2022年高考英语一轮复习Unit13People单元主题语篇训练一含解析北师大版必修5

Unit 13  单元主题语篇训练

A

I once met a well­known botanist at a dinner party.I had never talked with a botanist before, and I found him very interesting.I sat there absorbed and listened while he spoke of unusual plants and his experiments (he even told me astonishing facts about the simple potato)．I had a small indoor garden of my own — and he was good enough to tell me how to solve some of my problems.

As I said, we were at a dinner party.There must have been a dozen other guests, but I broke an important rule of politeness.I ignored everyone else and talked for hours to the botanist.

Midnight came.I said good night to everyone and departed.The botanist then turned to our host and said many nice things about me, including that I was a “most interesting conversationalist”．

An interesting conversationalist? I had said hardly anything at all.I couldn't have said anything if I had wanted to without changing the subject, for I didn't know any more about plants than I knew about sharks.

But I had done this one thing: I had listened carefully.I listened because I was really interested.And he felt it.Naturally that pleased him.That kind of listening is one of the best ways to show respect to others, and it makes them feel great too.“Few human beings，” wrote Jack Woodford in Strangers in Love, “can resist the sweet effect of rapt_attention.” I went even further than that.I was “sincere in my admiration and generous in my praise”．I told him that I had been hugely entertained and instructed.I told him I wished I had his knowledge.I told him that I should love to wander the fields with him.What's more, it was all true.

And so I had him thinking of me as a good conversationalist when, in reality, I had only been a good listener and had encouraged him to talk.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者以自己偶遇一个植物学家并与其交谈的例子说明，一个健谈的人应具备的品质包括：关注参会的人、注意倾听他们的见解、表现出对别人话题的兴趣等。

1．From Paragraph 1, we can learn that the writer __________.

A．was deeply moved by the botanist's talk

B．was amazed by what he was hearing

C．was not in a comfortable situation

D．behaved politely and properly

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中第二、三句可知，作者对于植物学家所说的感到很惊奇。

2．Which of the following does the writer describe as a rule of politeness at dinner parties?

A．Avoiding discussions about politics and religion.

B．Listening carefully to what another guest says.

C．Arriving and leaving at the appropriate time.

D．Giving attention to all those in attendance.

解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，作者认为，忽略其他人只和植物学家谈话是不礼貌的。由此判断出，关注参加的所有人是有礼貌的行为。

3．The underlined expression “rapt attention” in Paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to “__________”．

A．full understanding　　 B．strong interest

C．great uncertainty  D．little curiosity

解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第四段第二至五句可知，作者听是因为真的感兴趣，而对方感受到了作者的兴趣。结合画线词所在句可知，很少有人能拒绝强烈兴趣的影响，因此rapt attention表示“强烈的兴趣”。

4．According to the writer, which of the following is an important characteristic of a good conversationalist?

A．Listening attentively and encouraging the other side to continue.

B．Encouraging the other side by sharing his/her own opinions.

C．Promising a future meeting for more communication.

D．Expressing respect by nodding his/her head.

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，健谈的人会认真听，并鼓励说话者继续。

B

When I graduated from the University of Iowa last year, I did something my friends did not understand.I left Iowa, where I had friends and stability, to live on a small houseboat near San Francisco.At school, I had found a job driving a school bus so people asked, “Why on earth are you leaving？”

Well, at graduation I was presented with two things — a degree in psychology and a question.It was the same one that many in my generation got: “What do I do now？” It was as difficult as it was common.That's because many people at my age were raised with the same words, repeated over and over by parents, teachers and TV, that “you can be whatever you want to be”．As a young boy, every time when I was puzzled about my future, they would say that they would be happy if I was happy.However, what I needed was concrete advice but not a vague idea, for example, “be a doctor, or be a bus driver”．

My experience was by no means universal.Many Americans are taught by their parents that the only purpose in life is to attain money and power.As a goal, this seems much easier and clearer than finding “happiness” or “gentleness”．The result of this upbringing is that many of my classmates did not specialize in any particular skill, rather assuming that something would magically happen to overcome their problems.They often get a real shock when they enter the “real world” and find that their options are very limited.Many of my friends have taken jobs as waiters or cooks after graduating, or have moved back in with their parents.

My life on the boat is hard at times, especially during storms.But this is my small attempt to be happy on my own.I'm not buying into my nation's idea of limitless possibilities because I feel that stops the growth of many of today's youth.

语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者用自身的经历指出当今美国的一个社会问题：青少年需要父母更为具体的引导和教育，让他们知道自己将来具体想要做什么，而不是简单地告诉他们“成为你想成为的人”。

5．Why were the friends confused about the writer's leaving?

A．He was tired of driving.

B．He suddenly quit school.

