2022高考英语一轮复习主题训练十跨文化沟通包容与合作含解析

这是一份2022高考英语一轮复习主题训练十跨文化沟通包容与合作含解析，共15页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分30分)等内容，欢迎下载使用。
主题训练(十)　跨文化沟通、包容与合作大阅读——提升阅读速度·内化读文规律(满分70分，限时55分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)AINTRODUCTIONChinese Government Scholarship program for international students is established by the Ministry of Education (MOE) of the People's Republic of China aiming to promote Chinese higher education brand on an international basis. China Scholarship Council, entrusted by the MOE, holds the responsibility of verification (证实), approval and the routine management of the program.SCHOLARSHIP COVERAGETuition; campus accommodation fees; medical insurance and a monthly allowance.APPLICANTS·Applicants must be non­Chinese citizens and in good health.·Applicants for a master's degree program must have a bachelor's degree and be under 35.·Applicants for a doctoral degree program must have a master's degree and be under 40.APPLICATION1．Apply online at www.campuschina.org2．Mail application documents to East China Normal University (ECNU)·An application form for Chinese Government Scholarship.·The highest diploma and academic transcripts (学生成绩单) (notarized photocopies)．Documents in languages other than Chinese or English must be attached with notarized (经过公证的) translation in Chinese or English.·A research plan. It is required to be no more than 800 words.·Recommendation letters. Applicants for postgraduate studies must submit two letters of recommendation in Chinese or English by professors or associate professors.·A photocopy of Foreigner Physical Examination Form. Please select the appropriate time to take medical examination as it is valid for only 180 days.·The HSK (Chinese Proficiency Test) certificate.·The processing fee. The bank wire receipt should be enclosed in the application package.3．Application dateYour application documents should reach the International Students Office of ECNU by April 30th.APPROVAL AND NOTIFICATIONThe result will be posted online at http：//lxs.ecnu.edu.cn by the end of June.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了中国为国际学生设立的中国政府奖学金项目的具体情况。1．What do we know about the program?A．There is no age limit for applicants.B．The application is due on June 30th.C．It is only for international students.D．There are two websites for application.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Chinese Government Scholarship program for international students ...on an international basis”可知，这个项目只针对国际学生。故选C。2．What will applicants have to pay according to the text?A．Tuition.B．Processing fees.C．All living costs.D．Medical examination charge.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据APPLICATION部分中的“The processing fee.The bank wire receipt ... package.”可知，申请者需支付手续费。3．What can we infer from the text?A．Longer research plans are preferred.B．The HSK certificate is valid for only 180 days.C．Government officials give recommendation letters.D．Education certificates in Chinese or English are accepted.解析：选D　推理判断题。根据APPLICATION部分中的“Documents in languages ... in Chinese or English”可推知，英语或汉语版本的教育证书都是可以接受的。B(2021·兰州诊断)In the past decade, the use of social media has grown in a way that no one could have guessed. It has turned some teenagers into celebrities and turned the famous into the infamous, overnight.A key feature of social media, however, is its volatility. Trends come and go, disappearing almost as quickly as they appeared. So, what were the key social media trends of 2018?Short video apps such as TikTok and its Chinese equivalent (等同物) Douyin, took the world by storm. The telegraph reported that TikTok was ranked 8th on Apple's App store in April. And Douyin had more than 300 million domestic monthly active users in June at home, CNBC said.Why are these short videos — which are rarely longer than a few minutes — so popular? Jiang Yige, Singapore­based analyst at FengHe Fund Management, has a theory. “Short videos are just right to fill in the little gaps in our busy schedules，” he told CNBC.These videos — apart from being very convenient — are important to teenagers because they allow them to express themselves, according to Teen Vogue.Liza Koshy, a user of the US app Musical.ly who has over 2 million followers, said, “The sense of community that users of short video apps get is another appealing feature.”Live streaming (直播) is a feature of our social media life that now seems as natural as sunrise. It's a pretty neat idea: You can watch anyone, anywhere, live. However, China has taken live streaming to a whole