2022年高考英语一轮复习Unit14Careers单元主题语篇训练一含解析北师大版必修5

Unit 14  单元主题语篇训练

A

Tina Rees, 50

English teacher (Canadian)

I wanted to be a doctor and help people.I was always playing doctor with dolls, wrapping their arms and legs in tissues! My mom was a nurse, and my two sisters are now nurses, but I went into finance.The educational requirements to be a doctor are too much for me now, but I feel I'm helping people and contributing to society as a teacher.

John Podeszwa, 45

English school owner (American)

I've always loved animals, and as a little boy I first wanted to be a frog, then a chimp.When told I had to be something human, I chose zookeeper. I worked at a zoo in high school, but I wouldn't want to do that job now, although I am fulfilling my dream of helping rescued animals, since I own a honey bear, an albino snake (患白化病的蛇), a dog and some cats!

Miwa Gilligan, 48

Part­time worker (Japanese)

As a little girl I wanted to be many things, and when my grandmother suggested that as an actress I could play various roles, that stuck with me.The Takarazuka Revue (宝冢歌剧团) was popular during my childhood, so that also inspired me.Of course I would still like to become an actress.

Hiromitsu Tokunaga, 55

Sewage worker (Japanese)

My dream job both as a child and now is to be an astronaut.I grew up during the “Space Race” era and remember well the first moon landing, the famous sci­fi movie 2001, and all the rest.I still have a strong dream of going into space, and in my lifetime hope to see regular affordable space tours for people like me!

语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章中的四个人分别讲述了自己儿时的梦想职业、工作的现状以及对未来的憧憬。

1．We know from the text that ________.

A．Tina Rees is satisfied with her present job

B．Tina Rees once received medical education

C．Tina's two sisters do the same job as their mother does

D．their mother's preference to Tina's sisters disappointed Tina

解析：选A　细节理解题。根据Tina Rees部分中的“I feel I'm helping people and contributing to society as a teacher.”可知，她对于自己目前做老师的工作很满意。

2．Who would still like to do their childhood dream jobs if they could?

A．Miwa Gilligan and Tina Rees.

B．Tina Rees and John Podeszwa.

C．John Podeszwa and Hiromitsu Tokunaga.

D．Hiromitsu Tokunaga and Miwa Gilligan.

解析：选D　推理判断题。根据Miwa Gilligan部分可知，孩提时梦想当演员，她现在依然乐意当演员；根据Hiromitsu Tokunaga部分可知，从儿时到现在，他依然乐意做宇航员。

3．What can we infer from the text?

A．People like Hiromitsu Tokunaga can go on regular affordable space tours.

B．In John Podeszwa's school, students are encouraged to help rescued animals.

C．At least two of the people were influenced by others in their dream job choice.

D．The requirements didn't stop Tina Rees from realizing her doctor dream.

解析：选C　推理判断题。通读全文可知，在选择梦想的职业时，Tina Rees受母亲和两个姐妹的影响，Miwa Gilligan受祖母的影响，Hiromitsu Tokunaga受生活的时代、人类首次登上月球等的影响。

4．Which would be the best title for the text?

A．Children from Different Countries Share Dreams

B．What Was Your Dream Job as a Child?

C．How Was Your Dream Realized?

D．Children Have Different Dream Jobs

解析：选B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，整篇文章中四个人分别回忆儿时的梦想职业是什么、目前的职业以及对未来的憧憬。故B项最适合作本文标题。

B

It's 13：30 and 28­year­old Marten Pella's smart phone starts pinging, a signal that it's time for us to stop working around his living room table and instead start our workout routine together.A cartoon character wearing bright red shorts on video begins instructing us to do star­jumps and sit­ups around his apartment.

Pella, a research assistant at Stockholm University, is part of the Hoffice movement, which invites workers­freelancers (自由职业者) or full­time employees who can do their jobs remotely — to work at each other's homes to increase productivity and enjoy an active social life. Those attending Hoffice events advertised on Facebook are typically asked to work silently in 45­minute blocks, before taking short breaks together to exercise, or simply chatting over a coffee.In addition, each participant shares daily objectives with the rest of the group upon arrival, and is invited to report back on whether or not they have achieved them at the end of the day.

“Often when I am alone, I can work focused for a couple of hours but then I'm easily distracted (分心)．The help of others makes me so much more disciplined，”says Pella, who attends Hoffice events as both a guest and a host.Lunches mean networking and connecting with new contacts.“People are coming from really different areas and have different professions so there can be really interesting discussions，” he says.

The Hoffice movement has grown quickly since it was founded in 2014 by Swedish psychologist Christofer Franzen.He had been giving lectures on the benefits of collective (集体的) intelligence, but realised he was spending most of his own time working alone at his kitchen table.“I wanted to test more structured home co­working with friends in similar situations，” he says.

Franzen says that holding events in houses and apartments creates a unique atmosphere, because there's a sense of community and desire to contribute.He's looking for ways to expand the social value of Hoffice, by matching up members with relevant skills to share and even encouraging jobseekers to join its gatherings.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“Hoffice行动”，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全职员工在彼此的家中工作，以提高工作效率，避免与社会隔绝，享受积极的社交生活。

5．Where is Pella when his smart phone starts pinging?

A．In his own home.

B．In his office.

C．In another person's home.

D．At Stockholm University.

