（4）阅读理解D篇——【新课标全国卷】2022届高考英语三轮复习考点题号一对一

这是一份（4）阅读理解D篇——【新课标全国卷】2022届高考英语三轮复习考点题号一对一，共17页。
（4）阅读理解D篇——【新课标全国卷】2022届高考英语三轮复习考点题号一对一
一、
    You may not realize it, but when you stare at your partner's eyes, there's a good chance that you're looking at a modified reflection of yourself? Researchers have found that people choose partners who tend to be of similar size, shape, and race as themselves...and they may even have facial features in common.
    Take Lot Geels from Amsterdam and her American husband, Brock Mosovsky, for example. "We have similar blonde hair and blue eyes," says Lot. "Neither of us is very tall. We're both built athletically and we're both mainly of European origin."
    Even if you 't look like your partner, you likely share nonphysical characteristics ,according to a growing field of research,. Tike education level, socioeconomic status, religion, personality features, and even core(核心) values.
    Lot and Brock fall into this type' as well. "We both have PhDs and work in research," she says. "We both live an active lifestyle, mainly rock climbing and skiing. Our world views are pretty similar, and we're both hard-working, social and friendly people.'
    Researchers have been studying the phenomenon of people with similarities pairing up known as positive assortative coupling一for decades. If you're sure that "opposites attract", you may be surprised by research findings, which prove that like attracts like. However, if you believe that "likes attract",you probably understand why people surprisingly seek life partners who remind them, on some comforting level, of themselves.
    "There's an element of predictability-when you date Somebody of a similar background," says Ty Tashiro, the author of The Science of Happily Ever After. "They're less threatening, less scary. They'll be more of a familiar person front the start. Familiarity is something we find attractive."
1.What can we infer about Lot and Brock?
A.They have the same hair and eyes. B.They both come from wealthy families.
C.They are attracted by each other's similarities. D.They both have the same cultural back ground.
2.Which of the following is close to the underlined expression "positive assortative"?
A.Of the preferred type. B.Of the different type.
C.Of the similar type. D.Of the original type.
3.Why do people try to find similar people as partners according to Ty Tashiro?
A.They are comfortable to stay with.
B.They are more threatening and scarier.
C.They can develop the same hobbies and interests.
D.They have the same status and background.
4.What message doe's the author try to convey?
A.Love me; love my dog. B.Birds of a feather flock together.
C.A good wife makes a good husband. D.Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
二、
    People have different ways of dealing with a common cold. Some take over the counter medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗) like herbal tea or chicken soup. Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it.
    So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work? According to James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it's easy to believe it's medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, USA Today reported.
    It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so common as a cold. Recently, scientists came closer to figure out why. To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral drugs work. They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus. To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough.
    The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒) A and B.But they didn't find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006. All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C.
    "This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinoviruses," study leader Professor Ann C.Palmenberg at the University of Wiscons in Madison, US, told Science Daily.
Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly detailed 3D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses.
    With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way. Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don't really work.
1.What does the author think of existing remedies for the common cold?
A.They are quite effective. B.They are slightly helpful.
C.They actually have no effect. D.They still need to be improved.
2.How do antiviral drugs work?
A.By breaking up cold viruses directly.
B.By changing the surface structures of the cold viruses.
C.By preventing colds from developing into serious diseases.
D.By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time.
3.What can we infer from the passage?
A.The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar.
B.Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold.
C.Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently.
D.Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure.
4.What is the best title for this passage?
A.Drugs against cold viruses B.Helpful home remedies
C.No current cure for a common cold D.Research on cold viruses
三、
Innovation(创新) comes from environments where ideas can connect. So what kind of environment does an epidemic(传染病) create when it comes to quickening innovation? This is the very question a new information chart from Top Masters looks to answer. According to the report, ground- breaking innovations have come despite the tragic effect of epidemics throughout history. This is a timely report because people are coming up with some innovative ideas to address many of the challenges brought on by COVID-19.
As epidemics go, the Black Death of the 1300% was extremely shocking. The plague(瘟疫) as it is also known, wiped out up to 60% of the population in Europe. According to the report, it was responsible for changing the economic and social structure of Europe and the creation of a middle class.