new level. In China, more than 100 million viewers monthly watch a live streaming video. Forbes thought that a number of factors had led to the popularity of live streams. Among them is viewers' ability to interact with unknown names.However, the quick development of social media may be having side effects too. Fake news is one serious problem it causes. Materials shared on these platforms are often not checked for accuracy. The most basic content can be false and can mislead users one way or another. We use social media all the time; that doesn't mean that we understand the influence it is having on us. We should be mindful of both the time we spend on it and its impact on our minds.语篇解读：在过去的十年里，社交媒体平台迅猛发展。文章主要分析了短视频和直播流行的原因，并提到媒体平台也存在许多负面影响。4．The underlined word “volatility” in Paragraph 2 possibly means “being ________”．A．changeable　　　　　　　 B．steadyC．promising   D．violent解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“Trends come and go, disappearing almost as quickly as they appeared”可知，潮流更迭很快，由此可推知，社交媒体的一个主要特点就是其多变性，故A项正确。5．According to Liza Koshy, short videos are very popular because ________.A．they are very convenientB．they help people kill timeC．they provide a sense of communityD．they allow people to express themselves解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“The sense of community that users of short video apps get is another appealing feature”可知，根据Liza Koshy，短视频受欢迎的原因在于它们能让用户获得一种社区意识。故选C。6．What do we know about social media?A．The information from social media is totally reliable.B．When it comes to social media, people only know short videos.C．People can't communicate with each other without social media.D．There is still much room for social media to make improvement.解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，社交媒体的迅速发展带来了一些负面影响，由此可推知，社交媒体还有需要改进的地方。故选D。7．What is the author's attitude to the quick development of social media?A．Objective.   B．Subjective.C．Favorable.   D．Disapproving.解析：选A　观点态度题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了社交媒体的流行趋势及其流行的原因，并提到了社交媒体的弊端。由此可推知，作者对社交媒体的迅速发展持客观的态度。故选A。C“While extroverts (性格外向者) often make great first impressions with their outgoing manner and lively personalities in interviews, their value and reputation at work diminish (缩减) over time，” says Corinne Bendersky, an associate professor of management.“Extroverts disappoint us over time when they're part of a team，” Bendersky says. “On a team you're expected to work hard and contribute a lot.  But they're often poor listeners, and they don't collaborate.”“On the other hand, introverts (性格内向者) work hard on a team because they care what others think of them. They don't want to be seen as not pulling_their_weight or contributing 100%，” Bendersky says.So while companies may be attracted to hiring extroverts because they impress managers greatly in job interviews, bosses also may want to consider whether the extrovert they are considering will be a valuable team player, Bendersky says.Amy Jen Su and Muriel Maignan Wilkins, two writers, agree and say managers should recognize the strengths of introverted employees, such as their ability to put themselves in someone else's shoes.“These team members are often easy­going, which can make them exceptional mentors to more junior staff or particularly good sounding boards when you interact with them in one­on­one situations，” Su says.“Managers must try to help introverts find their voice，” Wilkins says. “Help them see that speaking up is not about self­promotion or being in conflict but rather about offering the team key insights, making better decisions or increasing the efficiency for all.”What about those extroverts who never seem to be at a loss for words? Should managers cut them off? Managers definitely should weigh in on how an extrovert is affecting others. Wilkins suggests saying something in private to make adjustments.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。讲述了外向型性格的人会给面试官留下良好的第一印象，但是他们常不善于合作，没有团队精神；而内向型性格的人则工作努力，顾及别人的感受，性格随和。公司在招聘人才时，应当注意不同性格的人的特点。8．What do we know about outgoing people according to Bendersky?A．They are good listeners.B．They are good at cooperating.C．They often make great contributions.D．They tend to perform well in interviews.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，性格外向的人往往会在面试中给面试官留下良好的第一印象，故D项正确。9．Which can best replace the underlined part “pulling their weight” in Paragraph 3?A．Trusting others.B．Making good choices.C．Doing their full share of work.D．Trying to share their thoughts.解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的第一句可知，内向的人在团队中努力工作，因为他们在意别人对他们的看法。