C．He would lose his friends.

D．He would lead a changing life.

解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一、二句可知，作者放弃了稳定的工作，去了旧金山附近的一个船屋，开始自己一种新的生活，他的朋友们对此很不理解。

6．What does the writer think of the guidance he got from American society?

A．It's specific.  B．It's wrong.

C．It's general.  D．It's correct.

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段内容，尤其是其中的“what I need was concrete advice but not a vague idea”可知，作者想要的是具体的建议，故可推知他认为他得到的指导是宽泛的。

7．What directly caused a lot of Americans to have jobs lower than their expectations?

A．Their achievable goals.

B．The practical guidance.

C．Being shocked by the real world.

D．Lacking professional competence.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The result of this upbringing is that many of my classmates did not specialize in any particular skill”可知，缺乏专业技能导致很多美国人只能做一些低层次的工作。

8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Stay where you are

B．Be whatever you want to be

C．Blind faith in industrial society

D．Mistaken belief in limitless possibilities

解析：选D　标题归纳题。文章作者指出当前美国的一个社会问题：父母没有给孩子提出具体的、明确的建议，而是教育其孩子把钱和权力当成生活的唯一目标，这导致很多孩子没有去认真学习专业技能，在走上社会之后受到了影响，只能去做一些很低层次的工作。根据最后一段中的“I'm not buying ... today's youth”可知，作者批评了这种教育方式，并且不再相信美国社会的“无限可能”的信念。

C

In the United States, the baby boomer generation include those that were born in the time after World War Ⅱ. Those babies have retired or are now reaching the retirement age. As these adults age, many of their adult children worry about how to take care of their aging parents. In the United States, it is not common for several generations to live under one roof. Once children grow up and get married, they move out, leaving their aging parents to care for themselves. When these aging parents can no longer take care of themselves because of age or illness, it is not uncommon for adult children in the US to place their elderly parents in a nursing home.

A nursing home is a place that offers care for the elderly and ill. As the name suggests, nursing homes have professionals include nurses, doctors and social workers to help aging adults deal with the challenges of daily life. And their mental health could be guaranteed for elderly people get relaxed, accompanied by those of the same age. Most nursing homes also have social activities for the elderly to participate in and keep active. These activities range from games to dance classes, and movie nights. Nursing homes are supposed to provide three nutritious meals for their residents (住户)．

Nursing homes are controversial, however. There have been cases across the country of staff in nursing homes treating the elderly residents badly and even robbing them. There are different states and federal agencies that are supposed to oversee (监管) nursing homes.

Some people feel that it should be the responsibility of family members, especially adult children, to care for their aging or ill parents. However, many adult children have their own children and families to take care of, and  do not have the means to care for their elderly parents; others worry about medical skills needed if their elderly parents are seriously ill. And these problems of caring for parents are bothering more and more adults in the US at present.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了美国的成年子女们目前面临的“养老问题”，介绍了“送养老院”和“在家养老”的利与弊，最后作者简要介绍了“在家养老”的实际困难，引发读者的思考。

9．What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A．When the baby boomer generation in the US were born.

B．Whether the elderly and their children should live together.

C．Why Americans put their elderly parents in nursing homes.

D．How Americans look after their aging parents differently.

解析：选C　段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，本段主要讲了成年子女们将年迈的父母送到养老院的历史原因和文化原因。

10．How many advantages of nursing homes are mentioned?

A．Three.　　　　　　　 B．Four.

C．Five.  D．Six.

解析：选B　细节理解题。第二段介绍了养老院的基本情况和四个优势。

11．What's the writer's attitude toward sending parents to nursing homes?

A．Indifferent.  B．Understandable.

C．Favorable.  D．Disapproving.

解析：选B　观点态度题。第二段介绍了养老院的相关情况，说明了养老院养老的优势；第三段介绍了养老院存在的问题，这是人们反对养老院养老的原因之一；最后一段中在However一词后作者介绍了成年子女也面临着实际困难，养老问题困扰着越来越多的美国成年人。所以作者对“养老院养老”是理解的。

12．What's the purpose of the text?

A．To discuss how to care for aging parents.

B．To ask the government to oversee nursing homes.

C．To prove nursing homes do more harm than good.

D．To show problems facing American adult children.

解析：选D　写作意图题。阅读全文可以看出，文章主要围绕美国成年子女们所面对的“养老问题”展开，这已成为美国的一大社会问题，面对这一现状，成年人大都选择将年迈的父母送去养老院，这是美国的传统观念和现实情况造成的，但这种养老方式却引起了争议。另一方面，“在家养老”虽然天经地义，但也面临很多难题。

tips 关注特定措辞，推断作者态度

所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。解答此类题目时，要根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。

例如上文第11题：