2022高考英语一轮复习主题训练一个人家庭社区及学校生活含解析

这是一份2022高考英语一轮复习主题训练一个人家庭社区及学校生活含解析，共14页。
主题训练(一)　个人、家庭、社区及学校生活大阅读——提升阅读速度·内化读文规律 (满分70分，限时55分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)A(2021·郑州质检)A month ago, I broke a nail. My other nails looked amazing, but now one was a mess. Clearly, there was no point in keeping the others, so I took out the nail scissors to cut them all off.“What are you doing, Mom？” my daughter cried. “Your nails look great! Don't cut them！”“But they're ruined，” I said, waving the broken one in her face.“They're not ruined，” she said. “You still have nine nails left！”I hesitated, with the scissors still in my hand. My nails certainly weren't perfect anymore, and the opposite of “perfect” is “ruined”， right? I mean, this is how I think about most things: It's all or nothing. Take my finances for example.I can spend weeks being sensible and buying only essential items, such as food for my family. And then one day, I'll see something expensive that I really like and buy it. Then, I think to myself “Well, I already spent $100 on that dress last week, so I may as well spend $50 on this lipstick (口红)” and give up saving entirely. I've thought about why I act this way, but I don't know what causes this behavior. I seem to go from “good” to “complete disaster” in a matter of moments. My brain only sees “perfection” or “disaster”， which is extremely unhelpful.We humans are never just good or bad — we are far more complex. We have wins and we have losses and, occasionally, they are hard to tell apart. Some people understand this instinctively (本能地), while others struggle. For most of us, learning not to do the thing we're used to requires effort and discomfort. However, we should remind ourselves that we sometimes make mistakes, and that this doesn't mean we've failed. We need to accept that things will sometimes go wrong.Indeed, failure is part of life. We all fall occasionally, and we normally get things straight back up. And so, with my daughter's words ringing in my ears, I decided to keep my nine nice nails. I feel annoyed every time I look at my hands, but I'm determined to live with my choice. It's a perfect exercise in imperfection. Maybe soon, I'll switch off my computer the next time I feel like I might buy something else I don't need, although I may need my daughter there to guide me again.语篇解读：本文通过讲述作者的个人经历启迪读者：不完美是生活的一部分，要学会接受它。1．Why did the author want to cut off her nails?A．She got all of them ruined.B．She didn't like long nails at all.C．She didn't want to have imperfect nails.D．She wanted to prevent them being broken.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“My nails certainly weren't perfect anymore, and the opposite of ‘perfect’ is ‘ruined’， right？”和对上文的整体理解可知，作者之所以要把指甲都剪掉是因为其中一个指甲断裂了，所以手指甲看起来就不完美了，故选C。2．What is the author's problem with her life?A．She is rather crazy about shopping.B．She looks at life in an extreme way.C．She is too careful with her finances.D．She is unwilling to change her mind.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“My brain only sees ‘perfection’ or ‘disaster’， which is extremely unhelpful”和倒数第二段第一句“We humans are never just good or bad — we are far more complex”可推知，作者看问题很极端，故选B。3．What does the author think of failure?A．It is just a normal part of life.B．It can help people to be stronger.C．It can completely destroy our life.D．It is something we need to overcome.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“We need to accept that things will sometimes go wrong”和最后一段第一句“Indeed, failure is part of life”可知，作者认为失败是生活的一部分，故选A。BWhile small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants. The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small, shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg­room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says. But it is not just the extra­tall whose needs are not being met. The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged. “The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king­size bed at 6′6″ (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men, while the standard 6′3″ bed caters for less than half of the male population.” Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, “seven­foot beds would work fine.”Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Small tables, which mean the long­legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere. Some have already taken note, however. At Queens Moat Houses' Caledoman Hotel in Edinburgh, 6′6″ beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors, particularly Americans. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个英国的高个子组织TPCGB在六个月以前向宾馆和酒店发起的针对高个子的一些特殊需求的活动。4．What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?A．To provide better services.B．To rebuild hotels and restaurants.C．To draw public attention to the needs of the tall.D．To attract more people to become its members.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants”可知，TPCGB是为了让公众注意高个子的一些特殊需求。故选C。5．Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy?A．7′2″　　　　　　　 B．7′C．6′6″   D．6′3″解析：选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, ‘seven­foot beds would work fine.’”可知，七英尺的床就够了。故选B。6．What may happen to restaurants with small tables?A．They may lose some customers.B．They may start businesses elsewhere.C．They have to find easy chairs to match the tables.D．They have to provide enough space for the long­legged.解析：选A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，如果饭店使用小的桌子，自然就失去了高个子这样一类群体的顾客。故选A。7．What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?A．Tall people pay more for larger beds.B．6′6″ beds have taken the place of 6′3″ beds.C．Special rooms are kept for Americans.D．Guest rooms are standardized.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“ ... 6′6″ beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors, particularly Americans.”可知，在爱丁堡，一个宾馆已将6.6英尺长的床作为标准放置在宾馆中。故选B。CIt's a little before 8 a．m. when Mathias Schergen pushes open the side door at Chicago's Jenner Elementary Academy for the Arts. He walks down the hall toward the office to sign in. It's the same routine he's had as Jenner's art teacher for nearly a quarter century. “It's going to be a good day，” a colleague calls out. “It's a good day.” They hug. It seems like a typical Friday. Except it's not. After 23 years at Jenner Elementary, Schergen is retiring. Even on his last day, there are still art projects to finish.Schergen leaves behind a rich legacy at this school. He's won grants (拨款) for art projects. He turned an empty classroom into a museum. He's pushed his students to make art about their lives. And he was awarded a Golden Apple — the most honorable teaching award in Chicago. But it wasn't always easy. For years, Schergen taught in one of the city's toughest neighborhoods. “When I first got my room I noticed there were bullet holes in the window. That made me nervous，” he says. So he stuffed Beanie Babies in the holes to make it “look kind of funny”. “I didn't even tell my wife for a whole year，” he says. “I didn't want her to know.”With one hour to go, Schergen piles the chairs and sweeps the floor. He cleans out the sink for the last time. Fifth­grader Deontae Barnes, one of his best helpers, has watched him say goodbye all day. He wanders in the doorway. “Ah, come here, son，” Schergen says, signaling him over. He bends down for a hug. “Thank you for making these last days special and being a help to me.”When Deontae leaves, a reporter asks Schergen：When your kids ask why you're retiring, what do you tell them? “I just tell them that grown people have dreams too，” he says. “I have other things in my life I have to do. It's time. It's just time.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要记叙了Mathias Schergen，一位令人尊敬的小学艺术老师，在上班的最后一天仍然尽职尽责的情况。8．Why is it a special Friday for Schergen?A．He was retiring on that day.B．He won an honor for his school.C．He was interviewed by a reporter.D．He received a Golden Apple award.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It seems like a typical Friday. Except it's not. After 23 years at Jenner Elementary, Schergen is retiring. Even on his last day, there are still art projects to finish”(这天似乎是一个平常的星期五，其实却不是。在詹纳小学待了23年之后，Schergen即将退休。即使在他上班的最后一天，也有艺术课题要完成)可知，这一天不同寻常是因为他这一天要退休。9．What does the underlined word “legacy” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．Art projects.　　　　　　　　 B．Great achievements.C．Respect from students.   D．Change in teaching.解析：选B　词义猜测题。下文介绍了Schergen为学校所作出的贡献、给学校带来的荣誉。这里的legacy指的就是他的成就。故答案为B。10．What made Schergen nervous when he first got to the school?A．Safety concerns in the school.B．The poorly­equipped classroom.C．Being misunderstood by his family.D．Students' poor academic performance.解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When I first got my room I noticed there were bullet holes in the window. That made me nervous”可知，有弹孔的窗户说明学校的安全令人担心，故答案为A。11．What is the best title for the text?A．A Typical Day for an Art TeacherB．Time for Art ProjectsC．A Teacher's Final Day at SchoolD．The Last Art Class解析：选C　标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了小学艺术老师Schergen最后一天上班的情景，故答案为C。