结合画线词所在的句子“They don't want to be seen as not pulling their weight or contributing 100%”可知，他们不想被视为没有尽到自己的本分或没有做出全部贡献。据此可推知，画线词意为“尽本分”，故C项正确。10．What is Su's attitude towards Bendersky's words?A．Critical.   B．Tolerant.C．Doubtful.   D．Approving.解析：选D　观点态度题。根据第三段可知，Bendersky认为内向者在团队中工作努力；又根据第五段中的“Amy Jen Su and Muriel Maignan Wilkins, two writers, agree and say managers should recognize the strengths of introverted employees”可知，Su赞同并表示管理者应该认识到性格内向员工的长处。据此可知，Su赞同Bendersky的观点。D项意为“赞成的，同意的”，故D项正确。A项意为“批评的，批判的”，B项意为“宽容的”，C项意为“怀疑的”，都与语境不符。11．What does Wilkins advise managers to do?A．Promote more introverts.B．Learn to work more efficiently.C．Encourage introverts to speak up.D．Avoid conflict among employees.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Managers must try to help introverts find their voice”并结合该段其他内容可知，Wilkins建议管理者鼓励内向的人勇于表达自己的观点，为团队提供自己的意见，故C项正确。D(2021·合肥质检)We can have video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of a mountain. But communicating with a submarine (潜艇) or a diver is not so easy. The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater airborne (空气传播的) devices has long been a frustration for scientists. The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of water rather than reaching the air.Now, researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication. “What we've shown is that it's actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air，” says Fadel Adib, a professor at MIT's Media Lab, who led the research.The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface, making vibrations (震动) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data. A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations. The researchers call the system TARF. It has any number of potential real­world uses, Adib says. It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a plane's black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.Right now the technology is low­resolution. The initial study was conducted in the MIT swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 feet. The next steps for the researchers are to see if TARF is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditions — high waves, storms, schools of fish. They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the other direction — air to water. If the technology proves successful in real­world conditions, expect “texting while diving” to be the latest underwater fashion.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项麻省理工学院的科学家发明的从水下与地面上的人进行通信的技术。12．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1?A．The future of video chat underwater and in air.B．The frustrations of developing underwater devices.C．The difficulty of communication from water to air.D．The current situation of communicating with a submarine.解析：选C　段落大意题。通读第一段的内容可知，该段主要讲的是从水下与地面上的人进行通信非常困难，因此C项正确。13．What does the underlined word “feasible” mean?A．Achievable.   B．Convenient.C．Changeable.   D．Alternative.解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了一种可能改变水下通信的方法，使从水下与地面上的人进行沟通成为可能，故画线词与A项“可实现的”意思最相近，故选A。14．What do we know about TARF?A．It is widely used to find downed planes.B．It can work well at great depths underwater.C．It is an underwater machine that sends signals.D．It can send, receive and read signals from underwater.解析：选D　推理判断题。文章第三段详细讲述了TARF系统的工作原理：该系统使用一个水下机器向水面发送声呐信号，使震动与数据的1和0对应，然后水面接收器读取并对这些微小的震动进行重新编码，这样可以从水下与地面上的人进行通信。因此D项正确。15．What is the best title for the text?A．The Real­world Uses of Sonar TechnologyB．Full Water­to­air Communication Closer to RealityC．A Breakthrough in the Application of Video ChatD．TARF Becoming a New Means of Communication 解析：选B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发明的一种解决从水下与地面上的人无法进行通信联系这个难题的系统，研究人员将会把它投入到真实的状况下进行验证，因此B项最适合作本文标题。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) (2021·兰州诊断)Have you ever wondered what the real meaning of the saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed” is? __16__. True friendship is the one, in which the individuals do not have to maintain good manners with each other. Sharing true friendship is the situation, when the person you are talking about is regarded as one among your family members, when the relation you share with him or her reaches a stage that even if you don't correspond for some time, your friendship remains unchanged.The trust between best friends is such that if one friend falls in trouble, the other will not think twice to help. If the bond between two friends is strong, true friends can tolerate even long distances. __17__. It would not affect their friendship.