中考英语词性转换解题技巧及易错点讲解学案

这是一份中考英语词性转换解题技巧及易错点讲解学案，共13页。学案主要包含了考点分析，专题详解等内容，欢迎下载使用。

词性转换题是中考的必考题型。词性转换要求学生根据具体的句子，用所给单词的正确形式填空。主要考查考生对词汇的掌握程度以及对一些常用的词缀的使用。词形转换是指同一词根派生出的名词、形容词、副词、动词以及反义词等词形的相互转换。

二、专题详解
词性转换解题技巧强化
解题策略：
仔细阅读题干，正确理解上下文。
判断空白处应填哪种词性。
根据所给词进行转化，使之变为相应的词。
仔细检查，确定答案。
解题依据必定是从句子成分上来分析所填词的词性。例如：名词多作主语或宾语，形容词多作定语或表语，动词作谓语等。
解题技巧
1. 形容词修饰名词；
2. 副词修饰形容词；
3. 名词修饰名词
4. 前面是不定代词（sme（smething，smebdy，smene），any（anything，anybdy，anyne），n（nthing，nbdy，n ne）， every（everything，everybdy，everyne，），all，each，bth，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，ther（s），anther，nne，ne，either， neither等）
所填词多为名词；
5. 前面是助动词（be, have, has,d, des,shall, did,will, shuld, wuld），所填词多为动词；
掌握词性转换的基本知识和词性变化规则，尤其是常见的后缀变化。根据所判断的词类，联想所填词可能出现的形式或可能搭配的后缀。
词性转换分类汇总
I．形容词——副词
1、加ly
quiet安静的 quick 快速的 slw慢的 beautiful美丽的 bright明亮的 careful仔细的 certain一定
clear清楚 lud大声 sad难过的 wide广泛 serius严重的 usual通常 final最后 safe安全
real真的 recent最近的 main主要的 accurate精确的
2、去y加ily
easy容易的 heavy大量
angry生气的 hungry饥饿的
happy 快乐的 lucky幸运的
3、le结尾的，去e变y
pssible可能 gentle轻柔的
4、不变
hard难的；努力地，猛烈地 fast 快
early早 late 晚
enugh足够 straight笔直
II. 动词——名词
1、 加er、r、ress
加er
farm 耕种—农民 drive 驾驶—驾驶员 司机teach 教—老师 wrk 工作—工人 write 写—作家
reprt 报道—记者 win 赢(winner)—获胜者 wn 拥有—wner拥有者 paint画、粉刷---画家
manage 经营—经理 recrd 记录—录音机
加r
act--actr 男演员 visit—visitr观光者 invent--inventr 发明家 calculate—calculatr计算器
加ress
wait—waitress女服务员 act—actress女演员
2、 加in结尾
add—additin 增加 cllect—cllectin 收集 discuss—discussin讨论 decide—decisin决定
invent—inventin发明物 invite—invitatin 邀请 perate—peratin手术 pllute—pllutin 污染
review—revisin 复习 slve—slutin解答 rganize—rganizatin组织 lcate—lcatin地点
suggest—suggestin建议 prtect---prte ctin 保护
3、 加ing
begin—beginning开始 build—building大楼 say—saying 谚语 paint—painting 绘画
meet—meeting 会议
4、 其他
serve—service 服务 speak—speech 演讲、言语 fish—fisherman 渔夫 enter—entrance 入口
knw—knwledge 知识 weigh—weight 重量 please—pleasure 愉快 develp—develpment 发展
chse—chice选择 tur—turist 游客die—death 死亡 succeed—success 成功
fly—flight 飞行、航班 memrize—memry 记忆mix—mixture 混合物 ck—ck 厨师
save—safety 安全 act—activity 活动 able—ability 能力
III. 名词——名词
art艺术—artist画家 science—scientist 科学家city—citizen市民 custm—custmer 顾客
ffice—fficer 官员 engine—engineer工程师 friend—friendship 友谊
business—businessman男商人 business—businesswman女商人
library—librarian 图书管理员 law法律—lawyer律师
IV. 名词——形容词
1、 名词后加ful
care—careful 小心的 use—useful 有用的 help—helpful有帮助的 thank—thankful 感激的
wnder—wnderful精彩的 pwer—pwerful 强大的 harm—harmful 有害的
2、名词后加y
clud—cludy 多云的 rain—rainy 下雨的 wind—windy 有风的 snw—snwy 下雪的
sun—sunny 晴朗的 nise—nisy 吵闹的 health—healthy 健康的 fun—funny 滑稽的
luck—lucky 幸运的
3、名词后加ly
friend—friendly 友好的 lve—lvely 可爱的 live—lively 活泼的
4、形容词以al 结尾
natin—natinal 国家的 educatin--educatinal 教育的 nature—natural 自然的
traditin—traditinal 传统的 medicine—medical 医药的 physics—physical 物理的
chemistry—chemical 化学的 histry—histrical 历史的
5、名词末尾的ce变成t
difference(s)—different 不同 imprtance—imprtant 重要的
6、名词后加en
wd—wden木制的 gld—glden金色的 (wl—wlen 羊毛的)
7、名词以ness结尾
kindness仁慈—kind仁慈的 illness病 疾病--- ill有病的 不健康的