DAsk a man in the street what education is for, and an immediate response might be “for equipping young people with the skills to get a job”. Well, yes, but is education not about a lot more than that?Indeed, I would argue that it is because our British education holds a higher ideal (理想) — equipping young people with self­confidence and an understanding of the world around them — that it is booming internationally.Yet I believe that what makes our education great is being threatened by the ever increasing focus on teaching to the test. The focus has arisen because only by testing children can we know what progress they have made. It's a paradox (自相矛盾), since the curriculum changes that are taking effect were designed to widen young people's knowledge of the world around them.But please do not misunderstand me. I am not suggesting that tests should be withdrawn. I am saying that schools need to have the confidence to aim much higher and wider than teaching to the test. They should put a rich learning experience for students first; the test should be used to validate (证实) learning, not an end in itself.Teachers count. A good many subject teachers know their departments have been short­changing their students, but they lack the self­confidence and support to move away from teaching to the test. So, what is the secret to getting back on track? What good schools have known all along is that a staff room full of teachers with a good knowledge of what they are teaching, together with a passion and skill for communicating it, lies at the heart of the best education. Teachers' insistence on putting their love of subjects first will produce more engaged (参与) students. And with more engaged students often come better examination results, greater self­confidence and so on.Schools should also find the self­confidence to put a focus on inspiring teachers who are keen to broaden what they teach. In this way, I believe educational achievement will improve.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对教育目的的探讨告诉我们，学校应拓宽其教学内容并设定更高更广泛的教育目标。12．Which is the purpose of education according to the author?A．Helping young people to have a job.B．Preparing students for all kinds of tests.C．Making young people behave confidently.D．Enabling young people to succeed in life.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，在作者看来，教育的目的在于让年轻人有自信并了解周围的世界。故选C。13．What does the author think of tests at present?A．Formal and competitive.B．Necessary but imperfect.C．Standard but worthless.D．Important and functional.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Yet I believe that ... what progress they have made”可知，为考试而教育的现状令作者担忧，而考试又是有必要的，因为考试能反映学生的进步情况；根据第四段中的“I am not suggesting that tests should be withdrawn”和“schools need to have the confidence to ... not an end in itself”可知，作者并没有建议取消考试，而是说学校应勇于追求比考试更广大的教育目标，考试本身不是教育的目的，而应被作为验证学习成果的方式。由此可推知，在作者看来，当下的考试必不可少但有一定缺陷。故选B。14．What should teachers do to face the challenge according to the author?A．Arrange interesting classes to students' taste.B．Train students according to new teaching standards.C．Encourage students to express their love of subjects.D．Feel confident to care about more than examinations.解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Teachers count ... they lack the self­confidence and support to move away from teaching to the test”“Teachers' insistence ... and so on”可知，虽然很多教师自己也知道学生被“亏待”了，但他们缺乏自信和支持来摆脱为考试而教育的方式；而作者认为教师将自己对学科的热爱放在首位能让学生的参与度更高，从而促成好的结果，比如更好的考试成绩、学生更自信等。由此可推知，作者认为教师的关注不应仅限于考试。故选D。15．What is a suitable title for the text?A．What is the future of British education?B．What is the true purpose of British education?C．Schools must aim higher than teaching to the testD．Schools should withdraw tests for the sake of students解析：选C　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文由“教育的目的是什么”开篇，进而论述了学校应拓宽其教学内容并设定更高更广泛的教育目的，而不仅仅注重考试。故C项作本文标题最佳。文章第四段中的“schools need to have the confidence to aim much higher and wider than teaching to the test”亦是提示。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) How to Be OrganizedPack your backpack with all your supplies before going to bed. __16__. This means you'll need to take books, pens, pencils, homework, review sheets, sticky notes, bookmarks and anything else that helps you stay organized.•Packing up before going to bed means you won't feel rushed in the morning and accidentally forget something.•Stick a copy of your class schedule somewhere in your house where you'll see it every day. __17__. That way, you'll know exactly what class you have and what materials you'll need.