2021_2022学年新教材高中英语语法精讲4定语从句课件+学案译林版必修第一册

语法精讲4 定语从句

定语从句

1．关系副词引导的限制性定语从句

(1)when的用法

when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time, day, morning, night, week, year等表示时间的名词。

There was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.

曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光抑或是花朵都不能令我着迷。

[特别注意]　先行词是表示时间的词时，关系词是否用when，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。

We still remember the days when we spent our holiday together.

我们仍然记得我们在一起度假的那些日子。(when在从句中作时间状语)

It happened the day that/which the marriage took place.

事情就发生在举行婚礼的那天。

(2)where的用法

where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place, spot, street,  house, room, city, town, country等表示具体地点的名词或point(地步)，case(情况)，situation(情形)，position(位置)，stage(阶段)等表示抽象地点的名词。

The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theatre is preparing to close down.

这部电影以一座小镇为背景，这座小镇上唯一的电影院即将倒闭。

What are some situations where body language is the only form of communication?

在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式？

[特别注意]　先行词是表示地点的词时，关系词是否用where，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。

This is the house where we visited the famous writer last year.

去年我们就是在这所房子里拜访了那位著名作家。(where在从句中作地点状语)

The house (that/which) we visited last year is over 500 years old.

去年我们参观的那座房子有500多年的历史了。(that/which在从句中作宾语)

(3)why的用法

why指原因或理由，它的先行词一般为reason，why在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。

I have come around to explain the reason why (＝for which) I was absent from the meeting.

我来是为了解释我当时没有到会的原因的。

[特别注意]　先行词是reason时，关系词是否用why，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。

This is the reason why he was late.

这就是他迟到的原因。(why在从句中作原因状语)

Please tell me the reason (that/which) he explained to you.

请告诉我他给你解释的原因。(that/which在从句中作宾语)

(4)the way作先行词

首先要确定关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。

①如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that或which，作宾语时，关系代词可省略。

The way (that/which) he thought of to solve the problem was not practical.

他所想到的解决这个问题的方法不切实际。

②如果关系词在定语从句中作状语，则用关系词in which，that或省略。

This is the way (that/in which/不填) he learns English.

这就是他学习英语的方法。

  即学即练1　单句语法填空

(1)I often think of the days ________ we spent on the island together.

(2)There are some reasons ________ they do this.

(3)The first thing I would say is that the way ________ you begin the conversation is very important.

(4)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.

2．使用定语从句应该注意的问题

(1)定语从句中的主谓一致问题

当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词保持一致。下面是定语从句在实际运用中需要注意的几个主谓一致的问题：

①I作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的人称和数应该与I保持一致。

I, who am your teacher, will try to solve all kinds of questions.

我作为你的老师，会尽力解决各种各样的问题。

②当关系代词as或which指代整个主句，且作从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.

众所周知，中国已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。

③当“one of＋the(＋形容词最高级)＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。

The Summer Palace is one of the world­famous places of interest that draw lots of visitors.

颐和园是吸引着大批游客的世界名胜之一。

The Lord of the Rings is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.

《指环王》是好莱坞制作的最精彩的电影之一。

[特别注意]　当“the only one of＋the(＋形容词最高级)＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是the only one，从句的谓语动词要用单数形式。

This is the only one of the songs in the album that is sung in English.

这是这张专辑中唯一一首英文歌曲。

Titanic is the only one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.

在这些最精彩的电影中，《泰坦尼克号》是唯一一部好莱坞制作的影片。

(2)from where, since/until/by when也可以引导定语从句

He stood on top of the hill, from where he could see the Yangtze River.

他站在山顶上，从那里他能看到长江。(from where＝from which place)

The book was written in 1946, since when the education system has seen great changes.

这本书著于1946年，从那时起教育体制发生了重大变化。(since/until/by when＝since/until/by which time)

  即学即练2　(1)①This is one of the most interesting films that ________ (be) shown last week.

②This is the only one of the most interesting films that ________ (be) shown last week.

(2)①He has two sons, both of ________ are college students.

②He has two sons, and both of ________ are college students.

(3)①He still lives in the room ________ window faces east.

②He still lives in the room, the window of ________ faces east.

③He still lives in the room ________ is on the third floor.

④He still lives in the room ________ there is a beautiful table.

(4)①After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ________ urgently needed clean water and medicine.

②After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ________ clean water and medicine were needed.

(5)①A housing bubble is an economic situation ________ occurs when house prices rise much too fast.

②It's helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently.

(6)①I'll never forget the days ________ we studied together.

②I'll never forget the days ________ we spent together.

(7)①This is the only way ________ you can find.

②I don't like the way ________ he spoke to his mother.

(8)①Is this the museum ________ they visited last month?

②Is this the museum to ________ they paid a visit last month?

(9)①It was 10 o'clock ________ they went out of the cinema.

②It was at 10 o'clock ________ they went out of the cinema.

【随堂自测】

用关系代词、关系副词或“介词＋关系代词”完成句子

1．When I arrived, my friend took me to see the house ________ I would be staying.

2．We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.

3．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.

4．Many young people, most ________ were well­educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.

5．—Do you have anything to say for yourself?

—Yes, there is one point ________ I must insist on.

6．Self­driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.

7．—Are you familiar with the music?

—Yes. There was a time ________ this kind of music was quite popular.

8．I saw a house, the windows of ________ were broken.

9．She has two sons, both of ________ graduated from Harvard University.

10．This is the apartment in ________ you once lived.

11．The reason ________ he explained at the meeting sounds reasonable.

12．I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.

13．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ________ uses it differently.

14．It was in the village ________ he once lived that he got his junior education.

15．September 30 is the day by ________ you must pay your bill.

16．Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.

17．It is generally believed that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ________ life has developed gradually.

18．—What do you think of teaching, Bob?

—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting.

19．The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

20．The USA is a country ________ many different dialects are spoken.

语法精讲④　定语从句

[即学即练1]　(1)which/that　(2)for which/why　(3)that/in which　(4)in which/where

[即学即练2]　(1)①were　②was　(2)①whom　②them　(3)①whose　②which　③which/that　④where　(4)①who/and　②where　(5)①which/that　②where　(6)①when　②which/that　(7)①that　②that/in which　(8)①which/that　②which　(9)①when　②that

随堂自测

用关系代词、关系副词或“介词＋关系代词”完成句子

1．where　2.when　3.which　4.of whom　5.that/which　6.where/in which　7.when　8.which　9.whom　10.which

11．that/which　12.when/in which　13.which　14.where　15.which　16.where/in which　17.where　18.where/in which　19.when/in which/during which　20.where