8、形容词后加y
difficult—difficulty 困难 hnest—hnesty诚实
9、形容词后加dm
free—freedm 自由 wise—wisdm 聪明
10、其他
danger—dangerus 危险的ffice—fficial 官方的、正式的fl傻瓜—flish 愚蠢的
west—western 西方的height高度— high高的 length长度—lng 长的
favur恩惠—favurite 最喜欢的 freigner外国人—freign 外国的 hme家—hmeless 无家可归的
expense费用—expensive 昂贵的 truth真相—true 真实的
wund创伤—wunded 受伤的pleasure—pleasant 另人愉快的/ pleased 满意的
respnse相应 反映--- respnsible 负责的 有责任的
electricity电—electric电的 —electrical 与电有关的—electrnic 电子的
V. 动词——形容词
interest引起兴趣—interesting 有趣的/ interested 感兴趣的
excite—exciting 令人激动的/ excited激动的 freeze—freezing 寒冷的/ frzen 冷冻的
frighten—frightening 令人害怕的/ frightened害怕的
frget—frgetful健忘的 / unfrgettable 难忘的 depend—independent 独立的 有主见的
like—likely很有可能发生的 有希望的 realize意识到—real 真的
break—brken 碎的 fllw—fllwing 下面的 fill—full 满的、饱的
enjy—enjyable使人愉快的 change—changeable 多变的 act—active 积极的
attract—attractive 吸引人的 die—dead 死的 widen拓宽—wide 宽的 live—alive活的
VI. 前缀
pssible—impssible (plite, patient)可能—不可能 tell—retell说—复述
build—rebuild 建造—重建
healthy—unhealthy健康的—不健康的
hnest—dishnest诚实—不诚实的
appear—disappear出现—消失
like—dislike 喜欢—不喜欢
male—female 男性—女性
VII. 国名——国籍
Australia—Australian America—American Canada—Canadian Britain—British
England—English Italy—ItalianFrance— French Germany—German (德国人复数Germans)
强化练习
从句子成分角度完成下列习题：
1. Thanksgiving is a ______ festival in the USA and Canada. (traditin)
2. There were nly a few _____ frm the air-crash. (survive)
3. After careful ____, the cmmittee decided t recmmend Mr. Smith fr the pst. (cnsider)
4. D yu agree that it is imprtant t make yurself _____? (understand)
5. I’ve lived in Chngqing fr several years and I’m nw used t _______ht fd. (eat)
6. He has t check the _____ f a difficult wrd befre he uses it. (spell)
7. The businessman lst a _______ chance t make a big frtune. (gld)
8. I’m the least f all the dctrs here. (experience)
9. In sme parts f this city, missing a bus means ______ fr anther hur. (wait)
10. Her early ______ gave everyne a big surprise. （arrive）
11. The little girl gave an ______ wnderful perfrmance last night. （extreme）
12. The mre challenging the jurney is, the ______ the yung peple will feel. （happy）
13. There has nt been a favrable ______ t yur plan s far. （respnd）
14. After they gt n the bus, they fund tw _______. (sit)
15. What we have had is just part f the truth. We shuld try t get ___________ infrmatin abut it. (far)
16. Nw mre and mre gardens are being built in ur __________. (neighbur)
17. _________ speaking, the cmputer has becme an imprtant part f ur life. (general)
18. It will ______ rain this afternn, fr the sky is s dark nw. (impssible)
19. Many peple in China are nt familiar with ________ custms. (west)
20.The rm is s dirty that a lt f __________ can be seen running here and there. (muse)
21. It's rude t lk ________ at a persn. (straight)
22. There is n shrt-cut t _________. ( succeed )
23. The reprter went t the sea with several _________ t lk fr the lst bat. (fish)