解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段“Marten Pella's smart phone starts pinging ... around his living room table”可知，马腾·配拉电话响起的时候他在客厅，是在自己家里，故选A。

6．What do people attending Hoffice events do first when they meet?

A．Watch an exercise video.

B．Work silently for 45 minutes.

C．Tell each other their daily plans.

D．Report what they have achieved.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“shares daily objectives with the rest of the group upon arrival”可知，人们见面后先告诉对方他们的日常计划。故选C。

7．What does Franzen really mean by saying “friends in similar situations”？

A．They usually work alone.

B．They often give lectures.

C．They study collective intelligence.

D．They have to work at a kitchen table.

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，Franzen的意思是他们这些人相似的处境就是都是独自一人工作，故选A。

8．What is the best title for the text?

A．Sharing Comfortable Workplaces

B．A New Way to Make New Friends

C．Benefits of Collective Intelligence

D．Working from Others' Homes

解析：选D　标题归纳题。本文主要围绕“Hoffice行动”展开，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全职员工在彼此的家中工作，以提高工作效率，避免与社会隔绝，享受积极的社交生活。由此判断，D项能概括本文主旨。故选D。

C

A new kind of surgical knife can tell cancerous from healthy tissue in seconds and may help improve tumor (肿瘤) removal in the operating room.

Known as the iKnife, the tool analyzes the vapour given off as surgeons use electrical current to cut away tissue, and it reports in real time whether the tissue is cancerous or not.

Tests in 91 human patients have shown the tool's diagnoses were extremely accurate, and may be reliable enough to begin widespread use in operating rooms.

The iKnife uses mass spectrometry (质谱法) to examine the surgical smoke given off by tissue, informing the surgeon in three seconds as to what it contains.

Other current techniques, which include sending removed tissue to a lab for analysis, are costly and frequently inadequate and take about 20－30 minutes.

“Remarkably, there are almost no technologies in routine clinical practice to assist the surgeon in improving the accuracy of cancer tissue clearance，” said the study.

For patients, this uncertainty can lead to repeat surgeries or worse, since returning to the operating table is not always an option for soft tissue tumors.

The iKnife can make current tumor diagnostics more accurate, and it has the potential to influence on­table decision­making and ultimately to improve oncological (肿瘤学的) outcomes.

In Britain alone, there are 300,000 new cases of cancer each year and 1.8 million surgical procedures performed in treatment.

The iKnife was tested on tissue samples from 302 patients, including those with tumors of the stomach, liver, lung, breast and brain, and later in the operating room during 91 procedures to cut tumor tissue away.The iKnife is not yet commercially available and likely will not be for at least another year.

“If perfected, this would help surgeons and patients avoid countless trips back to the operating room to try and obtain clear margins.A larger study needs to be carried out, but this preliminary data is very exciting，” said Stephanie Bernik, chief of surgical oncology at a hospital in New York.

语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。最新研究表明，与传统的诊断方式不同，智能手术刀iKnife可以迅速并精确地诊断出病人是否患有癌症，这对病人来讲是一个福音。

9．The iKnife can identify unhealthy tissue by ________.

A．using electrical current to test it

B．testing the blood and cells of it

C．analyzing the smoke given off by it

D．cutting away tissue and examining it

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“analyzes the vapour given off as surgeons use electrical current to cut away tissue”和第四段中的“examine the surgical smoke given off by tissue”可知，智能手术刀主要通过分析组织释放的气体来确定不健康的组织。

10．It is implied in the passage that the iKnife ________.

A．can be purchased within several years

B．has been tested in more than 3,000 patients

C．should be perfected before it's put into use

D．can be used in other diseases besides cancer

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If perfected, this would help surgeons and patients avoid countless trips back to the operating room”可知，虽然智能手术刀非常厉害，但在投入使用前还有待完善。

11．What is Stephanie Bernik's attitude towards the iKnife?

A．Negative.　　　　　 B．Doubtful.

C．Critical.  D．Objective.

解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Stephanie Bernik非常客观地评价了智能手术刀。

12．What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The iKnife can tell unhealthy from healthy tissue.

B．The iKnife will take the place of current techniques.

C．The iKnife can make doctors' diagnoses more accurate.

D．The iKnife will change people's attitude towards cancer.

解析：选A　主旨大意题。阅读全文，尤其是第一段的内容可知，本文主要介绍了一款能分辨不健康组织的智能手术刀。

tips  着眼全局，客观理性地解观点态度题

观点态度题旨在考查考生是否理解作者或文中人物对某人或文中人物对某人/事物所持的观点或态度。这类题目相对而言难度较大，迷惑性也较强，因为考生很难找到具体对应的语言点，要从整篇文章或整个段落的叙述中去推测。另外，此类题所给的答案选项一般是四个形容词，考生应在审题时就把握好这四个形容词所表达的意思，然后返回文章去寻找信息。特别注意，解答此类题时切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点或文中人物的观点，同时要注意区分作者本人的态度与作者引用的他人的观点态度。解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的语气。若用褒义词，显然是赞成；若用贬义词，显然是反对；若是客观陈述，则是中立的立场，不偏不倚。作者的态度常常在转折词后表明出来，因此转折词至关重要(如but, yet, however, although, nevertheless等)。

例如上文第11小题，根据全文论述特别是最后一段中Stephanie Bernik所说的话可推知，他非常客观地评价了智能手术刀。