There were other outbreaks of the plague in England later on. In 1592, London faced an outbreak that shut down theaters for six months, This led Shakespeare to start writing poetry to make a living. And it was during this time that he wrote Venus and Adonis, and The Rape of Lucre. Another plague in 1606 also closed the theatres in London, and this time Shakespeare wrote King Lear and Macbeth.
In the US, the Boston smallpox epidemic of 1721 led to the spread of variolation(天花接种) which was responsible for reducing the death rate from 14% to2%,as well as the first steps towards vaccines.
COVID-19 is causing serious damage around the world. And although the death rate is nowhere close, the economic impact has been overwhelming. On the negative side, it has highlighted may of the shortcoming in the healthcare industry as nurses and doctors battled virus unfortunately underequipped.
With increased connectivity and technology, innovators around the world have responded by making the equipment that healthcare workers desperately need Today's innovators are addressing ventilator(呼吸机) shortages by using 3D printers and designing simpler ventilators; companies are making washable and reusable masks; app are tracking the virus and fighting the spread of misinformation.
1.What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A.Epidemics can promote creative ideas.
B.Creative ideas can influence epidemics.
C.Innovation exists in any environment.
D.Epidemics have more negative effects on the environment.
2.According to the passage. what effect did epidemics have in history?
A.The death rate was decreased.
B.European economy was improved.
C.Shakespeare changed his writing focus.
D.The Boston smallpox killed 14% of the population.
3.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.The COVID- 19 will soon be wiped out.
B.Medical workers are making equipment.
C.Healthcare equipment has been made in large quantities.
D.Innovators rely on technology to solve medical problems.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.Epidemics Speed Up Innovation
B.Innovation Changes the Economy
C.Epidemics Damage the Environment
D.Innovators Prevent COVID-19
四、
    A joint research team recently have developed a new electronic skin that is similar to human skin in strength, durability and sensitivity. The skin or e-skin may play an important role in next-generation personalized medicine, soft robotics and artificial intelligence.
    "The ideal e-skin will mimic (模仿) the many natural functions of human skin, such as sensing temperature and touch, accurately and in real time," says leading researcher Yichen Cai. However, making suitably flexible electronics that can perform such delicate tasks while also used repeatedly is challenging, and each material involved must be carefully engineered.
    Most e-skins are made by putting an active sensor on the surface that attaches to human skin. However, the connection between them is often too weak, which reduces the durability and sensitivity of the material; otherwise, if it is too strong, it won't be flexible enough, making it more likely to break the circuit.
    "The landscape of skin electronics keeps shifting at a remarkable pace," says Cai. "The discovery of 2D sensors has accelerated efforts to turn these quite thin but strong materials into functional, durable artificial skins."
    The new man-made skin built by the researchers could sense objects from 20 centimeters away. It could further make a quick response when touched in less than one tenth of a second. "It is a striking achievement for an e-skin to maintain toughness after repeated use," said Shen, "which mimics the softness and rapid recovery of human skin."
    This type of e-skin could monitor a range of biological information, such as changes in blood pressure, which can be sensed from movements of arms and legs. This data can then be shared and stored on the cloud via Wi-Fi.
    "One remaining problem to the widespread use of e-skins lies in mass production of high-resolution sensors," adds group leader Vincent Tung, "however, the latest technology offers new promise."
1.What's the feature of the new e-skin?
A.It is flexible and sensitive. B.It is almost the same as human skin.
C.It has fragile electronics. D.It has proved important in areas like AI.
2.What can the new e-skin do?
A.It can rapidly react to touches. B.It can change human's blood pressure.
C.It can heal the wounded skin quickly. D.It can adjust human's temperature.
3.What does the underlined word "striking" in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Slight. B.Noticeable. C.Well-known. D.Insignificant.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.A Breakthrough in High Technology B.Man-made Skin Improved
C.E-skin, a Promising Business D.The Wide Spread Use of E-skin
五、
A cheap printed sensor could transmit wildfire warnings. Wildfires have recently destroyed regions across the world, and their gravity is increasing. Hoping to reduce harm, researchers led by Yapei Wang, a Chinese chemist of Renmin University, say they have developed an inexpensive sensor to detect such fires earlier with less effort.
Current detection methods rely heavily on human watchfulness, which can delay an effective response. Most wildfires are reported by the general public, and other alerts come from routine foot patrols and watchtower observers. Passing planes and satellites also occasionally spot something, but "the fire first appears on the ground," Wang says. "When you see the fire from the sky, it is too late."