•Keep a folder (文件夹) for each subject so you can easily pack and find things. Staying organized in school is extremely important because if you are organized, you are one step ahead in being successful. __18__.•Use a weekly planner to write assignments and due dates. Use a weekly planner or calendar to write down important dates regarding assignments, quizzes, tests, and extracurricular activities. __19__. And checking off each completed task will give you a feeling of achievement.•__20__. Keeping all of your writing tools, folders, paper, and other necessities in one area will make it easier to find them. If you don't have a desk, get one and have a drawer for each group of items.A．See it carefully before leaving homeB．This will help you manage your time betterC．Try to come up with as many ideas as you canD．Write reminders to bring certain items in certain daysE．Arrange a certain area of your room or home for suppliesF．A good way to start off is to keep a folder for each subjectG．Be prepared for each day by making sure you have everything you need with you语篇解读：本文为说明文。条理性在日常生活学习中非常重要，有助于我们的学习。文章介绍了几个保持条理的方法。16．选G　根据空后的“This means you'll need to take ... helps you stay organized.”可知，G项的everything you need与之呼应。17．选D　根据空后的“That way, you'll know exactly what class you have and what materials you'll need.”可知，D项与之呼应。18．选F　根据空前的“Staying organized in school is extremely important because if you are organized, you are one step ahead in being successful.”可知，F项与之语意顺承，且与本段的“keep a folder”呼应。19．选B　根据空前的“Use a weekly planner or calendar to write down important dates”可知，B项“这会帮助你更好地安排时间”承接上文，符合语境。20．选E　本空后提到：把你所有的写作工具、文件夹、纸张和其他必需品放在一个会使你更容易找到它们的地方。由此可知，E项“在你的房间或家里安排一个特定的区域来放用品”符合题意。Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)From a young age, I always knew I was different. The vast majority of my classmates came from __21__ families, and did not know what financial aid was. __22__， the concept of a single parent was __23__ to them. And then there was me: dark­skinned, living in a poor community and __24__ by a single mother. I looked at these as things I should __25__.Entering high school, I __26__ well academically, but after years of hiding my __27__， I was not looking for a way to __28__ myself among my peers. And after two quick years, I was still that girl who often felt __29__.At the end of my sophomore year, a school club called Unity __30__ a video to the entire student body. The video was based on interviews with a group of students of color about their experiences being a minority in an independent school. I found myself able to __31__ their experiences and I liked the comments made by the students in the video. By the end, I realized that I wanted to __32__ a project like that; I knew I had a story to __33__.The next month I joined Unity. We met once a week and discussed topics __34__ with diversity. I learned that there is no sense in being __35__ of who I am. Instead, I should use my unique __36__ as something to motivate me to succeed.The next school year, Ms Carter, the supervisor (管理人) of Unity, __37__ me to speak to two groups of middle school students. I was __38__， but I realized that these students were learning from me. So I overcame the tension and ended up enjoying using my experiences to __39__ others. At that moment I was shedding (卸下) the layers of insecurity and showing who I __40__ am.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。黑色皮肤、生活贫困、生长在单亲家庭的作者一直试图去隐藏自己的身份。在高二结束的时候，作者加入了一个叫“团结”的社团，最终，他卸下了层层的不安全感，展现了真实的自我。21．A.wealthy　　　　　　　 B．worthyC．lucky   D．healthy解析：选A　根据本空后的“did not know what financial aid was”可知，“我”的大多数同学都来自富裕的家庭，他们不知道什么是经济援助。22．A.Instead   B．BesidesC．However   D．Therefore解析：选B　根据上下文内容可知，此处表示递进关系，需用Besides。23．A.unimportant   B．unnecessaryC．unusual   D．unforgettable解析：选C　根据常识并结合语境，此处表示单亲的概念对他们来说是不常见的。24．A.controlled   B．comfortedC．taught   D．raised解析：选D　根据语境可知，此处的意思是：“我”是黑色皮肤，生活在一个贫穷的社区，被一位单身母亲抚养长大。25．A.ignore   B．denyC．avoid   D．hide解析：选D　根据下文的“but after years of hiding my __27__”可知，“我”把这些看作是“我”应该隐藏的东西。26．A.played   B．performedC．pretended   D．prepared解析：选B　根据语境可知，进入高中后，“我”在学业上表现很好。27．A.character   B．attitudeC．identity   D．ability解析：选C　但是在隐藏了多年的身份之后，“我”并没有在寻找一种方法使自己在同龄人中脱颖而出。28．A.introduce   B．distinguishC．explain   D．analyze解析：选B　参见上题解析。29．A.insecure   B．stubbornC．special   D．foolish解析：选A　根据上下文及最后一段最后一句中的“I was shedding (卸下) the layers of insecurity”可知，两年后，“我”还是那个没有安全感的女孩。30．A.warned   B．predictedC．imagined   D．showed解析：选D　根据下一句中的“The video was based on ...”可知，在高中二年级结束的时候，一个名叫“团结”的俱乐部向全体学生播放了一段视频。31．A.understand   B．