__18__. They would face it together and support each other, even if it is against the interests of the other person. Best friends don't analyze each other and they don't have to do so. They accept each other with their positive and negative qualities. __19__. They know each other's strengths as well as weaknesses. One would not overpower the other. They would respect each other's individuality. In fact, they would understand the similarities and respect the differences.True friendship is marked by selflessness. Best friends support each other, even if the whole world opposes them. __20__. If you have even one true friend, consider yourself lucky.A．True friendship never fades awayB．Nothing is hidden between true friendsC．It is not easy getting true friends for the lifetimeD．For them, geographical separation is just a part of lifeE．True friends don't desert each other when one is facing troubleF．Remember, all the best friends are friends, but not all friends can be the best friendsG．People talk about the true value of friendship actually without knowing what it stands for语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在生活中，真正的友谊不会拘泥于各种礼仪，彼此间都以诚相待，会毫不犹豫地帮助对方。16．选G　空前一句是说，你曾经想知道“患难见真情”的真正含义吗；后一句解释了什么是真正的友谊；由此可推知，空处应是说很多人并不了解真正的友谊的含义。故选G。17．选D　根据前一句中的“long distances”可知，此处叙述的是地理分离对双方的影响，这与D项中的“geographical separation”相呼应。故选D。18．选E　根据空后一句中的“face it together and support each other”可知，此处讲述的是真正的朋友会共同面对困难并互相支持，这与E项中的“don't desert each other”相联系。故选E。19．选B　根据空后一句中的“They know each other's strengths as well as weaknesses”可知，真正的朋友知道对方的优点和缺点，双方坦诚相见，故B项符合语境。20．选C　根据空后一句可知，即使你只有一位真正的朋友，那你也应该感到幸运；由此可推知，C项“获得一生的真正的朋友并不容易”符合语境。Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)Yesterday I was walking along a busy road when I noticed a young man standing near the pedestrian crossing，selling toys.Usually I would __21__ and hurry past such sellers before being approached to buy something. But I found this young man was __22__， so I stood for some time without crossing the street. I wanted to see __23__ he sold his toys.__24__， a young mother with a small child came by and the child was __25__ by one of the toys in a large box that made a noise. The young mother asked for the __26__ and it was charged at only one dollar. She __27__ a 10­dollar note from her purse and told the young man that she was giving him 10 dollars and wanted the __28__ back. I was wondering how he was going to give it back. He told the young mother to put the money in the bag __29__ his neck and take out __30__ change he owed her. She then put her hand into the bag and took out the balance while I was __31__ her like a hawk (鹰)．I realized that this young man depended on __32__ people not to cheat him. There was no __33__ of him knowing if someone took out more than they should have done. I was so __34__ by how this disabled man believed in people that I bought a toy from him I didn't __35__ at all.He said it cost one dollar and I, too, told him that I had only a 10­dollar note. He told me to do the __36__ thing. So I put my 10 dollars in his __37__. I put my hand in, but didn't take any change. I hope he will find that he has more __38__ than he should when he gets home. As I walked down the street I saw another kid walking with his father, __39__ I gave him the little toy. Then, I walked on, hoping that two people would have a __40__ smile on their faces that day.21．A.ignore   B．lookC．pause   D．help解析：选A　根据下文的“hurry past such sellers”可知，作者在这种情况下通常是不理会、匆忙走过去的。22．A.patient   B．honestC．blind   D．strange解析：选C　根据下文的“this disabled man”可知，这个卖玩具的年轻人是个残疾人，结合选项可知选C。23．A.why   B．whetherC．when   D．how解析：选D　根据下文的“I was wondering how he was going to give it back.”可知，作者当时想一探究竟，看这个盲人是如何卖东西的。24．A.Quickly   B．ShortlyC．Finally   D．Quietly解析：选B　根据语境可知，不一会儿就有人来光顾这名男子的摊位了。25．A.attracted   B．annoyedC．caught   D．driven解析：选A　由下文这位母亲买玩具可知，小孩子被玩具吸引了。26．A.bargain   B．reasonC．discount   D．price解析：选D　结合下文的“and it was charged at only one dollar”可知，这位年轻的母亲是在询问玩具的价格。27．A.searched for   B．pulled outC．picked up   D．emptied out解析：选B　根据下文的“a 10­dollar note from her purse”可推知，年轻的母亲从钱包里掏出10美元。pull out“掏出”。28．A.note   B．toyC．change   D．deal解析：选C　根据语境及“wanted the ________ back”的提示可推知，此处表示要找回的零钱。change“零钱”。29．A.tied to   B．dropping fromC．carried on   D．hanging around解析：选D　根据下文的“his neck”可推知，年轻男子的脖子上挂着个袋子，是收钱用的。30．A.whichever   B．whateverC．however   D．whoever解析：选B　whatever引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰名词change，符合语境。31．A.watching   B．suspectingC．checking   D．