The team says its new sensor can be placed near tree trunks' bases and send a wireless signal to a nearby receiver if there is a dramatic temperature increase. That heat also powers the sensor itself, without replacing batteries. The team printed the substances onto ordinary paper to create a sensor for just $ 0.40.
But improving coordination among the different agencies involved in firefighting is even more crucial to address, says Graham Kent, an earthquake expert at the University of Nevada, Reno, who was not part of the study. Kent is director of ALERT Wildfire, a network that uses cameras and crowd sourcing to watch for fires in California, Nevada and Oregon. "The whole way that you respond to a fire until it's put out is like a ballet," he says. "You'd have to choreograph(设计)it just so, with resources precisely used at the right time and place and in the right order from detection to confirmation to assignment to extinguishment(熄灭). Fire detection is just step one."
Wang says his team's next steps are to extend the device's signal range beyond the current 100 meters, which can limit practical use, and to develop a protective shield for it. The transmitter's effectiveness, he notes, will also need to be examined in the field ahead.
1.What does the underlined word "gravity" in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A.Pull.B.Extinction. C.Popularity. D.Severity.
2.What do we know about the sensor?
A.Its price remains high. B.Its batteries are replaceable.
C.It can detect fires earlier and easier. D.It can reduce firefighters' pain.
3.What does Kent mean in paragraph 4?
A.Firefighting is easy but crucial.
B.Fire detection resources are rich.
C.Putting out a fire is an orderly activity.
D.Technology is the key to extinguishing a fire.
4.What's the plan for the new sensor according to Wang?
A.Improving and testing it. B.Limiting its use and transmission.
C.Examing and reducing its signal range. D.Getting it on the market ahead of time.
六、
   Middle-aged spread cannot be blamed on a declining metabolism(新陈代谢), according to an analysis of the body' s energy use.
    The study, of 6,400 people, from eight days old up to age 95, in 29 countries, suggests the metabolism remains "rock solid" throughout mid-life. It peaks at the age of one, is stable from 20 to 60 and then unavoidable declines. The study, published in the journal Science, found four phases of metabolic life: First period, birth to age one, when the metabolism shifts from being the same as the mother' s to a lifetime high 50% above that of adults. Second period, a gentle slowdown until the age of 20, with no sharp change during all the process of adolescence. Third period, no change at all between the ages of 20 and 60. Fourth period, a permanent decline, with yearly falls that, by 90, leave metabolism 26% lower than in mid-life.
    Prof John Speakman, one of the researchers, from the University of Aberdeen, said, "The most surprising thing for me is that there is no change throughout adulthood—if you are experiencing mid-life spread you can no longer blame it on a declining metabolic rate."
    People's metabolism was measured using doubly labelled water(双标水). But doubly labelled water is incredibly expensive, so it took researchers working together across 29 countries to gather data on 6,400 people.
    The researchers said fully understanding the changing metabolism could have a possible impact on medicine. Prof Herman Pontzer from Duke University said it could help reveal whether cancers spread differently as the metabolism changes and if drug doses could be adjusted during different phases.  Prof Tom Sanders, from King's College London, said: "Interestingly, they found very few differences in total energy use between early adult life and middle age—a time when most adults in developed countries put on weight". These findings would support the view that the obesity epidemic is fuelled by excess food energy intake and not a decline in energy use.
1.What do the researchers find about the metabolism?
A.It gradually declines for adults.
B.The highest metabolic rate is at age 20.
C.It reaches the highest point in childhood.
D.Its decline has little to do with middle-aged spread.
2.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A.Science. B.Business. C.Entertainment. D.Culture.
3.What's the difficulty when conducting the study?
A.The high cost. B.The long research time.
C.Limited medical technology. D.Selection of research objects.
4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _________.
A.the changing metabolism could lead to cancers.
B.most adults gain weight because of taking in too much food.
C.energy use keeps the same from early adult life to middle age.
D.Sanders thought drug doses could be adjusted during different phases.
七、
Does handwriting matter? Not very much, according to many educators. However, scientists say it is far too soon to declare handwriting is not important. New evidence suggests that the link between handwriting and educational development is deep.
Children not only learn to read more quickly when they first learn to write by hand, but they are also better able to create ideas and remember information. In other words, it's not only what we write that matters — but how.
