causing even more economic and environmental problems.

__3__ The idea originated in Canada in the early 1990s and then moved to the US.On Buy Nothing Day people organise various types of protests and cut up their credit cards.Throughout the year, Buy Nothing groups organise the exchange and repair of items they already own.

The trend has now reached influencers on social media who now encourage their viewers not to buy anything at all for periods as long as a year.Two friends in Canada spent a year working towards buying only food.For the first three months they learned how to live without buying electrical goods, clothes or things for the house.For the next stage, they gave up services, for example, haircuts, eating out or buying petrol for their cars.__4__

The changes they made meant two fewer cars on the roads, a reduction in plastic and paper packaging and a positive impact on the environment from all the energy saved.__5__ But even if you can't manage a full year without going shopping, you can participate in the anti­consumerist movement by refusing to buy things you don't need.

A．In one year, they'd saved $55,000.

B．If everyone followed a similar plan, the results would be impressive.

C．Online shopping means it is easy for customers to buy without thinking.

D．Second­hand clothes are often of too poor quality to recycle in charity shops.

E．However, a different trend arises in opposition to consumerism — the “buy nothing” trend.

F．But that figure hides two far more worrying trends for society and for the environment.

G．People might not realise the problems because they donate their unwanted clothes to charities.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述在英国，如今消费者购买了比以往更多的衣服，但是自己并不需要这些衣服的社会现象，介绍了“零购买”活动及其益处。

1．选F　根据下文可知，人们买衣服时使用信用卡超前消费，同时每年也会有30万吨的衣服进入垃圾站，是对F项(但是这个数字背后隐藏了令社会和环境担忧的问题)提出问题的具体解释说明。且该项中的“that figure”指代上文的“￡1,000”。

2．选G　根据下文可知，慈善商店把那些不能售卖的服装运到国外，这会引起更多的经济和环境问题。G项(因为人们把不需要的衣服都捐给慈善团体，并没有意识到那些问题)承上启下。

3．选E　根据下文可知，整个段落谈论的是关于“Buy Nothing Day”观念的起源和发展，而E项(然而与消费主义相反的另一种趋势“零购买”正在凸显)提出“Buy Nothing Day”的观念。

4．选A　根据上文可知，这两个朋友用一年的时间分两个阶段不购买除食物之外的其他商品，而A项(一年时间，他们节省了$55 000)是这两个朋友节约行为产生的结果。

5．选B　根据上文及下文“But”表示转折可知，B项(如果每个人都执行这种方法，那结局会让人印象深刻)承上启下，符合语境。

Ⅲ.语法填空

I'm Margaret, an exchange student from America. I've been living in Beijing for several weeks and I have made new friends here, many of __1__ are locals. Through my interaction with them, I've noticed some interesting cultural differences when __2__ (eat) out.

One of the most obvious is the way food __3__ (serve). In America, each diner orders their own meal. When people eat out in Asia, they usually order food to share. Sometimes, one member of the party does the __4__ (major) of the ordering for everyone. Each of us has our own bowl of rice or noodles, and we share the rest of the dishes. This is an excellent way __5__ (try) new foods!

__6__ thing that strikes me as odd is the way people pay for food at a restaurant. In the US, we often ask __7__ separate checks, so we each pay for our own meal. But here, if diners decide to pay separately, they __8__ (typical) don't request separate checks. Instead, they give money to one person who __9__ (pay) the bill. People also don't tip the server. Instead, there is often a service charge __10__ (add) to the bill.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些在中国和美国人们在外出就餐时的不同习惯：一是点菜的方式，二是付钱的方式。

1．whom　考查定语从句关系词。本句为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词friends，且作介词of的宾语，指人，故用关系代词whom。

2．eating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，eat在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语I之间构成主动关系，应用现在分词。故填eating。

3．is served　考查动词时态和语态。本句中主语food与谓语动词构成被动关系，应使用被动语态；且描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语为单数名词food，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is served。

4．majority　考查名词。the majority of“大多数的……”，为固定短语。故填majority。

5．to try　考查非谓语动词。动词修饰名词way时，需要用不定式作定语。way to do sth.表示“做某事的方式”，故填to try。

6．Another　考查代词。此处表示泛指三者以上的“另一个”，应用代词another。故填Another。

7．for　考查介词。ask for“要求”，为固定搭配。故填for。

8．typically　考查副词。修饰动词request，应用副词形式。故填typically。

9．pays　考查主谓一致。本句主语为one person，且描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填pays。

10．added　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，add在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语charge之间构成被动关系，应用过去分词。故填added。