24. There are many places f ________ interest in Shanghai. (histry)
25. Mr. Mark is ne f the __________ f that factry. (engine)
26. It’s ten _________ walk frm here. Yu needn’t take a bus. (minute)
27. Jacky tld us an ________ stry that everybdy laughed happily. (amusement)
28. Thanks fr _______ me. I’ll d my best. (chice)
29. It’s much ___________ t swim with yur friend than t swim alne. (safe)
30. It was snwing _________ utside. (hard)
31. Hw many ___________ lessns d yu have every week? (physical)
32. They were well ____________ at a friend’s huse. (service)
33. The sun gives us light and ________. (ht)
34. We saw her running _________ the street just nw. (crss)
35. I’ll d my hmewrk mre __________ next time. (care)
36. In _________ t hard wrk, we need sme gd ways t succeed. (add)
37. In the past punishment（惩罚）was decided by the university. The student had n ___________ but t accept it. (chse)
38. A ___________ sight stpped them frm ging frward. (frighten)
39. The visitrs are ________ students. (main)
40. Of all the bys, Li Ming studies ______. (hard)
41. These mdern machines wrk ____. (autmatic)
42. Actins speak _____ than wrds. (lud)
43. I _________ where he cmes frm. (wnderful)
44. We tried all srts f __________, but they were all useless. (medical)
45. Carl lks much ________ than befre. (health)
46. The little by can run a marathn in __________ than three hurs. (little)
47. The lst calculatr has been returned t its __________. (wn)
48. Even __________, he lst his jb. (bad)
49. Life tday is becming harder and busier, s everyne shuld have his wn way f __________. (relax)
50. I am fnd f _________ fictin. (scientist)
51. Culd yu tell me whether it is a ________ change r a physical change? ( chemistry )
52. The students are nt allwed t tuch the ________ withut permissin. ( chemistry )
53. D yu knw wh the telephne was________ by? (inventin)
54. We went t a beautiful lake and spent an _______________ day. (frget)
55. What _____________ weather we are having nw! (freeze)
56. He tried t make mre mney t wrk ut a slutin t travelling _____________ (expensive)
57. She _______ her face with her hands. (discver)
58. Our huse____________ an area f 200 square metres. (discver)
59. The great_______ always teaches me hw t _______ the ________ (paint)
60. He is ne f the mst famus _________ in the university. (prfessinal)

答案：
1-5 traditinal；survivrs；cnsideratin；understd；eating
6-10 spelling；glden；experienced；waiting；arrival；
11-15 extremely；happier；respnse；seats；further
16-20 neighbrhd；Generally；pssibly；western；mice
21-25 straight；success；fishermen；histrical；engineers；
26-30 minutes'；amusing；chsing；safer；hard
31-35 physics；served；heat；acrss；carefully
36-40 additin；chice；frightening；mainly；hardest
41-45 autmatically；luder；wnder；medicine；healthier
46-50 less；wner；wrse；relaxatin；science
51-55 chemical；invented；unfrgettable；freezing
55-60 expense；cvered；cvers；painter- paint-painting ；prfessr
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