A study led by Karin James, a psychologist at Indiana University, gave support to that view. A group of children, who had not learned to read and write, were offered a letter or a shape on a card and asked to copy it in one of three ways: draw the image on a page but with a dotted outline(虚线), draw it on a piece of blank white paper, or type it on a computer. Then the researchers put the children in a brain scanner and showed them the image again.
It was found that when children had drawn a letter freehand without a dotted outline or a computer, the activity in three areas of the brain were increased. These three areas work actively in adults when they read and write. By contrast, children who chose the other two ways showed no such effect. Dr. James attributes the differences to the process of free handwriting: Not only must we first plan and take action in a way but we are also likely to produce a result that is variable. Those are not necessary when we have an outline.
It's time for educators to change their mind and pay more attention to children's handwriting.
1.What do scientists mean by saying "it is far too soon to declare handwriting is not important"?
A.Handwriting is not very important to children.
B.Handwriting has nothing to do with education.
C.Handwriting should not be ignored at present.
D.Handwriting can not be learned in a short time.
2.What does "that view" in Para. 3 refer to?
A.Children read quickly when they write by hand.
B.How we write is as important as what we write.
C.Children create ideas and remember information.
D.A group of students should know what to write.
3.Which is NOT the children's task in the experiment?
A.Copy the image on a page but with a dotted outline.
B.Draw the image on a piece of blank white paper.
C.Type the image directly on a computer.
D.Put a brain scanner and show the image again.
4.According to the passage, the author obviously  _______  giving up handwriting.
A.is for B.is against
C.is responsible for D.doesn't care about
八、
For much of history,reading was a fairly noisy activity. In ancient Iraq and Syria some 4,000 years ago,the commonly used words for "to read" literally meant "to cry out" or "to listen". But today,silent reading is the norm. The majority of us bottle the words in our heads as if sitting in a quiet library. Reading out loud is largely kept for bedtime stories and performances.
However,a growing body of research suggests that we may be missing out by reading only with the voices inside our minds. The ancient art of reading aloud has a number of benefits for adults,from helping improve our memories and understand complex texts,to strengthening emotional bonds between people. Colin MacLeod,a psychologist at the University of Waterloo in Canada,has researched the impact of reading aloud on memory. He and his colleagues have shown that people consistently remember words and texts better if they read them aloud than if they read them silently. The effect of reading aloud is particularly strong in children,but it works for older people,too. MacLeod has named this phenomenon the "production effect". It means that producing written words-that's to say,reading them out loud-improves our memory of them.
The production effect has been replicated in numerous studies for more than a decade. In one study in Australia,a group of seven-to-ten-year-olds were presented with a list of words and asked to read some silently,and others aloud. Afterwards,they correctly recognized 87% of the words they'd read aloud,but only 70% of the silent ones.
In another study,adults aged 67 to 88 were given the same task-reading words either silently or aloud-before then writing down all those they could remember. They were able to recall 27% of the words they had read aloud,but only 10% of those they'd read silently. When asked which ones they recognized,they were able to correctly identify 80% of the words they had read aloud,but only 60% of the silent ones. MacLeod and his team have found the effect can last up to a week after the reading task.
1.What can we know from the first two paragraphs?
A.Reading aloud started in ancient Iraq and Syria.
B.People remember words better in a quiet library.
C.Reading aloud is beneficial to people of all ages.
D.Silent reading results in missing out some words.
2.What does the underlined word "replicated" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Challenged. B.Repeated. C.Ignored. D.Improved.
3.What are the two studies in the last two paragraphs intended to prove?
A.There is no production effect at all.
B.Reading aloud improves memory.
C.Silent reading has an instant effect.
D.Children remember more words.
4.What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A.Reading aloud-an art from the past.
B.Reading silently-a new trend
C.Reading aloud-a blessing for memory.