following解析：选A　与下文的“like a hawk (鹰)”呼应，作者当时在仔细打量这位母亲，watch sb. like a hawk为固定用法。32．A.begging   B．convincingC．trusting   D．encouraging解析：选C　根据下文的“this disabled man believed in people”可知，这个年轻人相信人们不会欺骗他。trust“信任，相信”。33．A.point   B．wayC．chance   D．doubt解析：选B　因为这个年轻商贩是个盲人，因此别人多拿了零钱他也没办法知道。34．A.demanded   B．surprisedC．touched   D．influenced解析：选C　根据语境可知，残疾的年轻商贩对人们的信赖感动了作者，所以作者也买了一个玩具。35．A.need   B．knowC．value   D．store解析：选A　根据下文的“at all”可推知，作者当时并不需要玩具，纯粹是被年轻人的信赖所感动。36．A.opposite   B．goodC．equal   D．same解析：选D　根据语境可推知，年轻商贩要作者和之前的买家一样去自己拿零钱。37．A.hand   B．bagC．box   D．pocket解析：选B　与上文的“He told the young mother to put the money in the bag __29__ his neck”呼应，作者也把钱放进了商贩挂在脖子上的袋子里。38．A.money   B．forgivenessC．confidence   D．appreciation解析：选A　结合上文的“I put my hand in, but didn't take any change.”可推知，作者没有拿回零钱，那么商贩回家后就会发现多了钱。39．A.but   B．orC．so   D．for解析：选C　根据语境可知，空处前后表示逻辑上的因果关系，这与上文作者买了根本不需要的玩具呼应。40．A.ready   B．politeC．gentle   D．broad解析：选D　根据上文的“but didn't take any change”“I gave him the little toy”可推知，作者没有拿回零钱以及赠予了小孩儿玩具，作者希望商贩和小孩儿都应该很开心。broad smile表示“满面的笑容。” 精表达——夯实语言基础·提升表达能力Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Representing (代表) our school, I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.2．“We cannot simply bury (埋葬) the past and then expect to find true peace，” he said.3．If you are lost in the mountains, keep_calm (镇静的) in the face of darkness and loneliness.4．With a large number of people taking part in camping (野营), it has now become one of the most popular activities in the UK.5．I don't know the reason why he_canceled_(取消) his appointment with his friends.6．I regularly compare (比较) what I think with what others have thought.7．As students, there are many ways that we can serve the community_(社区；社会)．8．We sincerely hope you can come and enjoy it. If you have any questions about it, you can contact (联系) us.9．When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed in conversation_(谈话)．10．We can't confirm (证实) that food from cloned animals is really safe for humans to eat.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．He has some acquaintance with German, but he doesn't speak it fluently.2．The book described the adaptation (adapt) of desert species to the hot conditions.3．He awoke to find himself lying uncomfortably (comfort) on this hard, cold floor.4．Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior to any other candidate.5．The writer's writing style was what people remarked on/upon most at the meeting.6．He was robbed last night, but fortunately (fortune) he didn't have much money on him then.7．Most of the students are willing to_condemn (condemn) his deed in the class as lack of manners.8．If you think you can drink so much without damaging your health, then you're mistaken (mistake)．9．We had no hesitation (hesitate) in helping the sufferers when the terrible earthquake hit the country.10．Sometimes the couples should make compromises (compromise) with each other in order to live harmoniously.Ⅲ.完成句子1．  What are some situations where_we_need_to_be_very_careful_about_our_body_language_and_gestures?在什么样的场合我们需要非常注意我们的肢体语言和手势呢？2．  An actor's body language plays_an_important_part_in_telling_the_audience_aboutthe_character they are playing.一个演员的肢体语言在告诉观众他们表演的角色时起到很重要的作用。3．If we can't understand the cultural differences between different countries, it_may_cause_misunderstanding.如果我们不了解不同国家之间的文化差异，这可能会引起误解。4．But we found the fact that the_first_impression_begins_with_a_handshake at the beginning of the interview.但是我们发现第一印象以面试刚开始时的握手开始。5．There is no denying the fact that 93%_of_human_communication_is_delivered_through_body_language.不可否认的是，人类信息交流中的93%靠肢体语言来传递。Ⅳ.书面表达假如你是学生会主席李华。你校将于3月30日举办“大湾区与我”(The Greater Bay Area and Me)英文演讲比赛，以加强粤港澳姐妹学校间的交流与合作。11所高中共30位学生将参加比赛。请给外教史密斯先生写一封电子邮件，邀请他当评委并作点评。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。  参考范文：Dear Mr. Smith，I am Li Hua, president of the Students' Union. We will hold an English speech contest at our school on March 30 and I'd like to invite you to be the judge of the contest.This contest is intended to strengthen exchanges and cooperation between sister schools in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau. The theme is “The Greater Bay Area and Me”， and a total of 30 students from 11 high schools will take part in it. Should you accept, you'd be expected to grade each student's presentation and make your comments about their performance. I know the students would be very grateful for your participation.I would really appreciate it if you could write back to me and tell me your decision by the end of the week.Yours sincerely，Li Hua