copyC．write   D．enjoy解析：选A　根据上下文内容可知，“我”发现自己能够理解视频中学生们的经历，并且很喜欢他们所作的评论。32．A.found   B．designC．start   D．attend解析：选D　根据下文中的“The next month I joined Unity.”可知，高中二年级结束的时候，“我”意识到“我”想参加这样的一个俱乐部。33．A.make   B．publishC．share   D．expose解析：选C　根据语境可知，“我”知道“我”有故事要分享。34．A.supplied   B．coveredC．filled   D．connected解析：选D　根据语境可知，“我们”每周会面一次，讨论与差异有关的话题。35．A.tired   B．ashamedC．careful   D．uncertain解析：选B　根据上下文内容可知，“我”明白了为自己的身份感到羞耻是没有意义的。36．A.advantages   B．challengesC．experiences   D．opinions解析：选C　根据最后一段中的“enjoying using my experiences”可知，相反，“我”应该用“我”独特的经历来激励自己成功。37．A.ordered   B．askedC．forced   D．permitted解析：选B　根据语境可知，第二年，俱乐部的管理人让“我”给两组中学生做演讲。38．A.nervous   B．shockedC．curious   D．puzzled解析：选A　根据下文的“So I overcame the tension”可知，“我”很紧张，但“我”意识到这些学生在向“我”学习。39．A.attract   B．appreciateC．encourage   D．evaluate解析：选C　根据上文中的“these students were learning from me”可知，“我”克服了紧张，最终很开心可以用自己的经验来鼓励别人。40．A.truly   B．simplyC．mainly   D．likely解析：选A　根据语境可知，在那一刻，“我”卸下了层层的不安全感，展现了真实的自我。精表达——夯实语言基础·提升表达能力Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Thanks to your help, we accomplished (完成) the task of translating the novel ahead of schedule.2．In my opinion, reading is an excellent (极好的) hobby.It can bring us enjoyment and success.3．To our satisfaction, Mr Howarth gave us very specific (具体的) instructions.4．Working hard can bring us abundant (充足的) knowledge that makes us keep studying and understanding the whole world.5．She has the potential (潜力) to become a champion.6．With Helen's strong will and intelligence, combined with her teacher's skill and patience, they overcame (克服) all the difficulties.7．Chinese Characters Dictation (听写) Competition is partly designed to arouse people's enthusiasm in Chinese.8．In learning English, I think we should preview (预习) the lessons that the teacher will teach before class, making marks where we have questions.9．He often consulted (查阅) a dictionary when he read the book.10．Only in that way can we accumulate (积累) much more knowledge, which can be put to use in the future.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．The boy looked at the box and then he opened it out of curiosity (curious)．2．I also find some English pronunciations (pronounce) rather confusing.3．He gave the speech without referring (refer) to his notes.4．I know that it is because I don't spend some time in memorizing (memory) what I have learnt in class in my spare time.5．I'll read all available English newspapers and magazines_to_enlarge (enlarge) my vocabulary.6．It is equally important for the learners of first and second language for accuracy (accurate)．7．English is a language that many people around the world may not speak perfectly (perfect) but can at least understand.8．I often chat in voice with some English net­pals in my spare time, which really contributes to my fluency (fluent) in oral English.9．The sounds of the Chinese and English languages are not exactly (exact) the same.10．Americans like to say “I guess” to mean “I think”， which is precisely (precise) what the British used 300 years ago.Ⅲ.完成句子1．Exchange opinions with your parents frequently so you both can be_on_good_terms_with each other. 经常和父母交换意见，这样你们双方的关系就会很融洽。2．Keeping_a_diary_in_English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability.用英语写日记是提高我们的英语写作能力的有效途径之一。3．As a matter of fact, the more a student is encouraged, the_harder_he_will_learn.事实上，一个学生越受鼓励，就越努力学习。4．Place books within_easy_reach_of your child, so they can enjoy looking at them on their own. 把书放在孩子容易够得着的地方，这样他们就可以自主享受读书的乐趣。5．He is_ready_to_help_others,_seldom, if ever, refusing them when they_turn_to_him.他非常乐意帮助别人，当别人求助于他的时候，如果曾经有过的话，他很少拒绝他们。Ⅳ.书面表达(2021·安徽十校联盟检测)假定你是新华中学的学生李华，在防控新冠肺炎疫情之际，你校旁边的留学生服务中心正在招募抗疫志愿者。请你给留学生服务中心工作人员写一封应聘信。内容包括：1．写信目的；2．个人优势；3．能做的事情。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：新冠肺炎 COVID­19; 垃圾箱 trash binDear Sir or Madam，　                                                                          　                                                                          Yours，Li Hua参考范文：Dear Sir or Madam，I'm Li Hua from Xinhua Middle School. I'd like to be a volunteer.All citizens are fighting against the COVID­19, so am I. Here are some things I can do. First, I can help to clean up our International Student Service Center. Then, I'm willing to help take the oversea students' temperature and urge them to wear masks properly. Besides, I can help give out masks and notices. What's more, I have a good command of English so that it's easy for me to tell them to use the special trash bins.I will try my best if I'm accepted.Yours，Li Hua