D.Reading silently-a complex skill
答案以及解析
一、
答案：1-4 CCAB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段"You may not realize it, but when you stare at your partner's eyes, there's a good chance that you're looking at a modified reflection' of yourself? Researchers have found that people choose partners who tend to be of similar size, shape, and race as themselves...and they may even have facial features in common.意识到,但当你若伴侣的眼睛时,很有能你看到的是修改过的自己的倒影。研究人员发现,人们选择的伴侣往往与自己的尺码、休型利和种族相似...他们甚至可能有共同的面部特征";第二段"Take Lot Geels from Amsterdam and her American husband, Brock Mosovsky, for example. "We have similar blonde hair and blue eyes," says Lot. "Neither of us is very tall. We're both built athletically and we're both mainly of European origin.(以阿姆斯特丹的Lot Geels和她的美国丈夫Brock Mosovsky为例。"我们有相似的金发和蓝眼睛,"Lot说,"我们两个都不是很高。我们都是运动员,我们都是欧洲血统)"可推知,Lot和Brock这对夫妇是因为彼此的相似之处而被相互吸引的。故选C。
2.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文"Researchers have been studying the phenomenon of people with similarities pairing up"(几十年来,研究人员一直在研究相似人配对的现象,)即积极选型配对。故positive assortative coupling即是指的similarities pairing up,画线词意思是"相似类型的"。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中"They're less threatening, less scary. They'll be more of a familiar person from the start. Familiarity is something we find attractive.(它们没有那么可怕,那么吓人。从一开始他们就会更熟悉。熟悉是我们觉得有吸引力的东西)"可知,人们会试图寻找相似的人作为伴侣是因为和他们在一起很舒服。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段"You may not realize it, but when you stare at your partner's eyes, there's a good chance that you're looking at a modified reflection of yourself? Researchers have found that people choose partners who tend to be of similar size, shape, and race as themselves...and they may even have facial features in common.(你可能设有意识到,但当你盯着伴侣的眼睛时,很有可能你看到的是修改过的自己的倒影。研究人员发现,人们选择的伴侣往往与自己的尺码、体型和种族相似…他们甚至可能有共同的面部特征)"结合文章说明了人们在选择伴侣时会倾向于寻找与自己有诸多共同点的人这一现象。可推知,作者想要传达的信息是"物以类聚,人以群分"。故选B。
二、
答案：1-4 CBDC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: Nothing really cures it.可知,作者认为普遍的治疗药物实际上没有效果,故选择C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus.可知,它们通过附着和改变病毒的表面结构来攻击病毒,故选B项。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段中To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the vims like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the vims and build a 3-D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough, 可知,科学家们识別病毒并建立三维模型来研究其表面才能设计一个足够有效的抗病毒药物,所以推断,了解感冒病毒的结构是开发有效治疗方法的关键。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章开头段落点明了主题, 并与最后一段相呼应,使我们了解到目前我们没有药物能真正治愈普通感冒。选项C符合文意。
三、
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中"According to the report, ground- breaking innovations have come despite the tragic effect of epidemics throughout history."可知根据该报告,尽管历史上流行病造成了悲惨的后果,但仍出现了突破性的创新。由此可推知,传染病可以促进创造性想法。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中"In 1592, London faced an outbreak that shut down theaters for six months, This led Shakespeare to start writing poetry to make a living. And it was during this time that he wrote Venus and Adonis, and The Rape of Lucre. Another plague in 1606 also closed the theatres in London, and this time Shakespeare wrote King Lear and Macbeth."可知1592年,伦敦爆发了一场疫情,导致剧院关闭了6个月,这导致莎士比亚开始写诗谋生。正是在这段时间里,他写了《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》和《强暴财主》。1606年的另一场瘟疫也关闭了伦敦的剧院,这一次莎士比亚创作了《李尔王》和《麦克白》。由此可知,传染病在历史上的影响有让莎士比亚改变了他的写作重点。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段"With increased connectivity and technology, innovators around the world have responded by making the equipment that healthcare workers desperately need. Today's innovators are addressing ventilator(呼吸机) shortages by using 3D printers and designing simpler ventilators; companies are making washable and reusable masks; app are tracking the virus and fighting the spread of misinformation."可知随着连通性和技术的提高,世界各地的创新者们纷纷响应,制造出医护人员急需的设备。今天的创新者们正在通过使用3D打印机和设计更简单的呼吸机来解决呼吸机短缺的问题;公司正在制造可清洗和可重复使用的口罩;应用程序正在跟踪病毒并打击错误信息的传播。由此可知,创新者依靠技术解决医疗问题。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段中"Innovation(创新) comes from environments where ideas can connect. So what kind of environment does an epidemic(传染病) create when it comes to quickening innovation? This is the very question a new information chart from Top Masters looks to answer. According to the report, ground- breaking innovations have come despite the tragic effect of epidemics throughout history."可知创新来自于思想能够相互联系的环境。那么,传染病在加速创新方面创造了什么样的环境呢?这正是来自顶级大师的新信息图要回答的问题。根据该报告,尽管历史上传染病造成了悲惨的后果,但仍出现了突破性的创新。结合文章主要说明了传染病可以促进创造性想法,并结合历史上传染病暴发对社会结构、文学人物以及疫苗研制几个方面进行了说明。如今面对新冠疫情,创新者依靠技术解决医疗问题。由此可知,A选项"传染病加速创新"最符合文章标题。故选A。
四、
答案：1.A; 2.A; 3.B; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据题干关键信息 the special thing of the new e-skin 定位到文章的 A joint research team recently have developed a new electronic skin that is similar to human skin in strength, durability and sensitivity.  可知,一个联合研究小组最近开发了一种新的电子皮肤,它在强度、耐用性和敏感性方面与人类皮肤相似。以及下文的 "It is a striking achievement for an e-skin to maintain toughness after repeated use." said Shen, "which mimics the softness and rapid recovery of human skin." 可知,"这是一个惊人的成就,电子皮肤可以在多次使用后保持韧性。"Shen说,"这模仿了人类皮肤的柔软和快速恢复。"由此可知,新的电子皮肤的特点是灵活敏感。故正确答案为 A。
2.细节理解题。根据题干关键信息can the new e-skin do 定位到文章的 The ideal e-skin will mimic the many natural functions of human skin, such as sensing temperature and touch, accurately and in real time. 可知,理想的电子皮肤将模拟人体皮肤的许多自然功能,如准确实时地感知温度和触觉。故正确答案为 A。
3.猜测词义题。根据文章的 " ...... for an e-skin to maintain toughness after repeated use." said Shen, "which mimics the softness and rapid recovery of human skin." 可知,电子皮肤可以在多次使用后保持韧性,模仿了人类皮肤的柔软和快速恢复,这是电子皮肤的一个重要成就。故画线词意思是"重要的"。B选项,"重要的"符合句意。"轻微的";"著名的";"无关紧要的"均不符合文意。故正确答案为 B。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文,可知本文阐述了一个联合研究小组最近开发了一种新的电子皮肤,它在强度、耐用性和敏感性方面与人类皮肤相似,这种新的电子皮肤有望大量生产。尤其是第一段第一句 A joint research team recently have developed a new electronic skin that is similar to human skin in strength, durability and sensitivity."一个联合研究小组最近开发了一种新的电子皮肤,它在强度、耐用性和敏感性方面与人类皮肤相似"可知,新的电子皮肤,它在强度、耐用性和敏感性方面与人类皮肤相似,在新技术的支持下,有希望大量生产。因此,这篇文章最好的标题是B项 Man-made Skin, Improved "人造改良皮肤"。故正确答案为B。
五、
答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据画线部分上下文可知,最近,世界各地的一些地区都遭到了森林大火的破坏,而且火势越来越严重,故gravity意为"严重性"。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段第一句可知,目前的检测方法很大程度上依赖人的观察力,这会延迟有效的反应。这种新型传感器可以向附近的接收器发送无线信号,可以更快、更早地检测出火灾。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段Kent说的话可知,改善消防机构之间的协调更为关键,你对火的反应,直到它被扑灭,就像一场芭蕾舞。你必须策划和设计,在正确的时间和地点分配资源,从探测到确认再到调度再到火熄灭。故可推知,灭火是一项合作而有秩序的活动。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段Wang说的话可知,他的研究小组下一步将把这种新型传感器的信号范围扩大为目前的100米以外,并为此开发一种保护罩。发射机的有效性也需要现场测试。
六、
答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.A; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据原文第二段"Third period,no change at all between the ages of 20 and 60."第三阶段,20岁到60岁之间有任何变化。"可知硏究人员发现新陈代谢的衰落与中年的传播关系不大。故选D
2.文章出处题。根据原文第二段" The study, published in the journal Science, found four phases of metabolic life."这项表在《科学》杂志上的硏究发现了代谢生命的四个阶段。"可知这篇文章可以出现在报纸的科学版面。A. Science科学;B. Business商务;C. Entertainment娱乐;D. Culture文化。故选A
3.细节理解题。根据原文第四段"But doubly labelled water is incredibly expensive,so it took researchers working together across 29 countries to gather data on 6,400 people.但双标水的价格非常昂贵,因此研究人员在29个国家合作收集6400人的数据。"可知进行这项研究的难点是高成本。A. The high cost高成本;B. The long research time研究时间长;C. Limited medical technology有限的医疗技术;D. Selection of research objects研究对象的选择。故选A
4.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段"These findings would support the view that the obesity epidemic is fuelled by excess food energy intake and not a decline in energy use.
这些发现将支持这样一种观点,即肥胖的流行是由过量的食物能量摄而不是能量消耗的下降推动的。〃可知从最后一段可以推断大多数成年人因摄入过多食物而体重增加。故选B
七、
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.B
解析：1.推理判断题。根据首段中"Does handwriting matter? Not very much, according to many educators. However, scientists say it is far too soon to declare handwriting is not important."可知,教育学家认为用手书写并不十分重要,而科学家持不同观点,认为放弃用手书写为时过早。故该题正确选项是C。
2.指代关系题。选项A、C都有提到,但并不是"that view"指代的内容,D选项并未提到,因此是错误的。"that view"指代上文,即第二段结尾处"…it's not only what we write that matters —but how.",意为"怎样书写和写什么都很重要"。故该题正确选项是B。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段内容,A、B、C选项都属于实验中的内容。根据"They were then placed in a brain scanner and shown the image again."可知受测学生被置于脑部扫描仪前,而不是使用脑部扫描仪,故该题正确选项是D。
4.推理判断题。虽然文中提到了教育学家和科学家的不同观点,但是结尾处作者明确表达"It's time for educators to change their mind and pay more attention to children's handwriting.",认为教育学家应该重视孩子的书写训练,不应该放弃用手书写。题目问的是作者对"giving up handwriting"的观点是什么,故该题正确选项为B。
八、
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.B; 4.C
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The ancient art of reading aloud has a number of benefits for adults, from helping improve our memories and understand complex texts, to strengthening emotional bonds between people."(古老的朗读艺术对成年人有很多好处,从帮助我们改善记忆,理解复杂的文本到加强人与人之间的情感纽带)以及"The effect of reading aloud is particularly strong in children, but it works for older people, too."(大声朗读对儿童的影响尤其强烈,但对老年人也有效)可知,大声朗读对各个年龄的人都有好处。故选C。
2.词句猜测题。根据划线部分所在句子"The production effect has been replicated in numerous studies for more than a decade."(十多年来,这种生产效应在大量的研究中被replicated),划线处的句子是第三段开头句,承上启下,第二段的历史的实验研究都证明了大声朗读对儿童和老年人都有好处,第三段的实验研究也表明大声朗读对儿童记忆有好处,可知,此处指这种效应十多年来在无数的研究中被重复,所以划线词的意思应为"重复,复制"。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第一段描述的一个研究结论"Afterwards, they correctly recognised 87% of the words they'd read aloud, but only 70% of the silent ones."(后来,他们能辨认出87%的他们大声朗读的单词,但是仅仅能辨认出70%的默读的单词)以及倒数第二段中另一个研究结论"They were able to recall 27% of the words they had read aloud, but only 10% of those they'd read silently."(他们能回忆起27%的他们大声朗读的单词,但是仅仅能回忆起10%的默读的单词)可知,最后两段列举的研究是为了证明大声朗读能改善记忆。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据第二段"However, a growing body of research suggests that we may be missing out by reading only with the voices inside our minds. "(然而,越来越多的研究表明,我们可能会错过阅读内心的声音)和"Colin MacLeod, a psychologist at the University of Waterloo in Canada, has researched the impact of reading aloud on memory. He and his colleagues have shown that people consistently remember words and texts better if they read them aloud than if they read them silently. The effect of reading aloud is particularly strong in children, but it works for older people,"(加拿大滑铁卢大学的心理学家科Colin MacLeod研究了朗读对记忆力的影响。他和他的同事们已经证明,大声朗读单词和文章比默读要好。大声朗读对儿童的影响特别大,但对老年人也有效)结合全文内容可知,文章主要讲述虽然如今默读已成为一种常态,但是其实大声朗读有很多好处。研究介绍了大声朗读的重要性和作用,结合历史发现和现阶段研究着重说明大声朗读对记忆的好处。"朗读——有助于记忆"最适合作文章标题。故选C。